英語語法講解
學習也要語法,如果老師上課講解的不是很清楚,那么你私下里也要去問一下老師。下面是學習啦小編給大家整理的英語語法講解的相關知識,供大家參閱!
英語語法講解:詞類
英語中主要有:名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、連接詞、冠詞等。對于初學者,必須搞清。
1、名詞(包括代詞和數(shù)詞):在句子中作主語、賓語、表語和另一名詞的形容詞。
2、動詞:見第二講
3、形容詞:可在句子中作表語阿、名詞的定語
注意: 以下-ly結尾的詞不是副詞,是形容詞: friendly (友好的) lovely(可愛的) deadly(致命的) costly(昂貴的) likely(可能的) lonely(孤獨的) alone (單獨的) lively(活潑的) ugly(丑陋的) kindly(和藹的) manly(男子氣的)等
4、副詞:主要用來說明動詞、形容詞和副詞本身。
注意:除了in, up, down, on, inside, outside. 等只有一些表示方向和位置的副詞外,副詞不能作表語。
例如:Please help me water these flowers when I am out. (我不在時請幫我澆澆花。)
5、介詞:又稱前置詞,即放在名詞前面的"小詞".
注意:
1)介詞后面一定是個名詞(除習慣外),例如不能說:because of ill,而應該為:because of illness;
2)介詞后面不能跟that從句,即只能跟名詞或帶-wh開頭的從句,這是英語語法的一條重要規(guī)則,如不能說:He did not come to the party because of he was ill. 但可以是:She got angry because of what he said. (她因他的話而生氣了。)
6、連接詞:用來連接兩個或兩個以上詞或句子的詞。
注意:英語中一般不能同時使用兩個連接詞,如不能說:Although he is very rich, but he is not happy. (只要將although 或but去掉一個即可)
關于連接詞的使用,詳見"第三講:句子的連接"一節(jié)。
7、冠詞:用來限定名詞的詞,分不定冠詞a (an) 和定冠詞 the, 英語中的冠詞使用十分復雜,簡單地說:
1) 不可數(shù)名詞前不能用a (an)
2) 第一次提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞用a (n)
3) 能用what, who, which回答的名詞用the,即3W原則
the teacher and the student / the patient and the doctor結構中的the可以表示泛指
詞性不是一成不變的,是由其在句子中的位子和功能決定的。
如:She has gone home. (home為副詞)
Is she at home? (home 為名詞)
She looked at me patiently. (look為行為動詞) She looked pale. (look為連系動詞)
英語語法講解:量詞的使用
由于英語中名詞分可數(shù)與不可數(shù),量詞的使用也有區(qū)別:
修飾可數(shù)名詞
(a) few / fewer / fewest
many / more / most
a great (good) many
many a
a number of
the number of
既可修飾可數(shù)名詞 也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞
a lot of / lots of
plenty of (time, money, people)
修飾不可數(shù)名詞
(a) little / less / least
much / more / most
a great (good) deal of
an amount of / amounts of
the amount of
量詞使用中應注意的幾個問題:
1) 分清可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞是前提;
2) 不要把量詞的形式搞混淆了:下面哪個表達形式是對的?
A. A lot students have come back from the summer holiday.
B. A few of the students have come back from the summer holiday.
C. A great many of students have come back from the summer holiday.
D. Many a student has have come back from the summer holiday.
E. The number of students have come back from the summer holiday.
F. A number of students have come back from the summer holiday.
以上六個表達方式中只有F 是對的。為什么?
A. a lot students → a lot of students
B. a few of the students → a few students
C. a great many of students → a great many students
D. Many a student has come back from the summer holiday.
E. The number of 表示數(shù)目,如:The number of the students in our class is 50.
A number of 表示"一些","不少",認真對比一下,看出問題來了嗎?
問多少錢、多少重量時用:How much…?問距離時用:How far is it from…to…?
英語語法講解:名詞的數(shù)
1、名詞的可數(shù)和不可數(shù):
與漢語不同,英語中名詞要區(qū)分可數(shù)與不可數(shù)。
籠統(tǒng)地講,物質名詞,如:water(水), iron(鐵), wood(木頭)等, 和抽象名詞,如:democracy(民主), freedom(自由), happiness(幸福)等為不可數(shù)。
不可數(shù)名詞前不能加a (an),后面不能加s (es),這是考試中對此類題目判斷的重要依據(jù)。
2、以下名詞為不可數(shù)名詞:
news(消息) information(信息)
furniture (家具) equipment(設備)
advice (勸告) weather(天氣)
work*(工作) clothing(衣服)
baggage(行李)
work作 "工作" 解釋時為不可數(shù)名詞,"找工作"不能說to find a work, 應為to find a job; work作"著作"、"作品"解時是可數(shù)名詞,如:Deng Xiaopin's works (鄧小平著作)/ a work about Deng Xiaopin (一件關于鄧小平的作品);作 "工廠" 解釋時,單復數(shù)同形:a steel works (一個鋼鐵廠) / two chemical works(兩家化工廠)
實例:
We have a large staff but there ______ in the office.
A. haven't many furnitures
B. aren't many furnitures
C. hasn't much furniture
D. isn't enough furniture
解題思路:根據(jù)名詞數(shù)的概念A、B肯定錯,不必考慮;C、D的主要差異是"hasn't"與 "isn't", 句子中有there,說明該句是there be句型,故正確答案為D.題中staff, office 等詞與解題無關。
注意辨別句子中斜體詞的數(shù)及其意義:
There is still much room for improvement. (仍有許多改進的余地)
He has published two important papers on this subject. (他在這個課題上已發(fā)表了兩篇重要論文。)
3、以下名詞單復數(shù)同形:
means(手段) headquarters(司令部)
works(工廠) species(物種)
aircraft(飛機) Chinese(中國人)
sheep(羊) fish(魚)
中國的計量單位:li(里), yuan(元), mu(畝)等
實例:
Every means has been tried out, but without satisfactory results. (每個方法都試過了,但結果不令人滿意。)
4、形式上是復數(shù)的學科名稱,如physics , statistics, dynamics 作單數(shù)看待;時間、距離、鈔票、重量等復數(shù),可以看作一個整體作單數(shù)處理,如:Two days is not enough for me to finish the task. (要我完成此項任務兩天是不夠的。)
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