12月英語四級閱讀真題及參考答案
四級閱讀的難度貌似每年都會有所提升，所以考試備考時一定不能缺少真題復(fù)習(xí)，掌握考點(diǎn)大致方向，下面是小編整理的關(guān)于12月英語四級閱讀真題及參考答案的內(nèi)容，僅供參考，歡迎閱讀借鑒!
2019年12月英語四級閱讀真題
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on thefollowing passage.
The fifth largest city in US passed a significantsoda tax proposal that will levy (征稅)1.5 centsper liquid ounce on distributors.
Philadelphil's new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a newbar for similar initiatives across the country. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks canwin substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city tosuccessfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in 2014.
The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with adder sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It's expected to raise 0 million over the next fiveyears, most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program forthe city.
While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents tothe measure, including soda lobbyists, made sharp criticisms and a promise tochallenge the tax in court.
"The tax passed today unfairly singles out beverages — including low —and no-caloriechoices," said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. "Butmost importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people ofPhiladelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it."
An industry-backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure, characterizing it as a "grocery tax".
Public health groups applauded the approved tax as step toward fixing certain lastinghealth issues that plague Americans. "The move to recapture a small part of the profitsfrom an industry that pushed a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heartdisease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure beinspirational to many other places," said Jim Krieger, executive director of HealthyFood America. "indeed, we are already hearing from some of them. It's not 'justBerkeley' anymore."
Similar measures in California's Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado's Boulderare becoming hot-button issues. Health advocacy groups have hinted that even moremight be coming.
46. What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?
A) It will change the lifestyle of many consumers.
B) It may encourage other US cities to fllow suit.
C) It will cut soda consumption among low-income communities.
D) It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda business.
47. What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal?
A) Bargain with the city council.
B) Refuse to pay additional tax.
C) Take legal action against it.
D) Try to win public support.
48. What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal?
A) It tried to arouse hostile felings among consumers.
B) It tried to win grocers' support against the measure.
C) It kept sending ltters of protest to the media.
D) It criticized the measure through advertising.
49. What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?
A) Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.
B) Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.
C) Add to the fund for their rescarch on discases.
D) Benefit low-income people across the country.
50. What do we lear about similar measures concening the soda tax in some other citics?
A) They are becoming rather sensitive issues.
B) They are spreading panic in the soda industry.
C) They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.
D) They are taking away a lot of proft from the soda industry.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on thefollowing passage.
Popping food into the microwave for a couple ofminutes may seem utterly harmless, andEurope's stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7millioncars, a new study has found, and the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchenappliances becoming "status" users, owners are throwing many microwave after anaverage of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwave which are expected toreach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade.
A study by the University of Manchester worked out the emissions of carbon dioxide -- the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change -- at every stage ofmicrowaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. "It is electricity consumption bymicrowaves that has the biggest impact on the environment," say the authors, whoalso calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same asthose from a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption shouldfocus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour to use appliances moreefficiently. For example, electricity consumption by microwaves can be reduced byadjusting the time of cooking to the type of food."
However, David Reay, professor of carbon management argues that, althoughmicrowaves use a great deal of enery, their emissions are minor compared to those fromcars. In the UK alone and these emit way more than all the emissions from microwavesin the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69mtonnes of CO2 in 2015. This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven studyestimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the whole of the EU." further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other form of cooking. Amongcommon kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energyefficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave salescould be seen as a positive thing.
51. What is the finding of the new study?
A) Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular.
B) The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.
C) CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the environment.
D) The use of microwaves emits more CO2 than people think.
52. Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?
A) They are becoming more afrdabla.
B) They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances.
C) They are gtting much easier to operate.
D) They take less tine to cook than other ppliaces.
53. What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?
A) Cooking food of dfferent varieties.
B) Improving microwave users' habits.
C) Eating less to cut energy consumption.
D) Using microwave ovens less frequently.
54. What does Professor David Reay try to argue?
A) There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.
B) People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less often.
C) The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the EU.
D) More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.
55. What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?
A) It will become less popular in the coming decades.
B) It makes everyday cooking much more convenient.
C) It plays a positive role in envronmental protection.
D) It consumes more power than conventional cooking.
2019年12月英語四級閱讀真題答案
Passage one
46.B
47.C
48.D
49.B
50.A
Passage two
51.D
52.A
53.B
54.A
55.C
大學(xué)英語四級考試語法
指示代詞概說
表示"這個"、"那個"、"這些"、"那些"等指示概念的代詞叫做指示代詞。
指示代詞有：this這個，that那個，these這些，those那些，it那個，這個，Such如此的，如此的事物，same同樣的，同樣的事物。
指示代詞this，these，that，those在句中的功用
指示代詞this，these，that，those在句中的用法相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞，可用作主語、表語、賓語和定語。如：
This is a plane，這是一架飛機(jī)。(作主語)
Oh，it's not that.噢，問題不在那兒。(作表語)
How do you like these?你喜歡這些嗎?(作賓語)
This book is about Chinese traditional medicine.這是一本關(guān)于中醫(yī)的書。(作定語)
指示代詞ins，these，that， those的其它用法
1)This (these)常用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物，that(those)則常用來指時間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物。如：
This is a sickle and that is an axe.這是一把鐮刀，那是一把斧子。
These days are cold.這些天很冷。
In those days the poor people had a hard time.在那些日子里，窮人生活很苦。
2)有時that和those指前面講到過的事物，this和these則指下面將要講到的事物。如：
I had a bad cold. That's why I didn't come.我傷風(fēng)很厲害，所以我沒有來。
Those two statements are not true.那兩種說法是不真實(shí)的。
What I want to say is this：Pronunciation is very important in learning English.我所要說的是：語音在英語學(xué)習(xí)中非常重要。
chairman Mao honoured Lin Hulan with these words："A great life A glorious death"用下面的話表彰劉胡蘭："生的偉大，死的光榮。"
3)有時為了避免重復(fù)提到過的名詞，?？捎胻hat或those代替。如：
The climate of shenyang is just as good as that of Beijing. 沈陽的氣候跟北京的一樣好。(that代替climate)
The county's grain output of 1981 was double that of 1970.這個縣1987年的糧食產(chǎn)量比1980年增加一倍。(that代替grain output)
Television sets made in Nanjing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.南京出產(chǎn)的電視機(jī)和上海的一樣好。(those代替television sets)
4)This和that有時作狀語用，表示"程度"，意謂"這么"和"那么"。如：
The book is about this thick.那本書大約有這么厚。
I don't want that much.我不要那么多。
It指人時亦用作指示代詞。指示代詞it在漢語中不必譯出。
如：
Who is it?――it's me.是誰?--是我。
Oh, it's you，Lao Wang.哦，是你呀，老王。
英語四級閱讀理解技巧
不管是英語還是語文閱讀理解，我們首先都應(yīng)該先讀標(biāo)題(可能沒有)和題目，然后帶著問題讀文章。
泛讀文章，把文章大意過一遍，了解文章大致內(nèi)容講些什么。著重閱讀文章每一段的首尾部分，因?yàn)槭孜膊糠志褪窃摱蔚闹黝}。
讀完大段落后，就要開始精讀了，精讀中碰到讀不懂的句子，首先找到主謂賓，把一些狀語、補(bǔ)語等一些附加成分忽略不計，這樣就比較容易理解。
做題目的時候，首先就是排除干擾項(xiàng)，然后根據(jù)文章意思再次排除，最后選擇答案。
閱讀理解的最后一題通常會讓你選出哪個是正確的或者哪個是錯誤的，一定要看清題目。
最后，四級的英語閱讀偏向于議論文和說明文，也可能會出現(xiàn)時事新聞的文章，平時可以多看看一些國外的報紙、雜志等等。
大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解三大類題型解題技巧
英語四級考試在即，其中仔細(xì)閱讀主要包涵三個題型，細(xì)節(jié)題、段落題及全文題。
首先，細(xì)節(jié)題。
細(xì)節(jié)題的特征如下：1.題干出現(xiàn)文中具體的人、概念、時間等，2.題干重現(xiàn)文中某句的信息，3.直接問某句某詞或短語的意思。
細(xì)節(jié)題題解題技巧如下：
1.局限定位：在做題時一定要找準(zhǔn)題干定位詞，定位至句找出答案。
2.三句原則：如果在定位句中找不出答案，在定位句前后找找，一般答案不會出這三句。
3.正選優(yōu)先：識別正確選項(xiàng)特征。好多學(xué)生看到這種說法可能會比較迷茫，下面我們一起來看一下英語四級仔細(xì)閱讀正確選項(xiàng)及錯誤選項(xiàng)的特征。
四級閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題正確選項(xiàng)的特征：
1.對應(yīng)：選項(xiàng)對應(yīng)自文中某句的信息，不含推理、無憑空臆想、忌照搬常識。
2.改寫：選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行同義改寫，沒有大量照抄原文或者選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行了同義詞替換、句式變換、合理概括歸納。
四級閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題錯誤選項(xiàng)的特征：
1.對應(yīng)錯誤：選項(xiàng)文章未提及或文章提及，但答非所問。
2.改寫錯誤：選項(xiàng)與原文相反、偷換原文概念、拼湊無關(guān)信息或與原文有偏差、過于絕對。
第二，段落題。
段落題特征如下：題干問整段大意、或從整段歸納及推理;題干只能定位至段、無法更細(xì);題干問的某信息在某段中出現(xiàn)多次。
四級仔細(xì)段落題解題技巧如下：
1.找出段落重點(diǎn)句：段落重點(diǎn)局一般在段首、段末或者段中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折的話后面一句話，這幾個地方出現(xiàn)有限信息的概率比較大。
2.找出段落話題詞：段落話題次就是段中重現(xiàn)多次的詞。
3.選項(xiàng)定位法(模糊的題)：講選項(xiàng)帶回段中定位、比對，選出最佳答案。
最后，全文題。
全文題的特征是：題干問全文大意、全文意圖、作者整體態(tài)度等，題干某信息全文分散出現(xiàn)多次，出現(xiàn)在最后一題，且定位模糊。
全文題的解題技巧如下：
1.開篇方式定中心：根據(jù)文章的開篇方式確定文章中心。直敘型/轉(zhuǎn)折型/問答型/舉例型。
2.串聯(lián)各段整中心：整合各段首句、話題，根據(jù)這些內(nèi)容總結(jié)出文章中心。
3.巧用別題猜中心：利用前面題目的信息推測中心。
4.正確答案靠中心：議論文主要考文章的話題、態(tài)度，說明文主要靠文章的對象、特征。
全文題大家比較容易過度推斷或者遺漏條件，同學(xué)們在做這類提目時千萬不要憑空猜測，一定要根據(jù)原文，做到有理可依。
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