常見(jiàn)的托福閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題提問(wèn)形式
托福閱讀考試中，對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)題，大家在備考的時(shí)候也要掌握相應(yīng)的技巧。今天小編重點(diǎn)來(lái)講解的是，細(xì)節(jié)題中常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式。這些內(nèi)容也有助于大家更好地備考這類題型。詳細(xì)內(nèi)容如下：
托福閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題考點(diǎn)分析
在學(xué)習(xí)托福閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題的解題思路之前，我們首先要了解細(xì)節(jié)題對(duì)于考生的能力考查到底在哪里。在小編看來(lái)，細(xì)節(jié)題考查的核心要點(diǎn)是大家在文章閱讀過(guò)程中對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)信息的敏感度以及考生準(zhǔn)確返回原文定位到細(xì)節(jié)的能力，這種能力在考生以后研究生階段學(xué)業(yè)中需要閱讀大量文字類資料并準(zhǔn)確尋找到其中關(guān)鍵性信息時(shí)會(huì)很有價(jià)值，因此細(xì)節(jié)題可以說(shuō)就是針對(duì)考生是否具備這種能力而設(shè)置的題型。
托福閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題兩種常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式實(shí)例講解
托福閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題從提問(wèn)方式上主要可以分為兩類，第一類難度較高，要求考生對(duì)問(wèn)題的所有選項(xiàng)都進(jìn)行返回原文查找的步驟從而得出正確答案。這類題目美征小編稱為多選項(xiàng)返回定位題，比如以下這道題目就是如此：
Asia is the largest land mass on Earth. It contains one-third of the world’s land. Much of the land is uninhabited. But Asia holds more than 60% of the world’s people. It has 48 different countries, including China and India. They are the most populous countries in the world. Asia is also the birthplace of the world’s five major religions. They are Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Which of the following is true of Asia?
A. It is the largest continent on Earth.
B. One-third of the world’s population lives there.
C. It takes up 60% of the world’s land mass
D. It is the home of 48 different religions.
可以看到這道題目本身并沒(méi)有給出任何解題線索和關(guān)鍵詞，考生需要把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)逐一返回原文核對(duì)查找以后，才能得出正確答案。這類題目之所以難度較高，就是因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)消耗大家比較多的時(shí)間，本身考試時(shí)間不足答題節(jié)奏落后于原定進(jìn)度的同學(xué)面對(duì)這類題目很容易因?yàn)樾母庠?，想要加速又加不了而出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。而且這類題目有個(gè)特點(diǎn)，那就是哪怕選項(xiàng)A就是正確選項(xiàng)，考生也會(huì)忍不住再去把其它選項(xiàng)也逐一核對(duì)確認(rèn)一下再做出選擇，這其實(shí)就是利用了考生患得患失的解題心理。以上題為例，A選項(xiàng)It is the largest continent on Earth.和文章第一句Asia is the largest land mass on Earth.其實(shí)就是一個(gè)意思，但哪怕考生心中已經(jīng)比較有把握，也還是需要再看完其它選項(xiàng)才行。這樣的題目相當(dāng)消耗時(shí)間，大家如果遇到請(qǐng)務(wù)必注意時(shí)間分配方面的問(wèn)題。
第二類細(xì)節(jié)題難度就比較低了，這類題目會(huì)給出明確的提示性線索和關(guān)鍵詞，考生根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞直接返回原文就能找到對(duì)應(yīng)題目的正確答案，在較短時(shí)間內(nèi)就能做完。這類題目美征小編稱為明確線索定位題，比如下面這道：
A routine vaudeville show usually began with a silly act, such as acrobats or trick bicyclists. This allow audience members to arrive late and find their seats. The show peaked in the middle with the “headliner”. This act was usually the best in the show. The show would conclude with a “chaser” act. This act was considered good enough to feature but dull enough to make audiences leave the theater.
According to paragraph 2, why did a vaudeville show usually start off with a silly act?
A. Because the audience needed time to arrive and find their seats.
B. Because the audience preferred to begin with silly acts.
C. Because silly acts got the audience ready for serious ones.
D. Because that was the only type of act the theater owner could find.
這道題目不僅給出了關(guān)鍵詞線索a silly act，而直接給出了對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容所在的段落位置，對(duì)于考生來(lái)說(shuō)定位返回就變得相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單了，考生只要帶著問(wèn)題讀一下原文，找到答案以后再?gòu)倪x項(xiàng)中尋找出相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容就可以順利解題。比如上面這道題問(wèn)的是威懾呢么雜耍表演開(kāi)場(chǎng)都要先來(lái)個(gè)silly act?考生從原文第二句This allow audience members to arrive late and find their seats.就可以直接找到答案，甚至不用讀完整段內(nèi)容就能獲得自己需要的信息，接下來(lái)看到選項(xiàng)A也正好符合要求，那么答案一下子就能確定出來(lái)，整個(gè)解題過(guò)程不會(huì)超過(guò)30秒。
托福閱讀10大題型提問(wèn)形式和題目數(shù)量盤點(diǎn)介紹
1. 事實(shí)信息題(Factual information)
事實(shí)信息題是托福閱讀中數(shù)量最多的題型，在每篇閱讀文章中都會(huì)有3-6題為事實(shí)信息題。這個(gè)題型如同其字面含義，就是考察大家對(duì)閱讀文章中包含的各類信息的掌握程度。這類題目的提問(wèn)方式主要有兩種，分別是：
According to the paragraph，...?
The author's description of X mentions which of the following?
2. 否認(rèn)事實(shí)信息題(Negative Factual Infomation)
這個(gè)題型和上面的事實(shí)信息題正好相反，如果說(shuō)事實(shí)信息題問(wèn)的是文章里講了什么，那么否認(rèn)事實(shí)信息題問(wèn)的就是文章里沒(méi)講沒(méi)有提及什么。這類題型的考察目的和事實(shí)信息題相同，也是考察考生對(duì)文章包含信息的了解。每篇文章中這樣的題目數(shù)量最多2題，也有可能1道都沒(méi)有。這個(gè)題型的提問(wèn)方式是：
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X?
The author's description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT...
3. 暗示推理題(Inference)
這個(gè)題型同樣問(wèn)的是事實(shí)，但并不是文章直接提到的事實(shí)，而是需要考生結(jié)合文章給出信息進(jìn)行一定推理后得出的結(jié)論，對(duì)考生的邏輯推理分析能力有一定要求。這個(gè)題型每篇閱讀中都會(huì)有1到3題，常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式是：
Which of the following can be inferred about X?
The author of the passage implies that X...
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about X?
4. 修辭目的題(Rhetorical Purpose)
這個(gè)題型的題數(shù)為1-2題，光看名字似乎有點(diǎn)不太好理解，其實(shí)通俗來(lái)說(shuō)就是問(wèn)目的或者說(shuō)原因，比如作者會(huì)什么要提某人某事，或者作者提及某人某事是為了什么等等。這類題目考的也是邏輯思維能力，提問(wèn)方式也比較簡(jiǎn)單直接：
The author discusses X in paragraph 2 in order to ...
Why does the author mention X?
The author uses X as an example of ...
5. 詞匯題(Vocabulary)
詞匯題是托福閱讀中出題目的最為簡(jiǎn)單粗暴的題目，就是直接考察考生的詞匯量，因此提問(wèn)也是問(wèn)考生文章段落中某個(gè)詞匯的具體含義。由于托福閱讀對(duì)考生的詞匯要求比較高，因此這個(gè)題型的數(shù)量也是比較多的，一般為3-5題，其題型常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)法是：
The word "X" in the passage is closest in meaning to ...
The phrase "X" in the passage is closest in meaning to ...
In stating X, the author means that ...
6. 指代題(Reference)
指代題從出題形式上看似和詞匯題類似，但考察的目標(biāo)卻并非大家的詞匯而是對(duì)文章不同段落特定內(nèi)容的理解。這類文章要求考生具體到文章中尋找指代對(duì)象，雖然題目本身難度不高但卻會(huì)花費(fèi)大家一定時(shí)間，對(duì)于不擅長(zhǎng)返回原文尋找的同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)需要花費(fèi)較多時(shí)間解題。當(dāng)然這類題目數(shù)量并不多，大概在0-2題之間。一般出題形式為：
The word "X" in the passage refers to ...
7. 句子簡(jiǎn)化題(Sentence Simplification)
這個(gè)題型在托福閱讀中出現(xiàn)數(shù)量較少，每篇文章可能只有1題，有時(shí)候不會(huì)出現(xiàn)。簡(jiǎn)化題要求考生根據(jù)原文中的句子選擇一個(gè)能夠表達(dá)其主要含義的選項(xiàng)句子，可以說(shuō)既考大家對(duì)句子的理解也考察考生對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的認(rèn)識(shí)，提問(wèn)方式也是比較固定的：
Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
8. 文本插入題(Insert Text)
文本插入題為必考題型，每篇閱讀固定會(huì)有1題。這個(gè)題型出題形式比較有特色，會(huì)在一個(gè)段落或者上下兩個(gè)段落的各處給出4個(gè)黑色實(shí)心方塊標(biāo)記，然后再給出一個(gè)句子要求考生選擇合適的位置插入這個(gè)文本句子。這道題也是考察大家對(duì)于文章特定段落或是段落之間銜接等方面的理解而設(shè)計(jì)的題型，出題形式是：
Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
[黑體加粗句子]
Where would the sentence best fit?
9. 總結(jié)題(Prose Summary)& 10. 圖表題Fill in a Table
這兩種題型放在一起說(shuō)，是因?yàn)槊科喿x的最后一題都會(huì)從這兩種題型中選擇其一出現(xiàn)，而且考察的都是考生對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)各段落大意的整體理解。從目前的考生反饋來(lái)看，總結(jié)題出現(xiàn)的概率比圖表題要更高一些?？偨Y(jié)題的出題形式是給出6個(gè)選項(xiàng)，然后要求大家從中選擇3個(gè)符合題目要求的選項(xiàng)。而圖表題一般是在文章本身結(jié)構(gòu)包含有對(duì)比和分類時(shí)才會(huì)出現(xiàn)的題型，會(huì)給出更多選項(xiàng)并要求考生分別把不同選項(xiàng)放入題目給出的分類當(dāng)中，當(dāng)然選項(xiàng)數(shù)量也是比實(shí)際正確的答案要更多的。
常見(jiàn)的托福閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題提問(wèn)形式相關(guān)文章：
常見(jiàn)的托福閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題提問(wèn)形式
