9b英語語法講解
9b英語語法講解
這里針對9b英語語法的相關(guān)知識，進(jìn)行了一定的講解。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的9b英語語法，供大家參閱!
9b英語語法：從屬連詞
① 連詞類型
從屬連詞用來引導(dǎo)從句。常見的從屬連詞有：
(1)引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。
(2)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的if, unless等。
(3)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的because, as, since等。
(4)引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的so that。
(5)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的though, although, even though等。
(6)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的so that, so„that, such„that等。
(7)引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的than, as„as等。
(8)引導(dǎo)名詞從句的that, if , whether等。
② 連詞辨析
(1) while, when, as
這三個連詞都可引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，但用法有所不同。
1) 當(dāng)某事正在進(jìn)行的時候，又發(fā)生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用來引導(dǎo)表示“背景”的時間狀語從句。例如：
As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.
2) 當(dāng)兩個長動作同時進(jìn)行的時候，最常用的是while。例如：
While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.
3)當(dāng)兩個短動作同時發(fā)生，表示“一邊„一邊”時，最常用的是as。例如： She looked behind from time to time as she went
4) 當(dāng)從句是瞬間動作，主句是延續(xù)性動作時，通常用when。例如：
When John arrived，I was cooking lunch.
(2)as, because, since , for
這四個詞都可表原因，但用法有區(qū)別。
1) 如果原因構(gòu)成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引導(dǎo)的從句往往放在句末。例如：
I stayed at home because it rained.
2) 如果原因已被人們所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。since比as稍微正式一點。as和since 引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句子的開頭。例如： As he wasn’t ready, we left without him.
Since I have no money, I can’t buy any food.
3) for用來補充說明一種理由，因此，for引導(dǎo)的從句幾乎可以放在括號里。For引導(dǎo)的句子不放在句子的開頭。例如：
I decided to stop and have lunch----for I was feeling quite hungry.
(3)if, whether
在引導(dǎo)一般疑問句充當(dāng)?shù)馁e語從句時，皆可用。例如：
I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.
在下列情況下，只能用whether,不能用if：
1) 引導(dǎo)主語從句時。例如：
Whether he will come to the party is unknown.
2) 引導(dǎo)表語從句時。例如：
The question is whether I can pass the exam.
3) 在不定式前。例如：
I haven’t decided whether to go there or not.
9b英語語法：賓語從句的種類
1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。that只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個成分。例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
(二)賓語從句的語序
賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
(三)賓語從句的時態(tài)
1. 如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句該用什么時態(tài)就用什么時態(tài)。 如： I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2. 如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)(一般過去時， 過去進(jìn)行時， 過去將來時，過去完成時)。例如：
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3. 如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
9b英語語法：定語從句
一、定語從句的概念
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
二、定語從句的關(guān)系詞
引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that,
which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關(guān)系副詞包where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。
三、定語從句的分類
根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去,非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開,起補充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、關(guān)系代詞的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(that作賓語)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)
注意:(1)當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時,只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。
(2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例
如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個人。
(3)that 作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。
(4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況:
a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。
b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?
c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。 d. 先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?
f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。
(5)關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:
a.先行詞為that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么? b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。
c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。
五、關(guān)系副詞的用法
(1)when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,在句中作時間狀語。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時間。
(2)where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,在句中作地點狀語。例如: This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。
(3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。
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