六級英語語法
六級英語語法主要講的是哪方面的,不管怎么說,基礎的語法是逃不過的。下面是學習啦小編給大家整理的六級英語語法,供大家參閱!
六級英語語法:定語從句
1.先行詞為all, anything, something, nothing, everything, much, little, none等不定代詞時,關系代詞一般只用that,不用which。在大多數(shù)情況下that可以省略.
Please tell me everything (that) you know about the matter.
2.as引出的限制性定語從句
在such …as的結構中as可作關系代詞,引出限制性定語從句。有時和same連用,在從句中可作主語、賓語或表語等。
Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.
3.as引出的非限制性定語從句
as可作關系代詞引出非限制性定語從句,代替整個主句,通常譯為“(正)如…一樣”,“(正)象…一樣”等。as引導的從句一般用逗號與主句隔開,可以位于主句的前面、中間或后面.
I live a long way from work, as you know.
4.分隔式定語從句
定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后,但有時會被其他句子成分與先行詞隔開,從而構成分隔式定語從句。
The days are gone when power politics worked.
5.介詞+關系代詞(which/whom等)引出的定語從句
如果關系代詞(which/whom等)在定語從句中作介詞的賓語,那么這個介詞可以提到從句前,構成“介詞+關系代詞(which/whom等)+定語從句”。在這種結構中關系代詞不可以用that。
This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.
6.關系代詞在限制性定語從句中??梢允÷?一般有以下幾種情況:
1) 關系代詞在從句中作直接賓語時,在大多數(shù)情況下可以省略。
This is something (that) you must always keep in mind.
關系代詞作介詞賓語時,介詞位于句尾時關系代詞可以省略;介詞位于關系代詞之前時則關系代詞不能省略。
This is the room (which) Churchill was born in.
2) 關系代詞作主語時一般不能省略,但如果關系代詞在由there …be存在句構成的定語從句中作主語時??墒÷?。
This is the only book (that) there is on this subject.
3) 在way后面的定語從句中in which或that通常省略。
That’s the way (that/in which) I look at it.
7.非限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞或整個主句,起補充說明的作用,如果省略掉,原句句意仍保持完整。非限制性定語從句要用逗號與主句隔開,其引導詞不能用that。非限制性定語從句屬于正式語體。經常考到的非限制性定語從句有以下三種。
1)由which、as引導的非限制性定語從句。which、as代表整個主句。
He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.
2)由 “介詞+關系代詞”引導的非限制性定語從句。
He sent her a letter, in which he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.
3)由 “數(shù)詞、代詞或名詞+of +關系代詞”引導的非限制性定語從句。
He had three sons, one of whom was my son’s classmate.
六級英語語法:狀語從句
1) 時間狀語從句
時間狀語從句主要由以下連詞引導:when, whenever, as, while, since, until, till, before, after, as soon as, once, hardly (scarcely) …when, no sooner …than。
I will discuss the matter with you when we meet tomorrow.
時間狀語從句還可由某些可充當連詞的名詞(the moment, the instant, every time,等)和副詞(instantly, directly等)引導:
I will tell you the news the instant I know.
Note:
?、賐efore除了可表示“在…之前”外,還可用來強調主句所表達的時間、距離很長或花費的力量相比較大,可譯為“…才”。(“not …before”可用來強調主句所表達的時間、距離很短或花費的力量相比較小,可譯為“…就”)。
It was a long time before I got to sleep again.
②如果位于when引導的分句之前的主句使用過去進行時、過去完成時或“was/were about to, was/were on the point of”等結構時,when表示突然發(fā)生某事,可譯為“正在…突然”或“剛…就”等。這時,不能夠用as或while來代替when。
I was walking on the street when I ran into my old friend John.
2) 條件狀語從句
條件狀語從句主要由以下連詞引導:if, unless, providing/provided (that), suppose/supposing (that), on condition (that), as/so long as, in case等。
So long as you work hard, you will surely achieve good results in examinations.
3) 讓步狀語從句
讓步狀語從句主要由以下連詞引導:though, although, even if, even though, whatever, however, whoever, wherever, no matter how/ what/ where/ when等。以下介紹幾種較特殊的讓步狀語從句。
(1)while引導的讓步狀語從句多放在句首,while相當于although,表示“盡管”,“雖然”。
While I admit I did it, I didn’t intend to.
(2)短語“even now/then/so”相當于“though it is/was true”,表示“盡管如此”,“盡管這樣”。
The fire was out, but even so, the smell of smoke was strong.
(3) as引導的讓步狀語從句要倒裝。
Child as he was, he could speak four languages.
4) 比較狀語從句
比較狀語從句主要由以下連詞引導:(not) as …as, (not) the same as, (not) such …as, not so …as, than, the + 比較級…, the +比較級…等。
We have had a lot more rainfall this year than we had last year.
六級英語語法:名詞性從句
1.什么是名詞性從句
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 (Nominal Clauses)。 名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
2.主語從句
作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由下列詞引導:
1)由what、Whatever、Whoever等代詞引導的主語從句: what表示“…所…的(東西)”, 在結構上等于一個名詞加一個定語從句; whatever表示“所…的一切”; whoever表示“一切…的人”。例如:
What is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad。
Whatever was said here must be kept secret。
Whoever fails to see this will make a big blunder。
2)由連詞that引起的主語從句: 這類主語從句在大多數(shù)情況下都放到句子后部去, 而用代詞it做形式上的主語,在口語中連詞that有時可以省略掉:
例如:
That we need more equipment is quite obvious。
It doesn’t seem likely that she will be here。
It’s a pity you missed such a fine talk。
3)由連接代詞或連接副詞how,when,where,why(或whether)引起的主語從句: 這類主語從句, 也可以放到句子后部去, 前面用it做形式上的主語。
例如:
When we shall have our sports meet is still a question。
It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet。
3.賓語從句
名詞從句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯(lián)詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。
1)用whether或if引導的賓語從句,其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語序。此外,whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if:
例如:
if與whether都可以與or not連用,但后面緊跟著or not時只能用whether;
We didn't know whether or not she was ready。(此時只能用whether)
I wonder whether/if the news is true or not。(此時則二者都可以用)
后接動詞不定式時,用whether;
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留?
2) 用that引導的從句作賓語的情形最為普遍, 由連接詞that引導賓語從句時,that在句中不擔任任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如果從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。
例如:
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經告訴我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認為自己什么都好,別人什么都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后,賓語從句常用“(should)+ 動詞原形”。
3)用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關聯(lián)詞引導的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句,應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。
例如:
I just can’t imagine how he could have done such a thing。
Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人,她都會給予熱情的支持。
以上就是為大家總結的名詞性從句中主語從句與表語從句的基本語法知識,考生可以認真掌握,千萬不要被繞暈哦!其實名詞性從句知識點都多少有點想通,掌握一項的規(guī)律,另一項也能相對有所了解,希望大家趕快找到自己學習語法的方法吧!
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