英語語法學(xué)習(xí)
關(guān)于英語語法的學(xué)習(xí)方面，剛開始接觸的話肯定是要從最簡(jiǎn)單的學(xué)起的。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的英語語法學(xué)習(xí)的相關(guān)知識(shí)，供大家參閱!
英語語法學(xué)習(xí)：英語中的語氣的種類
陳述語氣
表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是客觀存在的、確定的或符合事實(shí)的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句中。如：Iraq is an Asian country. 伊拉克是亞洲國(guó)家。(肯定句)The US and British armies did not start the Second Gulf War until March 20,2003.美英聯(lián)軍直到2003年3月20日才發(fā)動(dòng)第二次海灣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。(否定句)Who was it that they want to help? 他們想要幫忙的人到底是誰呀?(疑問句)How interesting my stay in China has been! 我在中國(guó)的日子過的真有趣!(感嘆句)
祈使語氣
表示說話人對(duì)對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求、警告，建議或命令。如：
Please come over here. 請(qǐng)到這邊來。Would you be so kind as to lend me a hand? 請(qǐng)幫個(gè)忙好嗎?Watch your steps! 當(dāng)心!(走路)Never be late again! 再也不要遲到了。
虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣表示說話人的主觀愿望、猜疑、建議或與事實(shí)不符的假設(shè)等，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語氣是由句中的謂語從句的特殊形式表示出來的。如：
If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鳥，我就能在空中飛行。I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通過考試。May you succeed! 祝你成功!If only we had been college students last year! 上一年我們要是大學(xué)生該多好!
英語語法學(xué)習(xí)：虛擬語氣的其它表達(dá)形式
1.用介詞或介詞短語表示虛擬條件
常用的介詞或介詞短語主要有without(沒有)，but for(要不是)，in the absence of(如果沒有)或were it not for(要是沒有)，but that(假設(shè)……不)等。例如：Without electricity, there would not be modern industry.
But for the leadership of the Party, we couldn't live such a happy life.
In the absence of gravity, there would be no air around the earth.
Example:
Without gravity, we ______ able to walk.
a. were b. should be c. can be d. should not be
Were it not for the atmosphere, the stars ______ shining at any time in the day.
a. be seen b. can be seen
c. could be seen d. could have been seen
2.用動(dòng)詞不定式表示虛擬條件
It would be a shame to stop our work half-way.
It would take about 125 million of molecules of water to form a row an inch long.
如果要排成一寸長(zhǎng)就需要大約一億二千五百萬個(gè)水分子。
Example:
It ______ better to think independently.
a. goes b. looks c. would be d. shall be
3.通過上下文表示虛擬條件
常用的連接詞有or, otherwise, but等。例如：
I was very busy yesterday. Otherwise I would have come to see you.
The worn parts have been replaced at the proper time, or a damage might have happened.
磨損的部件及時(shí)更換了，否則就會(huì)發(fā)生破壞。虛擬語氣的其它表達(dá)形式
Example:
He went on foot, but he ______ by bus.
a. might go b. should be gone
c. could have gone d. ought have gone
The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I ______ here 50 minutes sooner.
a. would have been b. would be
c. should be d. had been
4.虛擬語氣用在...would(或had)rather(或would just as soon)+ 從句的句式中，表示與事實(shí)相反的愿望。從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去式。例如：
I would rather you stayed here.
I would rather that you didn't do anything.
I'd just as soon you didn't go there.
Example:
I'd just as soon ______ those important papers with you.
a. that you won't take b. your not taking
c. please don't you take d. you didn't take
I'd rather you ______ anything about it for the time being.
a. do b. didn't do c. don't d. didn't
5.虛擬語氣用在...had hoped that...句型中，表示過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，意為“原本希望...”，從句謂語用would + 原形動(dòng)詞。例如：
I had hoped that she would answer my letter.
We had hoped that you would change your mind.
His father had hoped that he would be a scientist.
Example:
Tom's father had hoped that he ______ into business with him.
a. would go b. would have gone
c. went d. had gone
6.虛擬語氣用在had better, had best, had rather, would sooner, would rather, would have句型中，后接原形動(dòng)詞。例如：
You had better close the window.
I would rather stay at home.
You had best leave her alone.
Would you have me tell her a lie?
If you don't mind, I'd rather not see the play.
I had rather put the books on the desk.
Liu Hu Lan would sooner die than surrender.
Example:
I ______ do that if I were given the choice.
a. would rather not b. rather not
c. do not rather d. would not rather
“I haven't felt well for a week.” “You ______ see a doctor.”
a. had ought to b. had better
c. should have to d. had rather
______ do it myself than try to persuade a stubborn fellow like you.
a. I'd rather b. I'd better
c. I rather d. I'd like
練習(xí)：
1.I would rather ______ a book than watch TV.
a. read b. reading c. to read d. have read
2.You were late again this morning. I think you had better ______ on time.
a. to start to be b. start being
c. started being d. to be
3.She ______ into the water but that I caught her.
a. would fall b. would have fallen
c. has fallen d. wouldn't fall
4.He had hopped that his son _____ an engineer.
a. will be b. be c. is d. would be
5. I would just as soon ______ those heavy boxes with you.
a. that you won't take b. your not taking
c. please don't you take d. you didn't take
6.I did not call to make my airline reservation, but I _____.
a. must have b. may have c. should have d. shall have
7. ______ your advice, I would never have got the job.
a. But for b. As for c. Apart from d. Except for
8. With all this work on hand, he ______ TV last night.
a. mustn't watch
b. shouldn't have watched
c. wouldn't watch
d. ought not to watch
9.He must have missed the train, or he ______ here then.
a. should be b. would be
c. would have been d. had to be
10.Without electronic computers, much of today's advanced technology ______ achieved.
a. must have been b. could have been
c. should have d. would not have been
11. I was in a hurry that day. Otherwise I ______ to talk to you.
a.had stopped b. would have stopped
c. stopped d. had to stop
12. “I'm surprised to learn that you're going back to Chicago.”
“Yes. I'd hoped that I ______ have to go back again, but I do.”
a. don't b. won't c. hadn't d. wouldn't
13. Better ______ the butcher than the doctor.
a. to pay b. pay c. paying d. paid
14. I would have come sooner but I ______ that you were waiting.
a. didn't know b. hadn't known
c. haven't known d. couldn't have known
15. You had better ______ so many questions.
a. not to ask b. ask not c. not ask d. not asking
16. “John wants to see you today.” “I would rather he ______ tomorrow than today.”
a. comes b. came c. has come d. should come
17. Life today ______ very different without iron and steel.
a. would be b. is not c. will be d. has been
18. It ______ wrong not to take this into consideration.
a. is said b. will be c. would be d. can be
19. I would sooner not _____ here.
a. have waited b. waiting c. waited d. wait
20. Time is running out. Hadn't we better______?
a. got started b. got start
c. get started d. to get starting
英語語法學(xué)習(xí)：虛擬語氣用在wish后的賓語從句中
虛擬語氣用在wish后的賓語從句中，(常常省去連詞that)，表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。
1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望
構(gòu)成：
主語 + wish (that) + 從句主語 + 動(dòng)詞過去式 (be 一律用were)
例如：
I wish I knew everything in the world.
I wish that the experiment were a success.
We wish we had wings. 我們希望有翅膀。
Example:
I wish it ______ not so cold outside.
A. shall be B. be C. were D. is
I wish I ______ you better.
A. know B. knew C. will know D. have known
2.表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望
構(gòu)成：
主語 + wish (that) + 從句主語 + would/could + have + 過去分詞或had + 過去分詞
例如：
I wish that you had called yesterday.
I wish that I could have gone with you last night.
I didn't go to the party, but I do wish I had been there.
Example:
I wish you ______ such a great deal of fuss.
A. were not caused B. had not caused
C. have not caused D. are not caused
I wish that you ______ such a bad headache because I'm sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.
A. hadn't had B. hadn't
C. didn't have D. hadn't have
3.表示將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望
構(gòu)成：
主語 + wish (that) + 從句主語 + would/should/could/might + 原形動(dòng)詞
例如：
I wish that he could try again.
I wish that someday I should live on the moon.
We wish that they would come soon.
Example:
I wish that we ______ with my brother when he flies to England next week.
A. could go B. had gone C. will go D. are going
EXERCISE
1. I wish you ______ like that.
a. don't talk b. wouldn't talk
c. won't talk d. not to talk
2. I wish I _____ how to operate the machine.
a. have known b. know
c. can know d. knew
3. He is not a millionaire but he _____ he were.
a. wishes b. hopes c. longs d. believes
4. I wish that I ______ visit my uncle the day after tomorrow.
a. shall b. have c. would d. am going to
5. I wish it ______ spring all the year round.
a. will be b. were c. be d. is
6. I wish I _____ to that university with you yesterday.
a. would go b. went c. did go d. had gone
7.I left very early last night, but I wish I ______ so early.
a. didn't leave b. hadn't left
c. haven't left d. couldn't leave
8.Nancy sometimes wishes that she ______ in the big city.
a. was not living b. did not lived
c. were not living d. does not live
9.James wishes he ______ the football game instead of the film.
a. had seen b. saw c. had been seen d. see
10. While you're here, I wish ______ have a look around the house.
a. you'll b. you've c. you'd d. you better
11.Looking back on it, I wish you ______ me first.
a. asked b. have asked c. ask d. had asked
12.“Do you want me to lend you some money?”
“I wish you ______. I would pay you back next week.”
a. should b. would c. did d. might
13.I wished it ______ but it did.
a. had not occurred b. would not occur
c. was not occurred d. did not occur
14.He didn't go to her birthday party, but he does wish he ______ there.
a. has been b. would be
c. had been d. would have been
15.“These typewritten papers are very neat.”
“I wish I ______ type too, but I don't know how.”
a. can b. may c. will d. could
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