英語什么是連詞
英語什么是連詞
連詞是用來連接詞與詞、詞組與詞組或句子與句子、表示某種邏輯關(guān)系的虛詞。連詞可以表并列、承接、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、選擇、假設(shè)、比較、讓步等關(guān)系。
連詞(conj conjunction)是一種虛詞, 它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞,短語與短語以及句與句的作用。連詞主要可分為4類:并列連詞.轉(zhuǎn)折連詞.選擇連詞和因果連詞。連詞也可以分為2類:并列連詞和從屬連詞
并列連詞用來連接平行的詞、詞組和分句、句子。如:
and(和,與;而且;于是,然后;因此)
but(但是;通常用not...but...不是...而是...;可是,然而;表示驚訝,不同意等--喔,哇;用來加強(qiáng)語句重復(fù)部分的語氣--一定;用來引入新話題--那就;常用于否定句--而不,若不;用于含doubt,question等字的否定句中相當(dāng)于that--對于),
or(或者,還是;用于否定句或問句--也不;否則,要不然;也就是說,換言之),
nor(用在neither之后--也不;用在no,not,never之后--也不;用在句首,句子需倒裝--也不),
so(因此,所以;因而,從而),
therefore(因此,因而,所以),
yet(可是,卻,然而),
however(然而,可是,不過;無論如何,不管怎樣;不管用什么方法;究竟怎樣,到底如何),
for(因?yàn)椋捎?,
hence(因此,由此),
as well as(不但,而且;和...一樣,和,也),
both…and(既...又...;不但...而且),
not only…but also(不但,而且),
either…or(不是...就是;要么...要么),
neither…nor(既不...也不...),
(and)then(那么)等等。
并列連詞與并列結(jié)構(gòu)
并列連詞引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)并列的句子。
1)and 與or
判斷改錯(cuò):
(錯(cuò)) They sat down and talk about something.
(錯(cuò)) They started to dance and sang.
(錯(cuò)) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.
(對) They sat down and talked about something.
(對) They started to dance and sing.
(對)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.
解析:
第一句:and 連接兩個(gè)并列的謂語,所以 talk 應(yīng)改為 talked。
第二句:and 連接兩個(gè)并列的動詞不定式,第二個(gè)不定式往往省略to,因此sang 應(yīng)改為 sing。
第三句:and 連接感觀動詞saw 后面的用作的賓補(bǔ)的兩個(gè)并列分詞結(jié)構(gòu),因此whisper應(yīng)改為whispering。
注意:and 還可以和祈使句或名詞詞組連用表示條件。(or也有此用法)
Make up your mind,and you'll get the chance.
= If you make up your mind,you'll get the chance.
One more effort,and you'll succeed.
= If you make one more effort,you'll succeed.
2)both …and兩者都
She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.
3)not only…but ...as well as=not only...but also不但…而且
She plays not only the piano,but (also) the guitar.
注意:not only… but also 關(guān)聯(lián)兩個(gè)分句時(shí),一個(gè)分句因有否定詞not 而必須倒裝
Not only does he like reading stories,but also he can even write some.
4)neither…nor意思為"既不……也不……"謂語動詞采用就近原則,與nor后的詞保持一致。
Neither you nor he is to blame.
表示選擇的并列結(jié)構(gòu)
1)or意思為"否則"。
I must work hard,or I'll fail in the exam.
我必須努力學(xué)習(xí),否則我的考試成績將要下降.
2)either…or意思為"或者……或者……"。注意謂語動詞采用就近原則。
Either you or I am right.
或者是你對,或者是我對.
表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ?/p>
1) but表示轉(zhuǎn)折,while表示對比。
Some people love cats,while others hate them.
典型例題
Would you like to come to dinner tonight
I'd like to,___ I'm too busy.
A. and B. so C. as D. but
答案D。but與前面形成轉(zhuǎn)折,符合語意。而表并列的and, 結(jié)果的so,原因的as都不符合句意。
2)not…but…意思為"不是……而是……"
not 和but 后面的用詞要遵循一致原則。
They were not the bones of an animal,but (the bones) of a human being.
表示讓步
however表讓步,譯為"無論如何"
However we adopt healthcare reform, it isn't going to save major amounts of money.
不管我們采取何種醫(yī)療改革措施,都省不下太多錢。
誤區(qū)提示:however可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折,譯為"然而;不過;仍然"但是這時(shí)為副詞詞性,而并非連詞。
例句:
This was not an easy decision. It is, however, a decision that we feel is dictated by our duty...
這很難抉擇。不過,我們覺得自己有義務(wù)作出決定。
表原因關(guān)系
1)for
判斷改錯(cuò):
(錯(cuò)) For he is ill,he is absent today.
(對) He is absent today,for he is ill.
for是并列連詞,不能置于含兩個(gè)并列分句的句子的句首,只能將其放在兩個(gè)分句中間。
2)so,therefore
He hurt his leg,so he couldn't play in the game.
3)because
I cannot sleep because I am too excited.
注意:
這兩個(gè)詞的意思很相近,通常是可以互換使用的。為了安全起見,最好用because引導(dǎo)從句,因?yàn)橥?because引導(dǎo)的從句相比,for引導(dǎo)的從句的用法要受到某些限制:
?、賔or引導(dǎo)的從句不能位于它所解釋的動詞之前:
Because it was wet be took a taxi.
因?yàn)橄掠?,他叫了一輛出租車。(這里不能用for)
②for引導(dǎo)的從句不能位于not,but或任何連詞之后
③for引導(dǎo)的從句不能用于回答問題:
—Why did you do it? 你為什么這么做?
—I did it because I was angry. 因?yàn)槲疑鷼獠胚@么做的。(這里不能用for)
④for引導(dǎo)的從句不能單單用來復(fù)述已講過的話,而必須包括新的內(nèi)容:
He spoke in French. 他講法語。
She was angry because he had spoken in French. 因?yàn)樗v法語,她生氣了。