英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)
動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式,接下來(lái),小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ),歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指的是在句中起名詞,形容詞或副詞作用的動(dòng)詞形式,而不是作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞形式。 動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式分為動(dòng)名詞,分詞,動(dòng)詞不定式。
Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 動(dòng)名詞起名詞作用)
爬山是一項(xiàng)好運(yùn)動(dòng)。
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分詞起形容詞作用)
你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)穿白襯衣的人嗎?
He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副詞作用)
他早早起床是為了趕上第一班汽車。
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別:
1) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),而非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。
Miss Mary teaches us English.
瑪麗教我們英語(yǔ)。(teaches 動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ))
Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
維克托先生上周來(lái)到了我們教室和我們談話。 (to have a talk.... 不定式作狀語(yǔ))
2) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制,而非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式?jīng)]有這種限制。
Larke likes the pop music.
拉克喜歡流行音樂。 (動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式)
Larke has nothing to do today.
拉克今天沒什么事要做。(do 用原形)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特征:
1 如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞,后面須跟賓語(yǔ)。
Studying English is my favorite.
學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)是我的愛好。(studying 后跟賓語(yǔ))
To help him is my duty.
幫助他是我的責(zé)任。(help 后跟賓語(yǔ))
2 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以帶有自己的狀語(yǔ)或邏輯主語(yǔ)。
Working under such a condition is terrible.
在這樣的環(huán)境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition 是 working 的狀語(yǔ))
It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.
他在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握英語(yǔ)太難了。(for him 作不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ))
3 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍有語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.
對(duì)不起讓你久等了。(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)
Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.
從山上看,這座城市美麗多了。(Seen from...是分詞的被動(dòng)形式)
4 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中可以當(dāng)成名詞或者形容詞來(lái)使用。
Our coming made him happy.
我們的到來(lái)使他很高興。(coming 起名詞作用)
There are two big swimming pools here.
這兒有兩個(gè)大型游泳池。(swimming 起形容詞作用)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式變化:
不 定 式 主 動(dòng) 被 動(dòng)
一般 to write to be written
進(jìn)行 to be writing /
完成 to have written to have been written
完成進(jìn)行 to have been writing /
現(xiàn) 在 分 詞 主 動(dòng) 被 動(dòng)
一般 writing being written
完成 having written having been written
過 去 分 詞 一般 written
動(dòng) 名 詞 主 動(dòng) 被 動(dòng)
一 般 writing being written
完 成 having written having been written
動(dòng) 詞 不 定 式:
動(dòng)詞不定式是由 to + 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成,在句中起名詞,形容詞和副詞的作用,可以擔(dān)任除謂語(yǔ)以外的其它任何成分。
1 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ):
To mast1 a language is not an easy thing.
掌握一門語(yǔ)言不是一件容易的事情。
To teach English is my favorite.
教英語(yǔ)是我的愛好。
It's my pleasure to help you.
很樂意幫助你。
動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)可以放在后面,而用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)放在原主語(yǔ)的位置上。
It's very kind of you to have given us much help.
你給了我們那么多的幫助真是太好了。
It's necessary to find the witness2.
有必要找到目擊者。
2 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ):
某些及物動(dòng)詞可以用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ),這些動(dòng)詞有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.
What I wish is to learn English well.
我所希望的是把英語(yǔ)學(xué)好。
I like to help others if I can.
如果有可能的話,我喜歡幫助別人。
3 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ) 。
We expect you to be with us.
我們希望你和我們?cè)谝黄稹?/p>
Please ask him to come here quickly.
請(qǐng)叫他快過來(lái)。
4 動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ) :
What I should do is to finish the task soon.
我應(yīng)該做的是趕快完成任務(wù)。
The most urgent3 thing is to find the boy immediately.
當(dāng)務(wù)之急是馬上去找孩子。
5 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ):
There are many ways to solve the problem.
有許多方法能解決這個(gè)問題。
I have something important to tell you.
我有重要的事情要告訴你。
6 不定式作狀語(yǔ):
We went to the hospital to see our teacher.
我們?nèi)メt(yī)院看了我們的老師。
She is making a test to get a kind of useful
medicine from a Tibet4 flower.
她在做試驗(yàn),從一種西藏花中提取某種有用的藥物。
動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式:
not + to + 動(dòng)詞原形
The teacher told us not to swim in that river.
老師告訴我們不要在那條河里游泳。
It's unfair not to tell us.
沒告訴我們真是不公平。
帶疑問詞的不定式:
疑問詞who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面,構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ),使含義更加具體。
Where to go is not known5 yet.
去什么地方還不知道。
I don't know when to begin.
我不知道什么時(shí)間開始。
Can you tell me where to get the battery6.
你能告訴我哪兒能買到電池嗎?
Do you know how to get to the station.
你知道怎樣去車站嗎?
帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的不定式:
動(dòng)詞不定式可以帶有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ),構(gòu)成方法是: for + 邏輯主語(yǔ) + 不定式。
注意:邏輯主語(yǔ)用賓格形式, for 本身無(wú)實(shí)際意義,它只表明后面的主語(yǔ)從邏輯上分析是不定式的主語(yǔ)。
It's necessary for us to help each other.
我們互相幫忙是必要的。
There are much work for me to finish,
有許多工作要我去完成。
動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài):
動(dòng)詞不定式一般時(shí):表示動(dòng)作和句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或之后發(fā)生。
I helped him put the things into the car.
我?guī)椭褨|西放進(jìn)了汽車。
I want to see you again.
我想再見到你。
Would you like to have a rest.
你愿意休息一下嗎?
動(dòng)詞不定式完成時(shí): 表示動(dòng)作在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。
We are sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
對(duì)不起,我們讓你久等了。
They seems to have known the answers.
他們好像知道了答案。
動(dòng)詞不定式進(jìn)行時(shí):表示動(dòng)作同句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
They seem to be working hard.
他們好像在努力工作。
動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式: 表示不定式動(dòng)詞同所修飾的名詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系 。
He is the man to be examined.
他是受檢查的人。
There are much work to be done.
有好多工作要做。
相關(guān)文章:
1.中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題詳解六:動(dòng)詞
3.中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn):句子結(jié)構(gòu)