高中英語語法
高中英語語法
在高中英語寫作中,即使只是掌握一點點的語法,也會對你的英語寫作有很大的幫助。下面是學習啦小編給大家整理的高中英語語法的相關知識,供大家參閱!
高中英語語法:主謂一致
一.概念:
主謂一致是指:
1) 語法形式上要一致,即單復數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。
2) 意義上要一致,即主語意義上的單復數(shù)要與謂語的單復數(shù)形式一致。
3) 就近原則,即謂語動詞的單復形式取決于最靠近它的詞語,
一般來說,不可數(shù)名詞用動詞單數(shù),可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)用動詞復數(shù)。例如:
There is much water in the thermos.
但當不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。例如:
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
二.相關知識點精講
1.并列結構作主語時謂語用復數(shù),例如:
Reading and writing are very important. 讀寫很重要。
注意:當主語由and連結時,如果它表示一個單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時,謂語動詞用單數(shù),and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。例如:
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 鋼鐵工業(yè)對我們的生活有重要意義。
典型例題
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案B. 注: 先從時態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應用過去時,先排除A.,C。本題易誤選D,因為The League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個人,但仔細辨別,monitor 前沒有the,在英語中,當一人兼數(shù)職時只在第一個職務前加定冠詞。后面的職務用and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個人,所以應選B。
2. 主謂一致中的靠近原則
1)當there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時,謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致。例如:
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十個男孩,二十三個女孩。
2)當either… or… 與neither… nor,連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導,而主語又不止一個時,謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。例如:
Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你筆、信封和紙。
3.謂語動詞與前面的主語一致
當主語有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞組成的短語時,謂語動詞與前面的主語部分一致。例如:
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學生在參觀工廠。
He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去劃船。
4. 謂語需用單數(shù)的情況
1)代詞each以及由every, some, no, any等構成的復合代詞作主語時,或主語中含有each, every時, 謂語需用單數(shù)。例如:
Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我們每人都有錄音機。
There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表壞了。
2)當主語是一本書或一條格言時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。例如:
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜譚》是英語愛好者熟悉的一本書。
3)表示金錢,時間,價格或度量衡的復合名詞作主語時,通常把這些名詞看作一個整體,謂語一般用單數(shù)。例如:
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三個星期來做準備。
Ten yuan is enough. 十元夠了。
5.指代意義決定謂語的單復數(shù)
1)代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復數(shù)決定。例如:
All is right. 一切順利。
All are present. 人都到齊了。
2)集體名詞作主語時,謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式時強調這個集體中的各個成員,用單數(shù)時強調該集體的整體。例如:
His family isn't very large. 他家成員不多。
His family are music lovers. 他家個個都是音樂愛好者。
但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復數(shù)形式。例如:
Are there any police around? 附近有警察嗎?
3)有些名詞,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時看作單數(shù),有時看作復數(shù)。例如:
A number of +名詞復數(shù)+復數(shù)動詞。
The number of +名詞復數(shù)+單數(shù)動詞。
A number of books have lent out.
The majority of the students like English.
6.與后接名詞或代詞保持一致的情況
1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主語時,謂語動詞通常與of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如:
Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的錢化在書上了。
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分學生積極參與體育運動。
2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。例如: A series of accidents has been reported. 媒體報道了一連串的事故。
A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 爐邊有一堆木柴。
3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的短語作主語時,謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than… of 作主語時,動詞應與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如:
Many a person has read the novel. 許多人讀過這本書。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學生來自這個城市。
高中英語語法:動詞不定式
一.相關知識點精講:1. 不定式作補語
有些有動詞+賓語+不定式的結構。例如:
advise
allow
cause
challenge
command
compel
drive 驅使
enable
encourage
forbid
force
impel
induce
instruct
invite
like/love
order
permit
make
let
have
want
get
warn
persuade
request
send
tell
train
urge
例如;
father will not allow us to play on the street. 父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。
the officer ordered his men to fire. 長官命令士兵開火。
注意:有些動詞如make,have,get,want等可用不定式作做賓補,也可用分詞作賓補。現(xiàn)在分詞表達主動,也表達正在進行,過去分詞表達被動。
2) 有些有動詞+賓語+不定式的結構,不定式的動詞往往是be,不定式一般可以省去。例如:
consider find
believe
think
declare(聲稱)
appoint
guess
fancy(設想)
高中英語語法:動名詞
概念
動名詞由動詞原形+ing構成,是一種非謂語動詞形式
相關知識點精講:
1.作主語。例如:
fighting broke out between the south and the north. 南方與北方開戰(zhàn)了。
2.作賓語
a. 有些動詞可以用動名詞作賓語。例如:
admit 承認 appreciate 感激
avoid 避免
complete完成
consider認為
delay 耽誤
deny 否認
detest 討厭
endure 忍受
escape 逃脫
fancy 想象
finish 完成
imagine 想象
mind 介意
miss 想念
postpone推遲
practice 訓練
recall 回憶
resent 討厭
resume 繼續(xù)
resist 抵抗
risk 冒險
suggest 建議
face 面對
include 包括
stand 忍受
understand 理解
forgive 寬恕
keep 繼續(xù)
例如:would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音機音量調小一點,好嗎
the squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 這松鼠幸運得很,剛逃避了被逮住的厄運。
b. 有些結構后面可以用動名詞作賓語或其他成分。例如:
admit to prefer…to
be used to
lead to
devote oneself to
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