英語的非謂語動(dòng)詞語法
非謂語動(dòng)詞指的是在句中起名詞,形容詞或副詞作用的動(dòng)詞形式,而不是作謂語的動(dòng)詞形式。 動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式分為動(dòng)名詞,分詞,動(dòng)詞不定式。接下來,小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了英語的非謂語動(dòng)詞語法,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
英語的非謂語動(dòng)詞語法
Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 動(dòng)名詞起名詞作用)
爬山是一項(xiàng)好運(yùn)動(dòng)。
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分詞起形容詞作用)
你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)穿白襯衣的人嗎?
He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副詞作用)
他早早起床是為了趕上第一班汽車。
謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別:
3) 謂語動(dòng)詞在句中可單獨(dú)作謂語,而非謂語動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語。
Miss Mary teaches us English.
瑪麗教我們英語。(teaches 動(dòng)詞作謂語)
Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
維克托先生上周來到了我們教室和我們談話。
(to have a talk.... 不定式作狀語)
4) 謂語動(dòng)詞受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制,而非謂語動(dòng)詞形式?jīng)]有這種限制。
Larke likes the pop music.
拉克喜歡流行音樂。
(動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式)
Larke has nothing to do today.
拉克今天沒什么事要做。(do 用原形)
非謂語動(dòng)詞的特征:
3 如果非謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞,后面須跟賓語。
Studying English is my favorite.
學(xué)習(xí)英語是我的愛好。(studying 后跟賓語)
To help him is my duty.
幫助他是我的責(zé)任。(help 后跟賓語)
4 非謂語動(dòng)詞可以帶有自己的狀語或邏輯主語。
Working under such a condition is terrible.
在這樣的環(huán)境下工作太可怕了。
(under such a condition 是 working 的狀語)
It's too difficult for him to master
English in such a short time.
他在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握英語太難了。
(for him 作不定式的邏輯主語)
5 非謂語動(dòng)詞仍有語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.
對(duì)不起讓你久等了。
(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)
Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.
從山上看,這座城市美麗多了。
(Seen from...是分詞的被動(dòng)形式)
6 非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中可以當(dāng)成名詞或者形容詞來使用。
Our coming made him happy.
我們的到來使他很高興。(coming 起名詞作用)
There are two big swimming pools here.
這兒有兩個(gè)大型游泳池。
(swimming 起形容詞作用)
非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式變化:
不 定 式 主 動(dòng) 被 動(dòng)
一 般 to write to be written
進(jìn) 行 to be writing /
完 成 to have written to have been written
完成進(jìn)行 to have been writing /
現(xiàn)在分詞 主 動(dòng) 被 動(dòng)
一 般 writing being written
完 成 having written having been written
過去分詞 一般 written
動(dòng) 名 詞 主 動(dòng) 被 動(dòng)
一 般 writing being written
完 成 having written having been written
分 詞
分詞是由動(dòng)詞 +ing 或 動(dòng)詞 + ed 構(gòu)成,它在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用,可以作定語,表語,狀語。
working worked washing washed
分詞可分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種,現(xiàn)在分詞的形式同動(dòng)名詞一樣,在動(dòng)詞后面加 ing 。 而過去分詞的形式則在動(dòng)詞后面加 ed. 分詞在句中可作定語,狀語或表語。
分詞作定語
China is a developing1 country.
中國是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家。
That's an interesting story.
這是一個(gè)有趣的故事。
The girl singing for us is ten years old.
給我們唱歌的女孩十歲了。
作定語的分詞要放在被修飾的名詞之前,如果是分詞詞組則放在被修飾的名詞之后, 如被修飾的名詞是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等,分詞放在被修飾名詞的后面。
The working people have played a great role in the activity.
工人在這次活動(dòng)中起主要作用。
The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.
被汽車撞傷的小孩馬上被送到了醫(yī)院。
There is nothing interesting.
沒什么有趣的事。
分詞和動(dòng)名詞都可以作定語,判斷是分詞還是動(dòng)名詞,可以根據(jù)它們和被修飾詞有無邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系來判斷, 有主謂關(guān)系的是分詞, 否則判斷為動(dòng)名詞。
a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。(分詞)
a swimming pool 游泳的池子 (動(dòng)名詞)
分詞作狀語
Being a student, he likes to help others.
作為一個(gè)學(xué)生,他喜歡幫助別人。
Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.
戴了一副新眼鏡,她看書就好多了。
She is there waiting for us.
她在那兒等我們呢。
Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.
經(jīng)老師一說,她知道自己不對(duì)。
分詞作表語
The story is interesting .
故事有趣。
We are interested in computer.
我們對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)感興趣。
The glass is broken.
玻璃杯破了。
The water is boiled.
水是開的。
分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語
可以跟賓語補(bǔ)足語的謂語動(dòng)詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。
I saw him walking in the street.
我看見他在街上走。
I heard them singing in the classroom.
我聽見他們?cè)诮淌依锍琛?/p>
We found the boy sleeping.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)小孩睡著了。
have 后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語用過去分詞常表示動(dòng)作不是句子的主語發(fā)出的,而是由別人做的。
I have my hair cut.
我理發(fā)了。(是別人給我理發(fā))
She has her bike repaired.
她把自行車修理了。(別人修理的)
They have their house rebuilt.
他們重修了房子。
分詞的否定形式。not + 分詞
Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.
不知道下一步干什么,她停下來等著。
Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare2 to go to school.
小女孩沒完成作業(yè)不敢去學(xué)校。
分詞的時(shí)態(tài)
分詞的一般時(shí)表示動(dòng)作同謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或之前發(fā)生。
Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.
看到老師進(jìn)來,學(xué)生們停下來不玩了。
Coming into the room, he lied on his bed.
回到家后,他就躺在床上。
分詞的完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞的前面發(fā)生。
Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.
收到一封信后,我知道一切都很好。
Having had my supper, I went out for a walk.
晚飯后,我出去散步了。
Having known3 that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.
他知道自己比賽獲勝,高興地把帽子扔上了天。
分詞的被動(dòng)形式
分詞的被動(dòng)形式表示分詞動(dòng)作同所修飾的名詞有一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.
正在建設(shè)的娛樂大樓明年完工。
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英語的非謂語動(dòng)詞語法
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