托福閱讀中的句子簡化題怎么做？你找對方法了嗎？下面小編給大家?guī)斫棠愀愣ㄍ懈ｉ喿x句子簡化題，望喜歡！

搞定托福閱讀句子簡化題那些小秘密

　　人在出生的時候，最先擁有的感觀能力是“聽”，但隨著長大，真的懂得“聽”的人卻很少。所以我們今天要說的就是“把握言語重點”對托福閱讀理解的影響。

　　例1.有這樣一位小趙同學(xué)，收到了他人這樣的評價：小趙同學(xué)工作勤懇，為人上進(jìn)，人見人愛，花見花開(此處省略100字)...但是她有些冒傻氣。

　　請問這句評價是想表達(dá)什么意思?

　　A. 雖然小趙同學(xué)有點冒傻氣，但是瑕不掩瑜，她仍然是位難得的好同學(xué)。

　　B. 小趙同學(xué)既有優(yōu)點，也有缺點，總體來說，是位好同學(xué)。

　　C. 哎，這位小趙同學(xué)真是傻呀，不過為了避免傷害她，在戳穿這句大實話以前，先說些優(yōu)點安慰安慰她吧。

　　或許善良的你想要選擇A或者B，但是正確答案，卻殘酷冷峻地指向了C。

　　可愛的善良的單純的小朋友們，切記切記：一個"但是"毀所有。無論"但是"前面的內(nèi)容，說的多么天花亂墜，本質(zhì)上都是些給赤裸裸的真相打柔光、加濾鏡的非重點，隨便聽聽即可;而“但是”后面的內(nèi)容，無論多么簡短、傷人、辣眼睛，也請含著淚，默默拿出小本子記重點。

　　除此以外，能夠透過千變?nèi)f化的外表，發(fā)現(xiàn)其中不變的內(nèi)核，也是闖蕩江湖艷驚四座的必備技能。

　　例2：讀過《紅樓夢》的朋友們，一定都對其中提到的一道叫做“茄鲞”的珍饈佳肴印象深刻。劉姥姥在品嘗完這道菜后，只覺得美味異常，卻怎么也猜不出主要的食材，甚至連鳳姐說出主食材是茄子后，劉姥姥也難以置信。這也難怪劉姥姥無法辨識，平素最為熟悉的茄子，竟然可以包裝變身成如此這般——“把才下來的茄子把皮簽了，只要凈肉，切成碎釘子，用雞油炸了，再用雞脯子肉并香菌，新筍，蘑菇，五香腐干，各色干果子，俱切成丁子，用雞湯煨干，將香油一收，外加糟油一拌，盛在瓷罐子里封嚴(yán)，要吃時拿出來，用炒的雞瓜子一拌就是?！彪m然這道菜對于茄子的包裝可謂是前無古人后無來者的做到了極致，但是茄子就是茄子，無論配上了多么華麗麗的配菜與作料，也無法改變這一事實。

　　想象一下，如果你是一桌珍饈美食宴上的座上客，主人也端上了一道“茄鲞”，但與劉姥姥不同，你功力深厚，可以通過層層美味的包裹，識別出其中茄子的真面目，然后悠然自得地感慨一句，“這道茄子做得可真用心啊?！笔且患嗝唇腥伺宸氖虑檠?。

　　人生如題，題如人生(咳咳，有這樣的類比嘛?)，會抓重點，能識別同義轉(zhuǎn)化，是各位同學(xué)在做對題目，過好人生的進(jìn)程中必備的技能。

　　在托福閱讀的十大題型中，解決一類叫作“句子簡化題”的題型時(在托福閱讀考試中，幾乎每篇文章中都會有一句長難句被標(biāo)上高亮，考生需要在4個選項中，選擇出與原文中的表達(dá)最為接近的同義改寫句，這類題目被稱為句子簡化題)，常常需要我們運(yùn)用到以上2種技能。

　　例3：文章中標(biāo)亮了這樣一句話

　　“Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills”

　　題目問

　　Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the high lighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

　　A.Despite the fact that wealth is relatively evenly distributed in pastoral societies, gender inequality still exists because only men can acquire military skills and social status.

　　B.In equalities of gender existed in pastoralist societies until most communities began to require women to possess the same skills as men and take part in the military.

　　C.In equalities of gender in pastoralist societies were caused by steep hierarchies of wealth and differences in military training between men and women.

　　D. In pastoral societies, gender in equality is comparatively mild because wealth is relatively evenly distributed and women have to learn most of the same skills that men do.

　　首先，根據(jù)托福閱讀解決句子簡化題的一般順序，我們先要判斷一下這句長難句主要的邏輯關(guān)系。而句子里的“but”一詞非常明顯地顯示出，這句話主要的邏輯關(guān)系是轉(zhuǎn)折?；貞浺幌律衔闹刑岬降模覀兙蜁乐攸c一定出現(xiàn)在“但是”的后面!后面!后面!

　　所以回到這道題目，這句話強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點在于“they(inequalities of gender) seem to have been softened”(性別不平等的矛盾被緩和了)，而非“inequalitiesof gender have also existed in pastoralist societies”(在農(nóng)業(yè)社會也存在性別不平等的矛盾)。

　　明確了這一點之后，讓我們先來掃視一下四個選項，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)A與C選項后面的兩句話，論述的重點都在于“農(nóng)業(yè)社會存在性別不平等的矛盾”，這顯然與原文的論述重點相左，所以我們就可以放心大膽，瀟瀟灑灑地先將A于C兩個選項排除啦，yeah, so easy!

　　接下來，讓我們再睜大眼睛，仔細(xì)找一找原文中有沒有什么重要的關(guān)鍵詞，可以在剩余的兩個選項中找到同義轉(zhuǎn)換。

　　此處需要特別提醒一些單純的小朋友：托福閱讀文章中的關(guān)鍵詞，一般不會以一模一樣的形式再現(xiàn)在正確選項中，而是會用它的一些近義詞進(jìn)行同義改寫后，再放回到正確答案中。而錯誤的答案，則往往會把原文中出現(xiàn)過的一些關(guān)鍵詞照搬進(jìn)來，再以一些錯誤的邏輯關(guān)系，把這些關(guān)鍵詞胡亂地組合在一起，所以大家在做題的時候，千萬不能只抓局部的關(guān)鍵詞，而是要將關(guān)鍵詞所在的整句話都通讀一遍。

　　相信眼尖的同學(xué)，很快就能在在原文中抓住一個關(guān)鍵的動詞 – “soften”，放在這里表示“緩和”矛盾。而在D選項中，這個動詞被同義轉(zhuǎn)換為了一個形容詞詞組“comparativelymild”(相對緩和)。辨識出了這一點，解決這道題目的工程，基本上也就大功告成了。

　　最后，如果時間允許，讓我們再來通讀檢查一下D選項的表達(dá)，是否真的與原文一致，是否有遺漏關(guān)鍵信息 (同學(xué)們要注意，在句子簡化題的題干中，出題者非常善良地提醒了我們，不正確的選項，除了有一類是與原文表達(dá)意思不符外- change the meaning in important ways，還有一類是遺漏了重要信息- leave out essential information, 所有我們要選擇的正確答案所傳達(dá)的信息一定要又準(zhǔn)又全)。

　　原文當(dāng)中，導(dǎo)致一些農(nóng)業(yè)社群中性別不平等的矛盾有所緩和的原因主要有兩點(介詞“by”表手段、方式，原文中有兩個“by”,所以可以判定應(yīng)該有兩種主要的原因)。其一是“財富分配沒有明顯的等級差異”(theabsence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities)，其二是“女人需要習(xí)得與男人一樣的技能”(therequirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often,their military skills)。顯然，D選項的表述不打折扣地重復(fù)了這兩點原因，可謂是又準(zhǔn)又全，所以，讓我們一起放心瀟灑地選擇D選項吧。

　　綜上所述，成功搞定一道句子簡化題，需要我們有清晰的邏輯思路，準(zhǔn)確的重點判斷和敏銳的識別同義轉(zhuǎn)化的能力，同時還需要我們有識別陷阱的警覺力。

　　托福閱讀句子簡化題：不以讀懂句意為前提的技巧都是耍流氓

　　句子簡化題的考察形式非常容易識別，我們會在原文一段話中看到被“高亮”出的一個句子：

　　Paragraph 9: The relative amount of these two kinds of water varies greatly from one kind of rock or sediment to another, even though their porosities may be the same. What happens depends on pore size.If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.

　　然后結(jié)合這個句子問這樣一個問題：

　　Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

　　如何攻克句子簡化題呢?

　　首先，既然題目讓我們選擇與原句句意相同的選項，那就必須要保證能夠讀懂題目和各個選項句子的意思。切記，看懂才能做題，看不懂句子不要談提高正確率。

　　看懂題目句子，在做這種題的時候可能還會在如下兩點出現(xiàn)錯誤：

　　句子太長、信息太多，在判斷選項的時候容易被選項拐跑，忘記了原句準(zhǔn)確的意思，勿中干擾選項的陷阱。

　　對于原句和選項的改寫判斷錯誤，錯選意思與原句不相符的答案

　　問題1：句子太長、信息太多，在判斷選項的時候容易被選項拐跑，忘記了原句準(zhǔn)確的意思，勿中干擾選項的陷阱。

　　這個問題可以通過以下這個方式來解決。讀完句子后、判斷選項前，我們嘗試著把剛看完的這個長長的句子“分層”。所謂的分層，是根據(jù)連接詞將長句子中的幾個分句分別挑出來，單獨(dú)來看。就好像把一個蛋糕分成小塊，吃起來才比較方便。之后，判斷每個選項時，也將選項進(jìn)行分層。我們要將原句的每一塊“蛋糕”，和選項的每一塊“蛋糕”分別進(jìn)行比對，來判斷該選項是否與原文一致。同時，除了判斷每一個分句句意是否對應(yīng)，也要判斷連接分句的連接詞是否也能構(gòu)成對應(yīng)的改寫。

　　例題：

　　Only the last of these(指代前文running water) was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines, and although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills, it had one great disadvantage: streams flowed where nature intended them to, and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons.

　　○Running water was the best power source for factories since it could keep machines operating continuously, but since it was abundant only in Lancashire and Scotland, most mills and factories that were located elsewhere could not be water driven.

　　○The disadvantage of using waterpower is that streams do not necessarily flow in places that are the most suitable for factories, which explains why so many water-powered grain and textile mills were located in undesirable places.

　　○Since machines could be operated continuously only where running water was abundant, grain and textile mills, as well as other factories, tended to be located only in Lancashire and Scotland.

　　○Running water was the only source of power that was suitable for the continuous operation of machines, but to make use of it, factories had to be located where the water was, regardless of whether such locations made sense otherwise.

　　讀清楚題目句子的意思之后，根據(jù)連接詞將它分成三個部分，如下所示。

　　Only the last of these(指代前文running water) was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines, and although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills,it had one great disadvantage: streams flowed where nature intended them to, and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons.

　　“準(zhǔn)備工作”完成之后，我們來依次判斷選項。

　　A選項錯誤：第一部分“Running water was the best power source for factories”的意思，原文三部分都未曾提及。原句橙色部分只說“只有水完全適合機(jī)械的持續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”，但是否只有水適合、或者水最適合factories?factories和machine的持續(xù)運(yùn)作并不等價。其次，原文的藍(lán)色部分也并沒有提到A選項后半部分所述的“流水僅僅在Lancashire和Scotland是很豐富的”。

　　B選項錯誤：第二部分“so many water-powered grain and textile mills were located in undesirable places”在原句中并未提到，原句藍(lán)色部分只說“L和S地區(qū)的水力能夠給grain mills和textile mills提供動力”。

　　C選項錯誤：第一部分上來就錯了，原句橙色部分根本沒講“機(jī)械只能在水很豐富的地方運(yùn)行”。

　　D選項正確：第一部分對應(yīng)原句橙色部分，第二部分對應(yīng)原句紫色部分，妥妥的正確。

　　問題2：對于原句和選項的改寫判斷錯誤，錯選意思與原句不相符的答案

　　如果是因為對句意和選項意思把握不夠準(zhǔn)確而產(chǎn)生的這個問題，請多讀讀文章，認(rèn)真背單詞，好好翻譯翻譯句子。

　　如果是邏輯不夠嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、不夠仔細(xì)而導(dǎo)致判斷改寫出錯，“錯把馮京當(dāng)馬涼”，請多刷刷題，各種題，都能治。

　　一些防不勝防的變態(tài)正確選項

　 正確答案的邏輯關(guān)系與原句的邏輯關(guān)系貌似不符(出現(xiàn)幾率10.7%)

　　有些同學(xué)喜歡根據(jù)“邏輯”來判斷選項的正誤，選項有原文的“邏輯關(guān)系”(大部分時候其實就是連詞)，那么選項有可能是正確的。下面的例題對于這種解法提了個醒。

　　例題：

　　For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them; nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.

　　正確答案為：

　　Myths sometimes survived in a society’s tradition because of their artistic qualities even after they were no longer deemed religiously beneficial.

　　正確選項的因果關(guān)系在原文并未直接給出，但是記住，邏輯關(guān)系并不一定是通過連接詞來表達(dá)的，比如result from就可以表示因果關(guān)系，經(jīng)過改寫完全可以變成“because … , …”的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。再者，往往很多邏輯關(guān)系在初步理解句意的時候是無法非常直觀的判斷出來。

　　本題的句意，不僅描述了myths被保留下來，更是說明保留神話的原因是其藝術(shù)價值，所以正確答案的這個因果關(guān)系是符合原句意思的。

　　再比如這個題目：

　　The growth of the electric-power industry was the result of a remarkable series of scientific discoveries and development in electrotechnology during the nineteenth century, but significant changes in what we might now call hydro (water) technology also played their part.

　　正確答案：

　　Advances in electrotechnology in the nineteenth century and changes in hydro technology were responsible for the growth of the electric-power industry.

　　這答案根本沒有原文的“but”，但是并不影響這個句子100%復(fù)述了題目句子的含義。

　　出現(xiàn)幾率10%，這個比例并非小數(shù)目。這恰巧說明，同意改寫確實是閱讀中考察的一個重點。而同意改寫并非一些古板的規(guī)則能夠歸納總結(jié)，具體情況還是要根據(jù)人家給出的句子和選項的意思來判斷。

　　2 正確答案并不包含句子主干(出現(xiàn)幾率5.4%)or省略部分原句信息(出現(xiàn)幾率35.7%)

　　納尼!居然以前老師講的“對應(yīng)主干”是不對的?

　　其實把這個現(xiàn)象解釋成“沒有100%通用的方法”，是可以說得通的，畢竟萬事沒有絕對。但是對于這種題目，“對應(yīng)主干”的解題步驟可能需要打個折扣。原因在于一個句子的essential information有時候未必通過句子結(jié)構(gòu)能夠判斷出來，就好像“狀語”和“定語”有時候都長一個樣子。

　　遇到這類題目，使用排除的思路更合適。最后剩下的那個選項與原句部分相符，而其他選項句意都錯誤，即使它不包含主干，那么也唯有選它了。

　　例題：

　　In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them—even while building materials have changed dramatically.

　　“據(jù)說”句子的主語和謂語在答案中是需要有的，不過答案偏偏是：Unlike building materials, the methods of support used in architecture have not changed over time because they are based on physical laws.

　　找誰說理去。

　　除了句子“主干”被拋棄，“次要信息”被拋棄的情況會更多，出現(xiàn)幾率更大，相信大家在做官方真題Official的時候一定會遇到個把這樣的選項，扔掉了部分原句的內(nèi)容。由于這類選項很多，在這兒就不舉例子了。

　　#3 句子中會出現(xiàn)指代前文的代詞，需要根據(jù)前文確認(rèn)指代內(nèi)容(出現(xiàn)幾率5.4%)

　　比如剛才那道running water的題，原句上來就是only the last of these。要想看懂句意，必然結(jié)合前文確定指代內(nèi)容，這樣才能選擇答案。

　　#4 結(jié)合前文信息，才能準(zhǔn)確理解并判斷選項(出現(xiàn)幾率3.6%)

　　例題：

　　In addition to finding an increase of suitable browse, like huckleberry and vine maple, Arthur Einarsen, longtime game biologist in the Pacific Northwest, found quality of browse in the open areas to be substantially more nutritive.

　　正確答案為：

　　Arthur Einarsen found that deforested feeding grounds provided deer with more and better food.

　　很多同學(xué)對這個題目中open areas開闊地區(qū)和deforested grounds的改寫非常費(fèi)解。其實這個句子的前文講到了第三個使得鹿群數(shù)量增長的原因，這個原因就是森林都被砍伐了。然后這句話說道，open areas的食物不僅多、而且有營養(yǎng)，就是黑尾鹿增加的原因。所以前文提到的森林都被砍伐了的地區(qū)deforested grounds就是句子里說到的open areas。極個別的題目，還真沒法只看這一句就100%理解并得到答案。

　　#5 正確選項和原句句意差別較大(出現(xiàn)幾率5.4%)

　　例題：

　　Over long periods of time, substances whose physical and chemical properties change with the ambient climate at the time can be deposited in a systematic way to provide a continuous record of changes in those properties overtime, sometimes for hundreds or thousands of years.

　　正確答案為：

　　Changes in systematically deposited substances that are affected by climate can indicate climate variations over time.

　　原句所述為“物質(zhì)的化學(xué)和物理性質(zhì)會隨著環(huán)境變化，這些物質(zhì)能夠以一定的順序沉積，從而記錄這些性質(zhì)變化的情況”，而正確答案內(nèi)容為“沉積的物質(zhì)中特性的變化能夠表明環(huán)境的變化”。

　　這個正確選項雖未能與原句每部分直接構(gòu)成明顯的改寫，但根據(jù)原句的意思是能夠得出這個答案的。這種情況下，同樣也要有排除選項的意識的。我們可以摟一眼下面的錯誤選項，意思都與原文是不相符的。

　　錯誤選項：

　　○ Because physical and chemical properties of substances are unchanging, they are useful records of climate fluctuations over time.

　　○ For hundreds or thousands of years, people have been observing changes in the chemical and physical properties of substances in order to infer climate change.

　　○ Because it takes long periods of time for the climate to change, systematic changes in the properties of substances are difficult to observe.

　　雖然這些變態(tài)的情況出現(xiàn)幾率不算高，但是大家也需要注意，以免到時候丟分。如果不注意，不要再來問：為什么我會錯個別的句子簡化題。

　　這TM也配當(dāng)錯誤選項

　　大部分錯誤選項與原句信息不符、或講述了一些原句根本沒有提到的內(nèi)容。但是還有一些選項，句意沒錯，但并不能作為正確答案，原因是這樣的。

　　例題：

　　Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits’ settling on the sea bottom—buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas.

　　正確選項：

　　○Increase pressure and heat from the weight of the sediment turn the organic remains into petroleum.

　　干擾選項：

　　○Deposits of sediments on top of organic matter increase the temperature of and pressure on the matter.

　　正確選項不僅對應(yīng)原句逗號前面整句話的信息，還包含了逗號后面的內(nèi)容。干擾選項雖然對應(yīng)逗號前面的部分，但是逗號后面的內(nèi)容并未包含。相比之下，包含原句的信息更多且句意正確的選項，更應(yīng)該是正確答案。

　　換個角度來講，正確答案的意思更能夠完整表達(dá)原句的意思。原句逗號后面的內(nèi)容雖然是從句，但卻是整個過程發(fā)生后的結(jié)果。干擾選項未將其納入句中，表達(dá)的意思便稍稍欠缺火候。

　　貌似應(yīng)該有總結(jié)!

　　bibi了這么多，簡短的小結(jié)一下：

　　理解句意非常必要。

　　分層分塊，再判斷選項。

　　重要的是判斷選項的意思正確與否，什么主干不主干的，邏輯不邏輯的，先放放哈。

　　對應(yīng)原句信息更多，且句意正確的選項，更應(yīng)該選。

　　根據(jù)情況，適當(dāng)結(jié)合上下文。

　　TPO1-34托福閱讀句子簡化題匯總

Graves drew two conclusions from these observations. First, at least some of the observed differences between the enzymes of the Atlantic and Pacific fish

　　populations were not random but were the result of evolutionary adaptation. Second, it appears that closely related populations of fishes on both sides of the isthmus are starting to genetically diverge from each other. Because Graves’s study of geographically isolated populations of isthmus fishes offers a glimpse of the beginning of a process of gradual accumulation of mutations that are neutral or adaptive, divergences here might be evidence of allopatric speciation in process. Q12 Which of the sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

　　A. Graves’s study provides evidence that isthmus fishes are in the process of becoming geographically isolated.

　　B. Graves’s study of mutating isthmus fishes yields results that differ from results of other studies involving allopatric speciation.

　　C. Graves’s study of isolated populations of isthmus fishes provides some evidence that allopatric speciation might be beginning.

　　D. Graves’s study indicates that when isolated, populations of isthmus fishes register neutral or adaptive mutations.

　　1. 首先確定句子核心信息

　　Because Graves’s study of geographically isolated populations of isthmus fishes offers a glimpse of the beginning of a process of gradual accumulation of mutations that are neutral or adaptive, 【divergences here might be evidence of allopatric speciation in process.】

　　詞匯：

　　A glimpse of 看見，瞥見 Mutation 突變，變種

　　Divergence 變化，變異

　　Allopatric speciation 異地物種形成

　　2. 理解大意

　　該句是由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句和方括號內(nèi)的主句組成的嵌套句，從句的主謂賓已用綠色字體標(biāo)出，大意為：因為G的研究讓人們看到了突變的逐漸累積過程的開始，所以這里的變異可能是正在進(jìn)行中的異地物種形成的證據(jù)。也即是說：G的研究為異地物種形成提供了證據(jù)。

　　3. 核對選項

　　A. Graves’s study provides evidence that isthmus fishes are in the process of

　　becoming geographically isolated.

　　A選項主句信息缺失

　　B. Graves’s study of mutating isthmus fishes yields results that differ from results of

　　other studies involving allopatric speciation. B選項提到“不同”，而原句未提及

　　C. Graves’s study of isolated populations of isthmus fishes provides some evidence

　　that allopatric speciation might be beginning.

　　C選項說到G關(guān)于魚的研究為異地物種形成的開始提供了證據(jù)，與之前分析的大意一致

　　D. Graves’s study indicates that when isolated, populations of isthmus fishes

　　register neutral or adaptive mutations. D選項主句信息缺失

　　所以該題正確答案為C。