Linux grep命令用法
grep用于查找文件中符合字符串的那行。e.g. grep -nr "network_ssl" ./ [查找當(dāng)前文件夾下所有文件內(nèi)容，列出包含有 network_ssl該字串的行，并顯示行號(hào)]，那么你知道Linux grep命令用法么?接下來(lái)是小編為大家收集的Linux grep命令用法，歡迎大家閱讀：
Linux grep命令用法
首先創(chuàng)建我們練習(xí)grep命令時(shí)需要用到的demo文件demo_file。
$ cat demo_file
THIS LINE IS THE 1ST UPPER CASE LINE IN THIS FILE.
this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.
This Line Has All Its First Character Of The Word With Upper Case.
www.2cto.com
Two lines above this line is empty.
And this is the last line.
1.從單個(gè)文件中搜索指定的字串
grep的基礎(chǔ)用法是如下例的從指定的文件中搜索特定的字串。
語(yǔ)法：
grep "literal_string" filename
$ grep "this" demo_file
this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.
Two lines above this line is empty.
And this is the last line.
2. 在多個(gè)文件中檢索指定的字串
語(yǔ)法：
grep "string" FILE_PATTERN
先拷貝demo_file為demo_file1。grep的結(jié)果在符合條件的行前將包括文件名。當(dāng)文件名包含元字符時(shí)，linux shell會(huì)將匹配的所有文件作為輸入到grep中去。
$ cp demo_file demo_file1
www.2cto.com
$ grep "this" demo_*
demo_file:this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.
demo_file:Two lines above this line is empty.
demo_file:And this is the last line.
demo_file1:this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.
demo_file1:Two lines above this line is empty.
demo_file1:And this is the last line.
3. 用 grep -i 進(jìn)行大小寫(xiě)無(wú)關(guān)的搜索
語(yǔ)法：
grep -i "string" FILE
也是一個(gè)基本用法，對(duì)搜索的字串忽略大小寫(xiě)，因此下例中匹配“the”, “THE” and “The”。
$ grep -i "the" demo_file
THIS LINE IS THE 1ST UPPER CASE LINE IN THIS FILE.
this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.
This Line Has All Its First Character Of The Word With Upper Case.
And this is the last line.
4. 使用用正則表達(dá)式
語(yǔ)法：
grep "REGEX" filename
如果你能有效地利用正則表達(dá)式，這是個(gè)很有用的特點(diǎn)。在下面的例子中，搜索全部以“lines”開(kāi)始以“empty”結(jié)束的字串，如搜索“lines[之間任意字]empty” ，并且忽略大小寫(xiě)。
$ grep -i "lines.*empty" demo_file
Two lines above this line is empty.
正則表達(dá)式遵循的幾個(gè)重復(fù)的操作
? 最多匹配一次 www.2cto.com
* 匹配零次或者任意多次
+ 匹配一次以上
{n} 匹配n次
{n,} 最少匹配n次
{,m} 最多匹配m次
{n,m} 匹配n到m次
5. 用grep -w搜索整個(gè)詞，而不是詞中的部分字串
使用-w選項(xiàng)搜索一個(gè)單詞，并且避免搜索到詞中的部分字串。
下例搜索"is"。如果不加-w選項(xiàng)，將顯示“is”, “his”, “this” 等所有包含“is”的行。
$ grep -i "is" demo_file
THIS LINE IS THE 1ST UPPER CASE LINE IN THIS FILE.
this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.
This Line Has All Its First Character Of The Word With Upper Case.
Two lines above this line is empty.
And this is the last line.
下例使用了-w選項(xiàng)，請(qǐng)注意結(jié)果中不包含 “This Line Has All Its First Character Of The Word With Upper Case”, 雖然 “This”中包含“is”。
$ grep -iw "is" demo_file www.2cto.com
THIS LINE IS THE 1ST UPPER CASE LINE IN THIS FILE.
this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.
Two lines above this line is empty.
And this is the last line.
6. 使用grep -A, -B and -C顯示之前、之后、前后的幾行
當(dāng)使用grep搜索大文件時(shí)，顯示匹配行附近的多行數(shù)據(jù)是一個(gè)很有用的功能。
創(chuàng)建如下文件
$ cat demo_text
4. Vim Word Navigation
You may want to do several navigation in relation to the words, such as:
* e - go to the end of the current word.
* E - go to the end of the current WORD.
* b - go to the previous (before) word.
* B - go to the previous (before) WORD.
* w - go to the next word.
* W - go to the next WORD.
WORD - WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white space.
word - word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores.
Example to show the difference between WORD and word
* 192.168.1.1 - single WORD
* 192.168.1.1 - seven words.
6.1 顯示匹配行之后的N行
-A
語(yǔ)法：
grep -A "string" FILENAME
下例顯示匹配行和之后的3行數(shù)據(jù)
$ grep -A 3 -i "example" demo_text
Example to show the difference between WORD and word
www.2cto.com
* 192.168.1.1 - single WORD
* 192.168.1.1 - seven words.
6.2顯示匹配行之前的N行
-B
語(yǔ)法：
grep -B "string" FILENAME
下例顯示匹配行和之前的2行數(shù)據(jù)
$ grep -B 2 "single WORD" demo_text
Example to show the difference between WORD and word
* 192.168.1.1 - single WORD
6.3顯示匹配行前后的N行
-C 顯示之前的n行，之后的n行數(shù)據(jù).
$ grep -C 2 "Example" demo_text
word - word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores.
Example to show the difference between WORD and word
* 192.168.1.1 - single WORD
7.通過(guò)GREP_OPTIONS高亮顯示搜索的字串
如果你希望搜索的字串高亮顯示在結(jié)果中，可以試用以下的辦法。
通過(guò)修改GREP_OPTIONS對(duì)搜索字串高亮顯示。
$ export GREP_OPTIONS='--color=auto' GREP_COLOR='100;8'
$ grep this demo_file
this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.
Two lines above this line is empty.
And this is the last line.
8. 用grep -r遞歸搜索全部的文件
如果想查找當(dāng)前目前以及其子目錄的全部文件時(shí)，可以使用 -r 選項(xiàng)。如下例
$ grep -r "ramesh" *
9. 使用grep -v進(jìn)行不匹配
可以使用-v選項(xiàng)顯示不匹配搜索字串的行。下例顯示demo_text文件中不包含“go”的行
$ grep -v "go" demo_text www.2cto.com
4. Vim Word Navigation
You may want to do several navigation in relation to the words, such as:
WORD - WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white space.
word - word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores.
Example to show the difference between WORD and word
* 192.168.1.1 - single WORD
* 192.168.1.1 - seven words.
10. 顯示不匹配全部模式的行
語(yǔ)法：
grep -v -e "pattern" -e "pattern"
創(chuàng)建如下例子文件
$ cat test-file.txt
a
b
c
d
$ grep -v -e "a" -e "b" -e "c" test-file.txt
d www.2cto.com
11.用grep -c 統(tǒng)計(jì)匹配的行數(shù)
語(yǔ)法：
grep -c "pattern" filename
$ grep -c "go" demo_text
6
統(tǒng)計(jì)不匹配的行數(shù)
$ grep -v -c this demo_file
4
12. 用grep -l 只顯示文件名
$ grep -l this demo_*
demo_file
demo_file1
13. 只顯示匹配的字串
缺省顯示匹配字串的所在行，可以使用-o選項(xiàng)只顯示匹配的字串。這項(xiàng)功能當(dāng)使用正則表達(dá)式時(shí)比較有用處。
$ grep -o "is.*line" demo_file
is line is the 1st lower case line
is line
is is the last line
14. 顯示匹配的位置
語(yǔ)法：
grep -o -b "pattern" file
$ cat temp-file.txt
12345
12345
$ grep -o -b "3" temp-file.txt
0:3
6:3
www.2cto.com
注意: 以上輸出顯示的不是行內(nèi)的位置，而是整個(gè)文件中的字節(jié)byte位置
15. 用 grep -n 在輸出時(shí)顯示行號(hào)
行號(hào)從1開(kāi)始
$ grep -n "go" demo_text
5: * e - go to the end of the current word.
6: * E - go to the end of the current WORD.
7: * b - go to the previous (before) word.
8: * B - go to the previous (before) WORD.
9: * w - go to the next word.
10: * W - go to the next WORD.
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Linux grep命令用法
