初中英語語法介詞
介詞在英文中是一種虛詞,在英語里面的使用頻率非常高。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理的初中英語的介詞語法,希望大家喜歡!
初中英語的介詞語法
(一)表示時(shí)間的介詞:
1.at, in ,on
(1) at表示“在某一時(shí)刻、某一時(shí)點(diǎn)”
(2)in表示“在某月、季節(jié)、年、世紀(jì)”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。
in September in winter in 1999 in the 20th century
in the morning/afternoon/evening
(3)on表示“在具體某一天或某天的上、下午”。泛指上、下午、晚上、夜間時(shí)用in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night;但若指具體某一天的上述時(shí)段時(shí),則一律用on。
on Monday on April 1st
On the afternoon of May 23.
2.from, since, for
(1) from表示“等時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)”。
You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什幺時(shí)間來都行。
The exam will start from 9:00am. 考試將從上午九點(diǎn)開始。
(2) since表示“自從……以來(直到現(xiàn)在)”
He has been away from home since 1973. 他自從1973年就離開了家鄉(xiāng)。
We have known each other since ten years ago.我們十年前就認(rèn)識了。
(3) for 與since表示一段時(shí)間,但for與時(shí)間段連用,而since與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用。
for two hours since last week
3.after, in, within
(1) after表示“在……之后”,是before的反義詞。
We’ll hold a party after dinner. 晚餐后我們將舉辦晚會。
He got a cancer and died after a year. 他患了癌癥,一年后去世了
(2) within“在……時(shí)間之內(nèi)”
I can finish it within an hour. 我不需一小時(shí)就可把它做完。
(3) in 后面接過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)表過去,若后面接一段時(shí)間,則表示“在……時(shí)間之后”
I was born in 1983.我出生于1983年。
My father will come back in three days.我爸爸將會在3天后回來。
(二)表示“地點(diǎn)、方向”的介詞:
1.In, outside between, among
(1) in表示“在……里面”,如:
What’s in the box? 盒子里是什么?
She put her book in the desk. 她把書放進(jìn)了書桌。
(2) outside指“在……外面”
There are many people outside the room. 房間外有很多人。
What did your see outside the hall? 你在大廳外看見了什么?
(3) between在……之間(指二者)
There is a hospital between the hotel and the post office. 在賓館與郵局之間有所醫(yī)院。
The building stands between the park and the small river. 那棟建筑位于公園和小河之間。
?、躠mong在……之間(指三者以上)
“There is a thief among you.” The policeman shouted to the crowd. 警察向人群喊道:“你們中間有個(gè)小偷!
He found his place among the crowd. 他在人群中找到了他的位置。
2.on, above, over, below, under
(1) on在……上面,表面相互接觸。
There is an apple on the table. 桌上有一個(gè)蘋果。
On the top of the hill, there is a flag. 山頂有一面旗子。
(2) above只表示“在……上方或位置高出……”,與below相對。
A plane flew above our heads. 一架飛機(jī)從我們頭上飛過。
The Turners live above us. 特納一家人住在我們的上面。
(3) over“在……正上方”,與under相對。
There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座橋。
The picture is hanging over the blackboard. 那張圖掛在黑板的正上方。
(4) below在……下方,低于……
There are many flowers below the window. 窗下有很多花。
Her skirt reaches just below her knees. 她的裙子剛到膝蓋下。
(5) under在……正下方
They sat under a big tree, drinking. 他們坐在一棵大樹下喝酒。
What are you wearing under your coat? 你外套里面穿了什么?
3.near, by, beside
(1) near在……附近,與far相對
A hospital was built near the railway station.在火車站附近建了一所醫(yī)院。
My home is near he school. 我的家離學(xué)校很近。
(2) by = beside,靠近,在……旁邊,比near距離更近
He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema.在電影院他就坐在我旁邊。
He lay down beside the statuary. 他在雕像旁躺下了。
4.in front of, in the front of , behind, around
(1) in front of在……前面 , in the front of表示“在……前部”,指里面。
A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一條河
They put a bunch of flowers in front of the door. 他們在門前放了一束花。
There is a red chair in the front of the room.
在房間前半部有把紅椅子。
(2) behind在……后面588.es
A high building stands behind the village.村子后面有一高層建筑。
The cat lies behind the door. 貓?zhí)稍陂T后面。
(3) around在……周圍,圍繞
There are many trees around the village.村子周圍有很多樹圍繞。
There are flowers around the stage. 舞臺周圍擺著鮮花。
5.along, across, through
(1) along沿著
He likes to drive along the river.他喜歡沿著河開車。
There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the road street. 沿街有著各種美麗的花。
(2) across橫穿
The little girl is afraid to go across the street.這個(gè)小女孩不敢橫穿馬路。
It’s dangerous to run across the busy road. 跑著穿越繁忙的馬路是很危險(xiǎn)的。
(3) through穿過
It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel.開車穿過這條隧道花了我們10分鐘時(shí)間。
He pushed his way through the crowd to the platform. 他從人群里擠到了站臺。
6.at, in
二者都表示“在某個(gè)地方”,但at多指較小的地方,如車站、家等,而in多指在“大地方”,如城市、國家、大洲等。(但大小有時(shí)也是相對的)。
He lives at No.27 Zhongshan street in Nanjing.他住在南京市中山路27號。
The plane will arrive in Beijing at 13:00. 飛機(jī)將于13點(diǎn)到達(dá)北京。
英語介詞口訣詳解
1早、午、晚要用 in
例:in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
in the day 在白天
2at 黎明、午、夜、點(diǎn)與分
例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明時(shí)候
at noon 在中午
at night 在夜間
at midnight 在午夜
以上短語都不用冠詞
at six o'clock 在6點(diǎn)鐘
at 7:30 (seven thirty) 在7點(diǎn)半
at half past eleven 在11點(diǎn)半
at nine fifteen 在9點(diǎn)15 分
at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10點(diǎn)30分也可以寫成 seven to five 5點(diǎn)差7分(半小時(shí)以上)
five minutes after two 2點(diǎn)過5分
at a quarter to two 1點(diǎn)45分
at the weekend 在周末
3年、月、年月、季節(jié)、周
即在“某年”,在“某月”,在“某年某月” (但在某年某月某日則用 on),在四季,在第幾周等都要用 in。
例:
in 1986 在1986 年
in 1927 在1927 年
in April 在四月
in March 在三月
in December, 1986 1986年12月
in July, l983 1983年7月
in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季
in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季
in the fist week of this semester 這學(xué)期的第一周
in the third week 在第三周
4陽光、燈、影、衣、冒 in,即在陽光下,在燈下,在樹陰下,穿衣、著裝、冒雨等都要用 in。
例:Don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的燈光下看書。
They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他們在明亮的燈光下復(fù)習(xí)功課。
They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他們坐在樹陰下乘涼。
a prisoner in irons 帶著鐐銬的囚犯
He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到車站去接我。
The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 舊社會窮人們衣衫襤褸。
以及:in the bright sunlight 在明亮的陽光下
a merchant in disguise 喬裝的商人
the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿著白(黑、紅、黃)色衣服的婦女
in uniform 穿著制服
in mourning 穿著喪服
in brown shoes 穿著棕色鞋
in his shirt sleeves 穿著襯衫
5將來時(shí)態(tài) in … 以后
例: They will come back in 10 days. 他們將10天以后回來。
I'll come round in a day or two. 我一兩天就回來。
We'll be back in no time. 我們一會兒就回來。
Come and see me in two days' time. 兩天后來看我。(從現(xiàn)在開始)
After … (從過去開始)
6小處 at 大處 in
例:Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Don't worry.
李和我平安地到達(dá)黑山縣,一切很好,勿念。
I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市,我姐姐住在一個(gè)小城鎮(zhèn),而我的父母則住在農(nóng)村。
I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在遼寧省鞍山市.
有形 with 無形 by,語言、單位、材料 in
例:The workers are paving a road with stone. 工人們正用石子鋪路。(有形)
The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 這位教師正用一支新筆批改論文。(有形)
“Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy”is a good opera. <<智取威虎山>>是—出好戲。(無形)
The product is separated by distillation into gasoline and gas oil. 這種產(chǎn)品是用蒸餾分離出汽油和粗柴油。(表示方式、手段、方法——無形)
I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed.
我確實(shí)不能用英語流利地表達(dá)我的思想。(表示某種語言用 in)
I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄語寫了一本小說。(同上)
The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system.
公里是米制中最長的長度單位。(表示度、量、衡單位的用 in )
The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre.
長度是以米、公里、厘米為單位來計(jì)算的。(同上)
This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 這個(gè)牌匾是銅鑄的,不是金鑄的。
7特征、方面與方式、心情、成語慣用 in
特征或狀態(tài):
例: The Democratic Party was then in power. 那時(shí)民主黨執(zhí)政。
They found the patient in a coma. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)病人處于昏迷狀態(tài)。
He has not been in good health for some years. 他幾年來身體一直不好。
Many who came in despair went away in hope. 許多人帶著絕望情緒而來,卻滿懷希望而去。
The house was in ruins. 這房屋成了廢墟。
The poor girl was in tears. 這個(gè)貧苦女孩淚流滿面。
Her clothes were in rags. 她的衣服穿破了。
His shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。
I only said it in fun. 我說這話只是開玩笑的。
She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 與其說她講得很氣憤,不如說她講得很傷心。
8還有一些短語也用 in,如:in jest 詼諧地,in joke 開玩笑地,in spite 惡意地, in fairness 公正地,in revenge 報(bào)復(fù), in mercy 寬大,in sorrow 傷心地等。
His mind was in great confusion. 他腦子里很亂。
Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb.
今天大家都興高采烈,沒有一個(gè)情緒低落的。
She and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同學(xué)都正值妙齡。
The campaign was in full swing. 運(yùn)動正值高潮中。
方面:
例:We accepted the item in principle. 我們在原則上接受了這個(gè)條款。
They are never backward in giving their views. 他們從來不怕發(fā)表自己的意見。
The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain.
這個(gè)落后的地區(qū)在糧食方面已能自給。
A good teacher must be an example in study. 一個(gè)好的教師必須是學(xué)習(xí)的模范。
方式:
例:All the speeches were taken down in shorthand. 所有報(bào)告都用速記記錄下來了。
The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism.
黨一貫以愛國主義和國際主義精神教育我們。
9如下成語慣用 in
例:in all 總計(jì)
in advance 事前
in the meantime 與此同時(shí)
in place 適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
in hopes of(或 in the hope of) 懷著……希望
10“介詞 at、to 表方向,攻擊、位置、善惡、分”
介詞 at 和 to 都可以表示方向; 用 at 表示方向時(shí),側(cè)重于攻擊的目標(biāo),往往表示惡意;用to 表示方向時(shí),突出運(yùn)動的位置或動作的對象,側(cè)重表示善意。
試比較下列各句:
1. A.She came at me. 她向我撲過來。
B.She came to me. 她向我走過來。
2.A.Jake ran at John. 杰克向約翰撲過去。
B.Jake ran to John. 杰克朝約翰跑去。
3.A. He rushed at the woman with a sword. 他拿著劍向那婦女撲過去。
B. He rushed to the woman with a sword. 他帶著劍向那婦女跑過去。
4.A.He shouted at the old man. 他大聲喝斥那老人。
B. He shouted to the old man. 他大聲向那老人說。
5.A.I heard her muttering at Xiao Li. 我聽見她在抱怨小李。
B.I heard her muttering to Xiao Li. 我聽見她在同小李低聲說話。
6.A. She talked at you just now. 她剛才還說你壞話呢。
B.She talked to you just now. 她剛才還同你談話呢.
7.A.She threw a bone at the dog. 她用一塊骨頭砸狗。
B.She threw a bone to the dog. 她把一塊骨頭扔給狗吃。
8.A.He presented a pistol at me. 他用手槍對著我。
B.He presented a pistol to me. 他贈送我一支手槍。
常用介詞的用法
1. 在…的前面
in front of (范圍外的前面)
in the front of (在范圍內(nèi)的前面)
There is a river ________ my house.
我家前面有一條河。
There is a blackboard ___ our classroom .
教室前面有一塊黑板。
2.在樹上
on the tree 強(qiáng)調(diào)樹上長出的東西 (蘋果,橘子)
in the tree 外來物體(人,鳥,風(fēng)箏)
There are some birds _____ the tree.
樹上有一些鳥。
There are some apples _______ the tree.
樹上有一些蘋果。
3.時(shí)間表達(dá):
in + 某月 / 某季節(jié) / 某年 (時(shí)間長)
on + 某天 (中)
at + 具體幾點(diǎn)幾分 (短)
固定短語: in the morning / afternoon / evening
at night, at noon
練習(xí): __January , __ summer, ___ 2014
______ Sunday, ___ March 4th, ___ March
___ _ Sunday morning,_____ the morning
_______ the morning of June 5th
_______ 6:30, ____ night, __ noon
4.在墻上
on the wall
在墻壁表面 (相片photo,圖畫picture)
in the wall
在墻壁的里面 (門door, 窗戶window )
(1)There is a photo of my family
_______ the wall.
(2)There are two doors ______ the wall.
5. 在…之上
on: 在…的表面之上(物體之間有接觸)
over: 在…的正上方(物體沒有接觸)
above 高于......;
在......之上”,多指在相對較高位置
(1)There is a book ______ the desk.
書桌上有一本書。
(2)There is a bridge ______ the river.
河上有一座橋。
(3)The plane flies ______the clouds(云).
飛機(jī)在云層上飛行。
6.地點(diǎn)表達(dá)法
(1)in 后接較大的地方
如: in Beijing, in China.
(2)at 后接較小的地方
如: at the railway station, at the bus stop
(3)on 常用于一些習(xí)慣用語
on a farm 在農(nóng)場 on the earth 在地球上
on earth 究竟
at home, at school, at the back of ,
at the back of the classroom
At the end of the street,
at the second crossing