英語疑問句語法解析
英語疑問句語法解析
關(guān)于疑問句在英語中的語法知識點,我們主要看看哪些是比較常見的。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的英語疑問句語法解析,供大家參閱!
英語疑問句語法解析:陳述句變一般疑問句的方法
用yes或no來回答的疑問句,一般疑問句用升調(diào)。陳述句變?yōu)橐蓡柧鋾r分三種情況:
1. 陳述句中有系動詞be、助動詞be, have / has, do, will, would, shall, should, had或情態(tài)動詞can, could, may, might, must, dare, need, ought時,將這些系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞移到句首,并在句末加上問號。如:
I'll go to the History Museum this afternoon. — Will you go to the History Museum this afternoon? 今天下午你去了歷史博物館嗎?
I visited Beijing last month. — Did you visit Beijing last month? 上個月你參觀了北京嗎?
在對疑問句進(jìn)行回答時,須注意:
(1) 當(dāng)回答could, would所提的問題時,一般用can, will. 如:
—Could you help me with my homework this evening? —Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
—Would you go there right now? —Yes, I will. / No, I won't.
在對方向你表示邀請時,可用OK, sorry等來替代Yes,No.
(2) 在對用may所提問題的否定回答時,一般用mustn't / can't;而在對用 must所提的問題進(jìn)行否定回答時,一般用needn't / don't have to. 如:
—May I use your bike now? —Yes, you may. / No, you can't. (mustn't)
—Must I stay at school this afternoon? —Yes, you must. / No, you needn't (don't have to).
2. 原陳述中沒有系動詞be、助動詞be, have / has, do, will, would, shall, should had或情態(tài)動詞can, could, may, might, must, dare, need, ought時,則在句首加助動詞Do的適當(dāng)形式,同時,將謂語動詞變?yōu)樵蝿釉~。如:
We speak Chinese. — Do you speak Chinese? 你講漢語嗎?
I went shopping yesterday. —Did you go shopping yesterday? 昨天你去買東西了嗎?
3. 原陳述句中,若謂語動詞是have / has, 則須考慮have / has的意義。如果have / has是“有”的意義時,變?yōu)橐蓡柧鋾r,既可在句首加Do的適當(dāng)形式,也可將have / has,提到句首。如:
He has a beautiful pen. —Has he a beautiful pen? / does he have a beautiful pen? 他有一只漂亮的鋼筆嗎?
但若have / has,的意思不是“有”時,變?yōu)橐蓡柧鋾r,則必須在句手加Do的適當(dāng)形式。如
I have lunch at home. —Do you have lunch at home? 你在家吃中飯嗎?
We had a meeting last night. —Did you have a meeting last night? 昨天晚上你開會了嗎?
(4) 原陳述句中有情態(tài)動詞used to時,它的一般疑問句,可將used移到句首;也可在句首加Did 。如(from www.yygrammar.com):
I used to go swimming in the river. —Did you use to go swimming in the river? / Used you to go swimming in the river? 你過去常常去那條河里游泳嗎?
(5) 當(dāng)心need, dare兩個動詞。這兩個動詞既可以做情態(tài)動詞又可以做行為動詞。做情態(tài)動詞時,直接將它們移到句首。此時,若用need的問句,肯定回答時用must,否定回答時,用needn't。若作行為動詞,則用Do的適當(dāng)?shù)男问教釂?。如?/p>
—Need I come here tomorrow?—Yes, you must. / No, you needn't.
—I need to go to school now. —Do you need to go to school now?
—Dare you tell your father about it?
—Do you dare to go out at night?
英語疑問句語法解析:which, what與who的用法有何區(qū)別
1. which 和 what 均可與名詞連用,表示對人或物提出疑問(但 who 不能這樣用)。一般說來,當(dāng)選擇范圍較小或比較明確時,用which; 當(dāng)選擇范圍較或不明確時用what。如:
Which is bigger, the sun or the earth? 太陽和地球哪個大?
What writers do you like? 你喜歡哪些作家?
注意,以上區(qū)別只是一般原則,并不絕對。如也可說:
Which writers do you like? 你喜歡哪些作家?
Which [What] will it be—tea or coffee? 這會是什么──茶還是咖啡?
2. which, what, who 均可用作代詞(即其后不跟名詞)。關(guān)于 which 和 what的和法區(qū)別跟上面的分析相似。這里只談?wù)?who 的用法:who 一般只用來指人,不管選擇范圍大還是小,明確還是不明確均可用(當(dāng)選擇范圍比較明確且用作賓語時 who 也可用或 which 或 which one 代之)。如:
Who won—Tom or Mike? 誰贏了─湯姆還是邁克?
Who is your favourite poet? 你最喜歡的詩人是誰?
Who [Which, Which one] do you like best—your father or your mother?你更喜歡誰──父親還母親?
3. 正由于 what 和 who 的選擇范圍可以很大或不明確,所以其后可以跟else,但一般不跟表示特定范圍的 of 短語;which 的選擇范圍相對比較小或明確,所以其后一般不接else,但卻常 of 與短語連用。如:
Who [What] else did you see there? 你在那兒還看到了別人的什么人什么東西?
Which of the three girls is the oldest? 這三個女孩中哪個年紀(jì)最大?
不過,以上說的也是一般情況,有時也有例外,如有時也說:
Who of you three first thought of this? 你們?nèi)酥姓l最先想到這一點?
英語疑問句語法解析:介詞與疑問詞搭配的幾種類型
1、當(dāng)提問使用含有動詞+介詞小品詞的wh-疑問句時,通常把介詞小品詞放在句末:
Who(m) are you going with? 你同誰一起走?
What are you looking at? 你在看什么?
Where did you get that suit from? 你從哪兒買到那套衣服的?
How on earth can I get these shoes on? 我到底怎樣才能把這雙鞋子穿上呢?
2、在非常正式的英語里,介詞可以放在疑問詞之前:
To whom should I apply for more information? 我應(yīng)該向誰詢問更多的情況?
In which hall will the recital be given? 獨唱會在哪個廳里舉行呢?
3、在簡略疑問句里介詞跟在疑問詞后面:
We're off on holiday tomorrow. 一Where to? 我們明天動身去度假。——到哪兒去?
Will you beat these eggs for me? 一What with? 你替我攪拌這些雞蛋好嗎?——用什么攪拌?
I want to leave this parcel. 一Who for? 我想把這個包裹留下。——留給誰?
英語疑問句語法解析:反意疑問句的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)
一、反意疑問句的基本概念
表示問話人有一定看法,但不是完全肯定,需要對方證實;有時說話人還會用反意疑問句來加強(qiáng)陳述句的語氣,并不要求對方回答。反意疑問句前面的陳述句部分用逗號和降調(diào),疑問部分用問號,表示疑問時用升調(diào),用來加強(qiáng)語氣時用降調(diào)。
He is a student, isn't he? 他是學(xué)生,是不是?(表示疑問,用升調(diào))
The play is interesting, isn't it? 這部戲很有趣,不是嗎?(加強(qiáng)語氣,用降調(diào))
二、反意疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)
反意疑問句由兩部分組成,前一部分是一個陳述句,后一部分是一個省略的疑問句。如果陳述句是肯定的,反意疑問句用否定;如果陳述句是否定的,反意疑問句用肯定的。反意疑問句通常由兩個詞組成,第一個詞是be、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞,若是否定式,not通常要用簡略形式;第二個詞是人稱代詞主格(與陳述句的主語相同) 。如:
Kate and Joan can swim, can't they? 凱特和瓊會游泳,是不是?
Tom won't come, will he? 湯姆不會來,對嗎?
三、反意疑問句的回答
要用yes或no回答,回答的內(nèi)容是肯定的就用yes,回答的內(nèi)容是否定的就用no,這與漢語不完全相同,同學(xué)們要特別注意。如:
—You will never forget him, will you? 你永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記他,是嗎?
—Yes, I will. 不,我會忘記。
—No, I won't. 是的,我不會忘記他。
英語疑問句語法解析:反意疑問句的回答方法
1. 肯定反意疑問句的回答
當(dāng)陳述部分為否定式,反意疑問句為肯定式時,其回答往往與漢語不一致,需特別引起注意:
"It isn't cheap, is it?" "Yes, it is." “它不便宜吧?”“不,很便宜。”
"He doesn't love her, does he?" "No, he doesn't."“他不愛她,是嗎?”“是的,他不愛她。”
2. 否定反意疑問句的回答
當(dāng)陳述部分為肯定式,反意疑問句為否定式時,其回答一般不會造成困難,一般只需照情況回答即可:
"It's new, isn't it?" "Yes, it is." “是新的,對嗎?”“對,是新的。”
"He wants to go, doesn't he?" "No, he doesn't." “他想去,對嗎?”“不,他不想去。”
3. 回答反意疑問句的原則
回答反意疑問句通常應(yīng)根據(jù)實際情況來確定,如有人問你You are asleep, aren't you? 你應(yīng)回答No, I'm not. 因為既然你能回答,肯定你還沒有asleep。但如果別人問你 You aren't asleep, are you?(你還沒有睡著,對嗎),你也只能回答No, I'm not.(是的,還沒有睡著),而不能回答為Yes, I'm not. 也不能回答成 Yes, I am.