托福獨(dú)立作文怎么寫得高分
托福考試的獨(dú)立作文整體題目屬于常見的題材,難度不大。那么怎么寫好托福獨(dú)立作文?下面就是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的托福獨(dú)立作文寫作技巧,希望對(duì)你有用!
托福獨(dú)立作文寫作技巧
01、論據(jù)
這里強(qiáng)調(diào)論據(jù)的重要性,不是忽視邏輯和論點(diǎn)的重要性。相反,只要你能夠掌握一些萬能的論據(jù),對(duì)你謀劃全篇的結(jié)構(gòu),以及段落發(fā)展,是有好處的。
論據(jù)的準(zhǔn)備也可以稱為素材,可以多去看看其他小伙伴們的寫作,這種素材可以是一個(gè)短語,一個(gè)人名,或是一個(gè)完整的例子。這種例子能夠輔佐你的亂點(diǎn),能夠畫龍點(diǎn)睛。
02、仿寫
仿寫也是提高作文的一大法寶,可以找到亦鷗考友們的高分作文來進(jìn)行仿寫。仿寫的目的是提升語言,不求語言華麗,但求語言要地道。
03、把握好托福獨(dú)立寫作寫作思路
怎樣發(fā)展成為一篇邏輯性很強(qiáng)的文章呢?下面為大家介紹一些實(shí)戰(zhàn)做法:
1.首先應(yīng)該審題,尤其關(guān)注作文題目中的絕對(duì)性詞匯
比如:Improving school is most important factor to sucessful development of country. 看到most ,我們自然想到用他因法。
2.其次用20秒的時(shí)間,整理腦中所有能用的素材
讓這些素材稱為支持你段落的骨架,然后開始確定段落的論點(diǎn)。
3.把握好過渡詞的使用,和適當(dāng)?shù)恼撌龇椒ㄍ晟颇愕淖魑?,使之成為一個(gè)邏輯整體。
論述方法:條件(假設(shè))法,比如:if 我按照論點(diǎn)那樣做,就能cause siginificant effects,除了用if,還能有with, when, only through + 方式+倒裝等。
4.盡量使你的語言句式豐富一些
形式主語,主動(dòng),被動(dòng),動(dòng)名詞To do作主語,倒裝句,there be,以及強(qiáng)調(diào)句等等。特別強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn),為了使你文章的邏輯清晰可見,要使用邏輯連接詞。
托福獨(dú)立作文究竟要不要字?jǐn)?shù)多
托福獨(dú)立寫作的官方要求是,在三十分鐘內(nèi)寫一篇文章,字?jǐn)?shù)不少于300字。
有不少同學(xué)首次參加考試的時(shí)候,會(huì)誤以為考試要求總字?jǐn)?shù)不能超過300字,因此寫多了的部分,竟然特意刪除。
請(qǐng)注意,官方要求用的是minimum就是最少300字。
很多老師都會(huì)在培訓(xùn)中建議學(xué)員要把字?jǐn)?shù)寫多。那么字?jǐn)?shù)寫多究竟有什么好處呢?
句型變化
試想,一篇10個(gè)句子的文章能夠展示的句型多,還是一篇20個(gè)句子的文章能夠展示的句型多?
詞匯數(shù)量
毋庸置疑,任何一篇文章的有效單詞數(shù)都會(huì)因?yàn)榭傋謹(jǐn)?shù)的增加而有所增加。
闡述論證
很多時(shí)候同學(xué)們描述一個(gè)場(chǎng)景,舉一個(gè)例子,如果只用了一兩句話,很難概述出具體情況并作出有效分析。如果能用五句話左右闡述問題,更能夠?qū)⒆约旱南敕?xì)致的表達(dá)。
托福獨(dú)立作文機(jī)經(jīng)思路擴(kuò)展
1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students could receive a better, more efficient education if they spend 11 months a year studying. (080330)
解析:題目中包含明顯的兩個(gè)方面,即學(xué)生每年學(xué)習(xí)11個(gè)月和學(xué)習(xí)少于11個(gè)月(比如9-10個(gè)月)。這樣的題目推薦大家使用【讓步-轉(zhuǎn)折-遞進(jìn)】式寫法,這樣會(huì)讓理由的思考變得極為簡(jiǎn)單。
思路歸納:
讓步段:誠然,學(xué)生每年學(xué)習(xí)11個(gè)月確實(shí)有好處,為了接受更大量的不同領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)。(Admittedly, it is beneficial for students to study eleven months a year in order to acquire a greater deal of knowledge related to various realms. )
轉(zhuǎn)折段:但不管怎樣,學(xué)生每年只學(xué)習(xí)9-10個(gè)月也是明智的,為了使自己休息過來并更高效地學(xué)習(xí)。(Nevertheless, it is also sensible for students to study only nine or ten months a year for effectively refreshing themselves and learning more efficiently. )
遞進(jìn):因此,我很難同意學(xué)習(xí)11個(gè)月能夠使學(xué)生獲得更優(yōu)的教育。實(shí)際上,一年只學(xué)習(xí)9-10個(gè)月會(huì)更好,因?yàn)閷W(xué)生們可以利用空閑時(shí)間培養(yǎng)興趣和其他技能。(Judging from the evidence offered above, I can hardly agree that leaning eleven months a year can help students to receive better education. Virtually, allowing students to study only nine or ten months is more advisable, since students can use the spare time to foster their interests in different fields and develop various practical skills.
2. Drivers have to pay a fee for driving in busy city streets when there is a great amount of traffic. (080712)
解析:此題問法比較直接,并且題目中不包含任何絕對(duì)詞,所以直接采取【總分總】式寫法即可,支持題目和反駁題目都可以嘗試。下文的思路歸納采用的是支持題目的寫法,也就是支持司機(jī)應(yīng)該在高峰期繳費(fèi)。
思路歸納:
理由一:首先,繳費(fèi)可以緩解交通堵塞的問題,幫助人們節(jié)省時(shí)間。(Primarily, requiring drivers to pay a fee in rush hours can help alleviate the problem of traffic jam and thus help people to save much time.)
理由二:此外,由于需要繳費(fèi),人們可能更多選擇使用公共交通,進(jìn)而可以幫助解決空氣質(zhì)量問題。(Moreover, people might opt for public transportation more frequently due to the fee that they will pay if they drive a car, which is beneficial to solve the problem of air pollution.)
總結(jié):因此,基于上述理由的給出,我的觀點(diǎn)是司機(jī)應(yīng)該在高峰期繳費(fèi),為了節(jié)省時(shí)間并且緩解空氣質(zhì)量問題惡化。(Consequently, based on all the reasons listed above, I reiterate my standpoint that drivers should pay a fee for driving in rush hours for the sake of saving time and avoiding deterioration of air pollution. )
3. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to truly relax and reduce stress is to spend time alone. (081207)
解析:題目中包含明顯絕對(duì)詞(best),此時(shí)我們想證明best其實(shí)很難,基本在邏輯上無法證明,所以反駁題目比較好寫。但是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)獨(dú)處確實(shí)也可以讓我們緩解壓力,所以完全反駁題目似乎也不太合理,因此本題目推薦大家使用【讓步-轉(zhuǎn)折-遞進(jìn)】式寫法。
思路歸納:
讓步段:誠然,獨(dú)處確實(shí)是有效的方式緩解壓力,因?yàn)榭梢圆槐蝗魏稳舜驍_。(Admittedly, spending time alone is genuinely a good and effective way for people to release pressure for not being disturbed by others.)
轉(zhuǎn)折段:但不管怎樣,和他人在一起也是放松自己的好方法,尤其是和自己的家人與朋友在一起。(Nevertheless, being with others can also be regarded as a good and available way to relax oneself, especially with one’s families and friends.)
遞進(jìn):因此,我很難同意獨(dú)處是緩壓的最好的方式。在我看來,是否獨(dú)處是緩壓的好方式取決定于一個(gè)人的性格。(Judging from the evidence offered above, I can hardly agree that spending time alone is the best way for people to relax. From my perspective, it mostly hinges on one’s personality whether he or she should choose spending time alone or with other to reduce stress.
4. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement. Movies and television have more negative effects than positive effects on the way young people behave.(121202)
解析:題目中包含明顯的比較級(jí)(more than),題目問電影和電視對(duì)于年輕人行為的積極影響是不是大于消極影響。很顯然,如果我們能夠證明消極影響和積極影響‘一樣多’,那么我們就能夠成功地反駁消極影響‘大于’積極影響。所以這樣的題目推薦大家使用【讓步-轉(zhuǎn)折-遞進(jìn)】式寫法,這樣我們只需要將消極影響和積極影響各寫一方面的理由即可成功反駁題目。
思路歸納:
讓步段:誠然,電影和電視確實(shí)對(duì)年輕人的行為有一些消極影響,因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡芘で嗌倌甑膬r(jià)值觀。(Admittedly, movies and televisions do have some negative effects on the way that young people behave, in that they may distort adolescents’ values.)
轉(zhuǎn)折段:但不管怎樣,電影和電視也對(duì)年輕人的行為有較多積極影響,因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢约ぐl(fā)孩子們的學(xué)習(xí)熱情。(Nevertheless, it is indisputable that movies and televisions also have numerous positive influences on young people’s behaviors, since they can stimulate youngsters’ enthusiasm of learning.)
遞進(jìn):因此,我很難同意電影和電視對(duì)于年輕人的消極影響大于積極影響。在我看來,這很大程度上取決于電影的類型。(Judging from the evidence offered above, I can hardly agree that movies and televisions have more negative effects than positive ones on young people’s behaviors. From my perspective, it mostly depends on the type of movies whether their negative influences outweigh the positive ones. )
5. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teaching should be paid according to how well their students perform. 教師不應(yīng)該由學(xué)生的成績來取得報(bào)酬。
思路歸納:
1) 每個(gè)學(xué)生是不一樣的。有的學(xué)生天賦好,老師不用特別用心,學(xué)生都能學(xué)很好。而有些學(xué)生既沒有天賦也不愿意學(xué)習(xí),老師怎么努力,學(xué)生成績都不會(huì)好。
2) 如果按照學(xué)習(xí)成績來給老師付工資,很有可能老師就只會(huì)教考試內(nèi)容。而忽略學(xué)生心理的健康和其他才能的培養(yǎng)。
3) 如果如果按照學(xué)習(xí)成績來給老師付工資,也有可能造成老師偏向成績好的學(xué)生而忽略后進(jìn)生。
以下是一些小范圍機(jī)經(jīng)題目的分論點(diǎn)羅列,供大家參考:
1. Do you agree or disagree: Technology designed to make people's lives simpler but make people's lives more complicated.
不同意:A:方便消費(fèi);B:方便交流;C: 方便交通
2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for the government to spend money on new buildings than to preserve historic or traditional buildings and homes.(111218CNW2)
同意:A:新建筑更利于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,老房子除非歷史特別悠久,否則也不具備旅游開發(fā)價(jià)值; B:人口增加,需要更多住所;C:(讓步段)一般性老房子貼近普通人生活,更具情感意義
3. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In twenty years from now, students will not use printed books any more. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
同意:A:科技發(fā)達(dá),電子書存儲(chǔ)/攜帶更方便,還可以聽書; B:紙質(zhì)書不環(huán)保,森林減少; C:(讓步段)紙質(zhì)書看起來更有感覺,眼睛更舒服
4. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to attract good students, a university should spend a lot of money funding social activities.(130223NAW2)
不同意:A:教師更重要,教學(xué)質(zhì)量; B:教學(xué)設(shè)備/硬件重要,生活學(xué)習(xí)更方便舒服;C:(讓步段)社會(huì)活動(dòng)可以提升學(xué)生綜合素質(zhì),提高學(xué)校社會(huì)聲望
5. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In the past young people depended on their parents for making decisions. Today, young people are better able to make decisions on their own.
同意:A:現(xiàn)代年輕人更獨(dú)立/更有個(gè)性,自己的想法;B:現(xiàn)在社會(huì)發(fā)展更快/更多元,年輕人比父母更了解未來趨勢(shì);C:(讓步段)父母更有生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)
6. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The car (automobile) has had greater effect to society than the airplane has to.
同意:A:車的使用人群更廣,容易駕駛;B:車更方便日常生活使用;C:費(fèi)用相對(duì)便宜
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3.托福作文連接詞