名詞語(yǔ)法講解及練習(xí)題分類及用法
名詞語(yǔ)法講解及練習(xí)題分類及用法
名詞是表示人,事物,地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱的詞,名詞的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)分為幾種。下面學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家?guī)?lái)名詞語(yǔ)法講解及練習(xí)題,歡迎大家學(xué)習(xí)!
名詞語(yǔ)法講解:名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化
情況 | 構(gòu)成方法 | 讀音 | 例詞 |
一般情況 | 加 -s | 清輔音后讀/s/ | map-maps |
濁輔音和元音后讀 /z/ | bag-bags /car-cars | ||
以s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾 | 加 -es | 讀 /iz/ | bus-buses/ watch-watches |
以ce, se, ze,等結(jié)尾 | 加 -s | 讀 /iz/ | license-licenses |
以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾 | 變y 為i再加es | 讀 /z/ | baby---babies |
名詞語(yǔ)法講解:其它名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化
1) 以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞,或元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),直接加s變復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
two Marys the Henrys
monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
2) 以o 結(jié)尾的名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí):
a. 加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos
radio---radios zoo---zoos;
b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
c. 上述a和b兩種方法均可,如zero---zeros / zeroes。
3) 以f或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí):
a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs
safe---safes gulf---gulfs;
b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves
knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;
c. 上述a和b兩種方法均可,如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。
名詞語(yǔ)法講解:名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化
1) child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意:由一個(gè)詞加 man 或 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans;Bowman是姓,其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans。
2) 單復(fù)同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民幣的元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。
3)集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
people police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù),不能說(shuō) a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說(shuō)a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名詞,表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí),作復(fù)數(shù)用,如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中國(guó)人民是勤勞勇敢的。
4) 以s結(jié)尾,仍為單數(shù)的名詞,如:
a. maths,politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞,一般是不可數(shù)名詞,為單數(shù)。
b. news 為不可數(shù)名詞。
c. the United States,the United Nations 應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯(lián)合國(guó)是1945年組建起來(lái)的。
d. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名,劇名,報(bào)紙,雜志名,也可視為單數(shù)。例如:
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事書。
5) 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西,如:glasses (眼鏡) trousers, clothes等,若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞 pair(對(duì),雙); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。
6) 另外還有一些名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思,如:goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚。
名詞語(yǔ)法講解:不可數(shù)名詞量的表示
1)物質(zhì)名詞
a. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個(gè)體名詞時(shí)為可數(shù)。
比較:Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一種食物。 (不可數(shù))
These cakes are sweet. 這些蛋糕很好吃。 (可數(shù))
b. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類時(shí),可數(shù)。例如:
This factory produces steel. (不可數(shù))
We need various steels. (可數(shù))
c. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時(shí),可數(shù)。例如:
Our country is famous for tea. 我國(guó)因茶葉而聞名。
Two teas, please. 請(qǐng)來(lái)兩杯茶。
2) 抽象名詞表示具體的事例時(shí)也可數(shù)。例如:
four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化
物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞可以借助單位詞表一定的數(shù)量,如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一則建議。
名詞語(yǔ)法講解:定語(yǔ)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)
名詞作定語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù),但也有以下例外。
用復(fù)數(shù)作定語(yǔ)。例如:
sports meeting 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) students reading-room 學(xué)生閱覽室
talks table 談判桌 the foreign languages department 外語(yǔ)系
2) man, woman, gentleman等作定語(yǔ)時(shí),其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如:
men workers women teachers gentlemen officials
3) 有些原有s結(jié)尾的名詞,作定語(yǔ)時(shí),s保留。例如:
goods train (貨車) arms produce 武器生產(chǎn)
customs papers 海關(guān)文件 clothes brush 衣刷
4) 數(shù)詞+名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。例如:
two-dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路
two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹(shù) a five-year plan. 一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃
名詞語(yǔ)法講解:不同國(guó)籍人的單復(fù)數(shù)
國(guó)籍 | 總稱(謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)) | 單數(shù) | 復(fù)數(shù) |
中國(guó)人 | the Chinese | a Chinese | two Chinese |
瑞士人 | the Swiss | a Swiss | two Swiss |
澳大利亞人 | the Australians | an Australian | two Australians |
俄國(guó)人 | the Russians | a Russian | two Russians |
意大利人 | the Italians | an Italian | two Italians |
希臘人 | the Greek | a Greek | two Greeks |
法國(guó)人 | the French | a Frenchman | two Frenchmen |
日本人 | the Japanese | a Japanese | two Japanese |
美國(guó)人 | the Americans | an American | two Americans |
印度人 | the Indians | an Indian | two Indians |
加拿大人 | the Canadians | a Canadian | two Canadians |
德國(guó)人 | the Germans | a Germans | two Germans |
英國(guó)人 | the English | an Englishman | two Englishmen |
瑞典人 | the Swedish | a Swede | two Swedes |
名詞語(yǔ)法講解:名詞的格
英語(yǔ)中有些名詞可以加"'s"來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系,帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格,如:a teacher's book。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下:
1) 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加"'s",復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒(méi)有s,也要加"'s",如the boy's bag 男孩的書包,men's room 男廁所。
2) 若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s ,只加" ' ",如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗爭(zhēng)。
3) 凡不能加"'s"的名詞,都可以用"名詞+of +名詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。
4) 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí),名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞,如:the barber's 理發(fā)店。
5) 如果兩個(gè)名詞并列,并且分別有's,則表示"分別有";只有一個(gè)'s,則表示'共有'。例如:
John's and Mary's rooms(兩間) John and Mary's room(一間)
6) 復(fù)合名詞或短語(yǔ),'s 加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾。例如:a month or two's absence
名詞語(yǔ)法練習(xí)題
1. The commander said that two________ would be sent to the Iraqi front the next day.
A. women’s doctor B. women doctors C. women’s doctors D. women doctor
2. “Look! The police ________ here to keep order! Go away quickly,” one of them shouted.
A. is coming B. comes C. are coming D. has come
3. She could not speak English, but made her wishes known by means of _____.
A. signs B. sighs C. movements D. words
4. In my opinion, what he told us just now about the affair simply doesn’t make any _____.
A. idea B. meaning C. sense D. point
5. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _____.
A. intention B. attempt C. purpose D. desire
6. ________ food is kept in his new cave, but at last Saddam was still arrested.
A. Large quantities of B. A great deal of C. A large number of D. Quite a few
7. –– Let’s try operating the machine right now.
––Wait. Better read the _____first.
A. instructions B. explanations C. information D. introduction
8.The rest of the magazines________ within half an hour.
A. is sold out B. was sold out C. were sold out D. are sold out
9. You’d have more _____of catching the train if you took a bus to the station instead of walking.
A. opportunity B. chance C. time D. energy
10.The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses________ much if people leave things________ they are.
A. doesn’t change; as B. aren’t changed; like C. don’t change; like D. don’t change; as
11. I knew I shouldn’t accept anything from such a person, but I found it difficult to turn down his _____.
A. offer B. suggestion C. request D. plan
12.________it is to gather with President Bush at such a special Thanksgiving Day in Iraq!
A. what a fun B. what fun C. how fun D. what joy
13. Oh., John________ you gave us!
A. How a great surprise B. how pleasant surprise
C. what a pleasant surprise D. what pleasant surprise
14 He is________ as a leader but he hasn’t________ in teaching.
A. success; many experiences B. a success; much experience
C. great success; an experience D. a great success; a lot of experiences
15 —Who did you spend last weekend with?
—________.
A. Palmer’s B. The Palmers’ C. The Palmers D. The Palmer’s
名詞語(yǔ)法練習(xí)題參考答案
1. B。復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)中含有構(gòu)詞成分man / woman時(shí),將變?yōu)閙en / women, 且所修飾的名詞也要變成復(fù)數(shù)。
2. C。特殊類群體名詞 police / cattle 做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);“警察”個(gè)體用 policeman / policewoman;牛的個(gè)體用 a head of cattle。
3. A。signs指“手勢(shì)”,還可用our expressions和gesture等body movements來(lái)表達(dá)思想。sigh意為“嘆息”,words與前半句矛盾。
4. C。make sense是習(xí)語(yǔ),意為“有道理”、“意義清楚”。
5. B。比較:attempt=嘗試,企圖;intention=意圖;purpose=目的;desire=欲望。
6. B。記?。篴 large / great / good quantity / amount of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);large / great / good quantities / amounts of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
7. A。instructions說(shuō)明書(常用復(fù)數(shù)),explanation解釋、說(shuō)明。
8. C。Most of / Half of / Part of / part of +名作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)與of后面的名詞保持一致。本題中magazines是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
9. B。表示“機(jī)會(huì)”時(shí),opportunity和chance兩者均可;但表示“可能性”時(shí),只能用chance。
10. A。The number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)常用單數(shù);A. number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)。
11. A。表示主動(dòng)提供的東西,用offer。
12. B。抽象名詞表泛指時(shí)一般不與冠詞連用。
13. C。抽象名詞有前置或后置修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),前面用不定冠詞,使之具體化; 如:A. happy life / a good education in that university / a wide knowledge of nature
14. B。表具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、特點(diǎn)、情感、情緒的人和事;如:She is a success in cause but a failure in marriage.(成功者、失敗者)
15. C。表示Palmer一家人,指一家人時(shí)常用the +姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)。
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