關(guān)系代詞的用法
關(guān)系代詞用來引導(dǎo)定語從句。它代表先行詞,同時(shí)在從句中作一定的句子成分。關(guān)系代詞有主格,賓格和屬格之分,并有指人與指物之分。那么你知道關(guān)系代詞的用法嗎?下面跟著學(xué)習(xí)啦小編學(xué)習(xí)一下吧。
一、關(guān)系代詞的用法
1、引導(dǎo)
定語從句關(guān)系代詞代表先行詞,同時(shí)在從句中作一定的句子成分,例如:The girl whom I spoke to is my cousin. 跟我講話的女孩是我表妹。(該句中whom既代表先行詞the girl,又在從句中作介詞to的賓語。)This is the pencil whose point is broken.這就是那個(gè)折了尖的鉛筆。(whose 指物,在限定性定語從句中作定語)He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他重新回來都忘記了他的那本書。(which指物,在限定性定語從句中作賓語,可以省略)
2、先行詞
which
例如:He said he saw me there, which was a lie.他說在那兒看到了我,純屬謊言。
3、其他用法
關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作賓語或表語時(shí)可省略。
例如:I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.我過去懂拉丁語,2010年大都忘了。
He's changed. He's not the man he was.他變化很大,已不是過去的他了。
注釋:關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略,that在從句中作表語時(shí)也可省略。非限定性定語從句中,不能用that作關(guān)系代詞。
二、語法注意
1.常用that 不用which的情況:
1)先行詞為不定代詞all,little,few,much, anything, everything, nothing, something等時(shí)。
I will do all (that) I can to help you.
2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或the only, the very等所修飾或其本身就是序數(shù)詞﹑形容詞最高級時(shí)。
He was the only person that joined the army in his village that year.
3)先行詞既有人,又有物時(shí)
They talked about the people and the things (that)they remembered in the school.
4)當(dāng)主句是以who 或which開頭的疑問句時(shí), 定語從句用that 引導(dǎo), 以避免重復(fù)。
Who is the boy that was here just now?
2. 若被修飾的名詞充當(dāng)從句介詞賓語時(shí)
介詞可提前于引導(dǎo)詞之前,此時(shí)的引導(dǎo)詞只能用whom 或which.
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