need的用法大全
need的用法大全
一.用作實(shí)義動詞
作為實(shí)義動詞,need后面的賓語可以是名詞、動名詞、動詞不定式或代詞,這種情況下,need既可用于肯定句,也可用于否定句和疑問句,構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句時(shí)要借助于助動詞do或does.
1.need sth.(表示“需要”或“必須”) 這是need最常見的用法之一,其后的賓語可以是名詞,也可以是代詞。如:
1). They don’t it any more. 他們不再需要它了。
2). Does your father need any help? 你爸爸需要幫助嗎?
3). We need a great deal of money now. 我們需要很多錢。
2.need doing 與 need to be done
need后面可跟動名詞作賓語,這種情況下應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn):
?、?主動形式的動名詞doing具有被動的含義;
?、?該動名詞可以改為其動詞不定式的被動形式而句子的意義不變。例如:
4). The door needs painting.
= The door needs to be painted. 那扇門需要油漆一下。
5). Your car needs mending.
= Your car needs to be repaired. 你的車需要維修了。
3.need to do sth.
作為實(shí)義動詞,need后面需要接帶to的動詞不定式,表示有義務(wù)或責(zé)任去做某事。如:
6). What do we need to take for the picnic? 野餐我們需要帶些什么?
7). Will we need to show our passports? 我們需要出示護(hù)照嗎?
8). You need to take good care of your mother. 你要好好照料你媽媽。
二.用作情態(tài)動詞
作為情態(tài)動詞的need具有情態(tài)動詞的一般性質(zhì),要充分闡釋作為情態(tài)動詞的need的用法,務(wù)必首先說明白情態(tài)動詞的特征。情態(tài)動詞的主要特征:
?、?沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。不論主語是第幾人稱,不論主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),情態(tài)都詞都無形式變化;
?、?不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語。情態(tài)動詞必須與一個(gè)實(shí)義動詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語,并且這個(gè)實(shí)意動詞要始終是動詞原形。
?、?變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí)只需在情態(tài)動詞之后加not。
?、?變?yōu)橐蓡柧鋾r(shí)只需將情態(tài)動詞提到主語的前面。
這是情態(tài)動詞的共性,作為情態(tài)動詞的need當(dāng)然也具有這些共性。了解了這些還不夠,還要掌握作為情態(tài)動詞need的一個(gè)個(gè)性,就是它只能用于否定句和疑問句,或用于由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,一般不能用于肯定句。理解了這些之后,我們便可以如此區(qū)分need的詞性了:只要need后面跟的是動詞原形,它就是情態(tài)動詞。這時(shí),變否定,只需在其后加not;變?yōu)橐蓡柧?,只需把它移主語的前面。例如:
9). Need I type this letter again? 我需要重新錄入將這封信嗎?
10). There is enough time. You needn’t hurry. 有的是時(shí)間,你不必著急。
11). The president wondered whether he need send more soldiers. 總統(tǒng)不知道他是否要增兵。
12). ---Must I hand in my homework now? 現(xiàn)在我必須交作業(yè)嗎? ---No, you needn’t. 不,你不必。
三.用作名詞
need作為名詞,含義為“缺乏,需要”;其復(fù)數(shù)表示“基本需要”。要掌握兩個(gè)詞組:in (great) need of(急需) 與meet the needs of(滿足……的需要)。例如:
13). There’s no need for you to try again. 你不必再嘗試了。
14). The factory is in great need of funds. 那家工廠急需資金。
15). This house of the 1790’s can even meet the needs of the 21st century. 這棟18世紀(jì)90年代的房子甚至能夠滿足21世紀(jì)的需要。
四.自我檢測
現(xiàn)在可能你很想知道你是否完全掌握了need的用法,請做下列練習(xí),進(jìn)行一次自我檢測,將正確答案填寫在題前的括號中。
( ) 1. You ______any help, do you?
A. don’t need B. needn’t C. need D. doesn’t need
( ) 2. ---Must I stay at the office this afternoon? ---No, you ______ A. don’t B. needn’t C. don’t need D. can’t
( ) 3. Tom ______get up a little earlier tomorrow.
A. needs B. need C. need to D. needs to
( ) 4. Need the doctor ________ with you tonight?
A. staying B. stay C. stays D. to stay
( ) 5. Look! Your shirt is so dirty. It________
A. need washing B. need to wash C. needs washing D. need wash
( ) 6. The supply can’t ________the demand.
A. meet need of B. meet the need of C. meet the needs of D. meet needs of
( ).7. The hospital is ________blood.
A. in great need of B. on great need of C. in great need with D. on great need with
( ) 8. Your room is full of dust. It ________
A. need clean B. need cleaning C. need to be cleaned D. needs to be cleaned
( ) 9. ________David________ anything to drink?
A. Need,…\ B. Needs,…\ C. Does… need D. Do… need
( ) 10. You ______ to the meeting tomorrow if you have something important to do.
A. needn’t to come B. don’t need come C. don’t need coming D. needn’t come
KEY: 1-5. ABDBC 6-10. CADCD