高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法;并列句與狀語(yǔ)從句
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法;并列句與狀語(yǔ)從句
句子是由詞按照一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的。組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子的成分。小編在這里整理了相關(guān)知識(shí)，希望能幫助到大家。
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法;并列句與狀語(yǔ)從句
Ⅰ. 單句語(yǔ)法填空
1.Lessons can be learned to face the future __though/although__history cannot be changed.
解析：對(duì)比分析兩個(gè)句子的意思可知從句表達(dá)的意思是“雖然;盡管”。句意為：雖然歷史不能被改變，但是可以學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)面對(duì)未來(lái)。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，故填though/although。
2.You will never gain success __unless__you are fully devoted to your work.
解析：根據(jù)句意可知主從句間是條件關(guān)系，且對(duì)比分析兩句話間“主將從現(xiàn)”的時(shí)態(tài)及主句中的否定詞never可知用表?xiàng)l件的unless(if...not)。句意為：除非你完全投入到你的工作中，否則你永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法取得成功。
3.He is a shy man，__but__he is not afraid of anything or anyone.
解析：but用來(lái)連接并列但語(yǔ)義對(duì)比的兩個(gè)句子。句意：他是個(gè)靦腆的人，但他并不怕任何事或任何人。
4.__Once__the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
解析：once一旦。句意：一旦造成損害，土地要好多年才能恢復(fù)。
5.We need to get to the root of the problem__before__we can solve it.
解析：本題考查狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞。before表示“主句發(fā)生在從句之前”。句意：在我們解決問(wèn)題之前，我們需要找到問(wèn)題的根源。
6.__Although/Though__the job takes a significant amount of time，most students agree that the experience is worth it.
解析：although/though雖然(表示“雖然”時(shí)，不在后面使用連詞but，不過(guò)有時(shí)它可與yet，still，nevertheless等副詞連用)。句意：雖然那個(gè)工作要花大量的時(shí)間，但是大多數(shù)學(xué)生都覺(jué)得這次經(jīng)歷是值得的。
7.That's why I help brighten people's days.If you__don't__，who's to say that another person will?
解析：考查if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。在if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句談?wù)摰氖且粋€(gè)有可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)及其產(chǎn)生的相關(guān)的結(jié)果，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。此句中的who's to say that another person will用的是將來(lái)時(shí)，故if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意：這就是為什么我要使人們的日子變得鮮活起來(lái)。如果你不這樣做，你說(shuō)誰(shuí)會(huì)這樣做?
8.There is only one more day to go__before__your favorite music group play live.
解析：before意為“在……之前”。句意：離你最喜歡的樂(lè)隊(duì)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演奏只剩下一天了。
9.If you miss this chance，it may be years __before__ you get another one.
解析：It be+時(shí)間段+before...“要過(guò)……才會(huì)……”。句意：如果你錯(cuò)過(guò)這次機(jī)會(huì)，可能要等很多年才會(huì)再有另一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。
10.It is so cold that you can't go outside__unless__fully covered in thick clothes.
解析：本題考查狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞及狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。句意：天如此冷以至于你除非完全包裹著厚衣服，否則不能外出。unless除非。unless從句中省略主語(yǔ)you及系動(dòng)詞are。
11. It's a motto that we should never remember the benefit we have offered __nor__ forget the favor received.
解析：句意為：我們應(yīng)當(dāng)永遠(yuǎn)不要記掛我們所給予的好處也不要忘記我們所受的恩惠。這是一則座右銘。nor為表示否定含義的并列詞，never...nor...表示“既不……也不……”。
12.Ask any Chinese which city in China is famous for ice and snow, __and__ the answer is sure to be Harbin.
解析：句意為：(如果)你問(wèn)任何一個(gè)中國(guó)人中國(guó)的哪座城市因冰雪而出名，答案一定是哈爾濱。此處為“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”的結(jié)構(gòu)，兩個(gè)分句之間為順承關(guān)系，故填and。
13.Stick to what you think is right, __and__ you will gain a surprising happy ending.
解析：句意為：堅(jiān)持你認(rèn)為正確的，你會(huì)擁有一個(gè)幸福的結(jié)局。此處為“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”的結(jié)構(gòu)，兩個(gè)分句之間為順承關(guān)系，故填and。
14.—Can I lie about seeing a text message because I was too busy or lazy to respond to it?
—Receiving a text message does not necessarily mean you have to respond. Why waste a perfectly good lie __when__ the truth will serve?
解析：句意為：——當(dāng)我很累或懶得去答復(fù)時(shí)，我可以撒謊說(shuō)沒(méi)看過(guò)短信嗎?——收到短信并不一定意味著必須回復(fù)。為什么非得濫用一個(gè)精心編造的謊言而不去說(shuō)實(shí)話呢?對(duì)比分析主從句謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作可知是同時(shí)發(fā)生，因此用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連詞when表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”。
15.Though it has been one year __since__ he came to the city, he knows every street here like the back of his hand.
解析：句意為：盡管他來(lái)這座城市僅僅一年，但是他對(duì)這兒的每條街道了如指掌。本題考查固定句型“it has been+時(shí)間段+since...”，表示“自從……已經(jīng)多久了”。
16.—What did he think of the trip to Beijing last month?
—He had such a good time __when__ he visited the Great Wall.
解析：句意為：——他認(rèn)為上個(gè)月的北京之行怎么樣?——當(dāng)他去參觀長(zhǎng)城時(shí)玩得很開(kāi)心。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，故填when。本題容易誤用成“such...that...”結(jié)構(gòu)。
17.Little __as/though__ he knew about classical music, he pretended to be an expert on it.
解析：句意為：盡管他對(duì)古典音樂(lè)了解很少，但他假裝對(duì)此是名專家。分析句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處所在分句為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，且否定詞little位于句首，應(yīng)用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，故填as或though。although也表“盡管”，但其引導(dǎo)的從句要用正常語(yǔ)序，故不填。
18.People in Dali are very friendly and honest to you __whether__ you are a foreigner or just a local.
解析：句意為：大理的人對(duì)你很誠(chéng)實(shí)而友好，無(wú)論你是外地人還是當(dāng)?shù)鼐用?。whether...or...表示“無(wú)論是……還是……”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
19.You can smoke here __if__ you leave a window open to let the smoke out.
解析：句意為：如果你留一扇窗戶使煙散發(fā)出去，你就可以在這里吸煙。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“如果”，故填if。
20.Just__as__ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
解析：句意為：正如單獨(dú)一個(gè)詞能改變一個(gè)句子的含義一樣，一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子也能改變一個(gè)段落的含義。just as意為“正如，正像”，符合句意。
英語(yǔ)的句子成分
主語(yǔ)
主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)講述的對(duì)象，表示所說(shuō)的“是什么”或“是誰(shuí)”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的單詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)，也有從句充當(dāng)?shù)默F(xiàn)象。大多數(shù)主語(yǔ)都在句首。
如：
講述“誰(shuí)” We work in a big factory.
講述“什么” The classroom is very big.
數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ) Three are enough.
從句作主語(yǔ) What we need is food. 我們最需要的是食物.
▲ 在“There be …”句型中，主語(yǔ)的位置在中間。如：
There are some bottles of milk in the box.
▲ 在個(gè)別句型中，主語(yǔ)在整個(gè)句子后面，這時(shí)前面用it作形式主語(yǔ)。如：
It is very interesting toplay the game called “treat or trick”.
It took two workers aboutthree months to build the house.
謂語(yǔ)
謂語(yǔ)時(shí)用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么樣”，謂語(yǔ)必須是動(dòng)詞，謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在“人稱”和“數(shù)”兩方面必須一致。
如：He is very generous.
She looks very smart and cool
We have finished the job.
He can speak German.
表語(yǔ)
表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、介詞、副詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)，它的位置在系動(dòng)詞后面。
形容詞作表語(yǔ)
You look youngerthan before. 名詞作表語(yǔ)
Myfather is a teacher. 副詞作表語(yǔ)
Everyone is here. 介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)
They are at the theatre.不定式作表語(yǔ)
My job is to teach them English. 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)
Her job is training the nurses.從句作表語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)
▲賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，由名詞、代詞、不定式、或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)或從句來(lái)充當(dāng)，它和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么，通常放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。有時(shí)，會(huì)有雙賓語(yǔ)。
如：
名詞作賓語(yǔ) He never forgives others for their mistakes.
代詞做賓語(yǔ) He often helps me.
不定式作賓語(yǔ) He likes to sleep in theopen air.
動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)The Americans enjoyed livingin China.
從句做賓語(yǔ) I believe that they can finish the work intime.
▲直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)
及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面要跟賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)分直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象。但有些動(dòng)詞除了直接賓語(yǔ)外，還需要有一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)做的，所以只能用名詞或代詞來(lái)充當(dāng)。如：
We brought themsome food.
主 謂 間賓 直賓
間接賓語(yǔ)可以放在直接賓語(yǔ)后面，但必須加to 或 for。
賓補(bǔ)
在英語(yǔ)的句子中有些句子里只有賓語(yǔ)并不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還必須在賓語(yǔ)后面加上賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。我們把“賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”合起來(lái)稱為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的意思相當(dāng)于一個(gè)巨資的意思。名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞都可以作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).
如:
名詞作賓補(bǔ)If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
形容詞作賓補(bǔ) Don’t make your hands dirty.
副詞作賓補(bǔ) We found Li Ming out when we arrived.
介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)Make yourself at home.
省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)I saw a girl go into the building.
帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ) The boy ordered the dog to lie down.
現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)The boss kept them working all day.
過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)Yesterday he got his leg broken.
在英語(yǔ)中,常見(jiàn)的“賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)有：
▲“賓語(yǔ)+名詞”。常用于改結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。
We call himJack.
They made Li Lei their monitor.
▲“賓語(yǔ)+形容詞”。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。
如：Do you think his idea wrong?
We must keep our classroom clean.
We can’t leave him alone.
▲“賓語(yǔ)+副詞”。副詞作賓補(bǔ)常表示賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主表關(guān)系。常見(jiàn)的副詞有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。
如：Let him in/ out.
Mr. Li droveus home.
When got there, we found him out.
▲“賓語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)”。介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)常表示其邏輯主語(yǔ)(即賓語(yǔ))所處的狀態(tài)，兩者有主表的關(guān)系。
如：We found everything in good order.
We regard him as our good friend.
He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.
▲“賓語(yǔ)+不定式”
充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的不定式有三種：
A 要求帶to的不定式
B要求不帶to的不定式let, make, see, hear, watch等
C 單詞help 后可加 to 或不加 to
▲“賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞”
現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，此時(shí)在該句型中的賓語(yǔ)即為現(xiàn)在分詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，有著主謂關(guān)系。
I saw them playing on the playground.
I heard Mary singingin the classroom.
▲“賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”。
賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。
I had my bikestolen.
The teacherexplained again and again to make himself understood.
▲ 形式賓語(yǔ)+形容詞
We found itimpossible to get there before Saturday.
▲賓語(yǔ)+what從句
Call me what you like. Mr. Li has made the factory what it istoday.
The mountain village is different from what it wasten years ago.
定語(yǔ)
▲定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等都可以充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。因?yàn)樗切揎椕~或代詞的，而名詞和代詞可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，所以定語(yǔ)的位置很靈活，凡是有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語(yǔ)。
如：
形容詞作定語(yǔ) The black bike is mine.
代詞作定語(yǔ) What’s your name?
名詞作定語(yǔ) They madesome paper flowers.
介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ) The boys inthe room are in Class Three, Grade One.
從句作定語(yǔ) The tall boy whois standing there is Peter.
▲修飾不定代詞 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody,anybody, nobody 的定語(yǔ)必須后置。
如：We’ll go to have something English.
If you don’t know the answer, ask someone else.
Do you have anything important totell me?
▲介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置。
如：Do you know the boy behind thetree?
The students in the room are all my friends.
I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right.
▲動(dòng)詞的不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置
What about something to drink?
I have no time to travel to China is in Autumn or in Spring.
▲near by,below, downstairs等個(gè)別方位詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置。
如：
We are at the topof the hill. Can you see the village below?
The people downstairs are listening to a talk now?
狀語(yǔ)
狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。它表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等，一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式，從句或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)。狀語(yǔ)一般放在句末，但有時(shí)也可以放在句首、句中。
如：
He did it carefully(程度狀語(yǔ))
They missed me very much.(程度狀語(yǔ))
Without his help, we couldn’t work itout.(條件狀語(yǔ))
In order to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.(目的狀語(yǔ))
When I was young, I could swim well.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
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