托福閱讀考試最后一道題是文章小結(jié)題，大多數(shù)情況下為六選三的題目，要求考生通過閱讀，對(duì)全文內(nèi)容有一個(gè)全面的了解，然后選出能夠表達(dá)文章主要內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)。從整體閱讀考試來看，很多考生到了這一題的時(shí)候，所剩時(shí)間不多，加之這類型題目又需要聯(lián)系全文并且總攬全局，所以這種類型題就成了大多數(shù)考生的軟肋，很多同學(xué)基本處于放棄的狀態(tài)。但是，作為備考，我們是不能先從心理上放棄某個(gè)題目的，所以還是應(yīng)該在有限的備考時(shí)間中，爭(zhēng)取突破這類題目的瓶頸，爭(zhēng)取考試的時(shí)候一舉拿下文章小結(jié)題。那么我們應(yīng)該怎樣備考呢?今天我們就來一起討論一下如何有效備考“六選三”閱讀題。

托福閱讀題型：六選三題型該怎么做?

俗話說，知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆，所以我們先來看一下這類題目的答題要求

Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

通過閱讀 directions，我們得到以下信息：

有 3 個(gè)正確答案正確答案應(yīng)該表達(dá) the most important ideas錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)有兩類：一是與原文不符的，二是原文中的細(xì)節(jié)信息分值 2 分

所以我們可以看出，這類題目要求我們?cè)陂喿x過程中，或者是在閱讀結(jié)束后，需要在頭腦中形成一個(gè)文章的整體框架，涵蓋整篇文章的主要觀點(diǎn)和信息。所以梳理關(guān)系，掌握框架成為解這道題目的關(guān)鍵。這里介紹一個(gè)非常好的解決辦法，就是朗播網(wǎng)主推的閱讀筆記法，在閱讀的時(shí)候，把主要觀點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵信息記錄下來，同時(shí)梳理信息之間的關(guān)系，既可以幫助理解文章內(nèi)容，也可以避免因?yàn)橥浿饕^點(diǎn)而不停地回讀文章，浪費(fèi)大量時(shí)間，考生直接看筆記，就可以比較直觀地抓住文章的主要內(nèi)容了。

大家可以先來看這樣一個(gè)例子：

If true, though, why did cold-blooded animals such as snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles survive the freezing winters and torrid summers? These animals are at the mercy of the climate to maintain a livable body temperature. It’s hard to understand why they would not be affected, whereas dinosaurs were left too crippled to cope, especially if, as some scientists believe, dinosaurs were warm-blooded. Critics also point out that the shallow seaways had retreated from and advanced on the continents numerous times during the Mesozoic, so why did the dinosaurs survive the climatic changes associated with the earlier fluctuations but not with this one? Although initially appealing, the hypothesis of a simple climatic change related to sea levels is insufficient to explain all the data.

光看上面這段文字，只是單純的單詞和句子組合到一起，看完之后很有可能會(huì)忘記，如果問題中，特別是最后的六選三題目問到相關(guān)問題，很多同學(xué)都會(huì)進(jìn)行重讀，不僅會(huì)花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間，而且一緊張反倒讀不懂簡(jiǎn)單的句子了，那么我們來看一下運(yùn)用筆記法記出來的內(nèi)容是什么樣子的呢：

通過上面的筆記，整段內(nèi)容的框架就比較清楚了：文章向我們闡述了兩個(gè)問題，通過這兩個(gè)問題，得出來了一個(gè)結(jié)論。大家看一下，框架性是不是很強(qiáng)?所以，這樣不用重讀，大家也可以知道這部分的主要內(nèi)容了。如果整篇文章都按照這樣一個(gè)方法記下來的話，還用愁忘記文章內(nèi)容嗎?大家還不趕快學(xué)起來!

托福詞匯之閱讀核心詞匯

思考類動(dòng)詞總結(jié)

Think/assume/conceive/conclude/expect/

determine/hold/judge/presume/reckon/see/

sense/suppose/comprehend/consider/deduce/

infer/deliberate/evaluate/examine/meditate/

mull/mull over/muse/ponder/rationalize/reason/

reflect/resolve/ruminate/speculate/

study/turn over/weigh/contemplate/convey

思考類名詞總結(jié)(觀點(diǎn)/概念/理論)

Notion/idea/view/concept/perception

perspective/observation/examination

witness/judgment/approach/hypothesis

impression/supposition/theory/thought

apprehension/comprehension/realization

consideration/interpretation/understanding

speculation/version/picture/inclination/ideology

支持類單詞總結(jié)

Support/maintain/insist/hold/uphold/agree/

accede/admit/consent/assent/verify/revel in/

glory in/believe in/dictate/celebrate/value

反對(duì)類單詞總結(jié)

Contradict/decline/disagree/dispute/dissent/

oppose/protest/refuse/abandon/neglect/

disapprove/condemn

核心的;主要的;基本的;內(nèi)在的

essential/chief/crucial/core

fundamental/main/key/inborn

principal/elementary/primary

indispensable/central/vital

underlying/inherent/intrinsic/inborn

重要的;顯著的

important/valuable/substantial/big/considerable/

critical/crucial/decisive/earnest/exceptional/marked

meaningful/momentous/paramount/salient/significant/weighty

eminent/influential/outstanding/distinctive/esteemed/grand

honored/illustrious/leading/majestic/notable/powerful

prominent/remarkable/solid/superior/conspicuous

限制/阻撓

limit/confine/compress/decrease/lessen

narrow/bar/bind/cap/check/constraint/curb

impede/inhibit/obstruct/restrict/cramp

diminish/block/choke/frustrate/hamper

hinder/retard/stall/throttle/thwart

退步

decline/halt/repress/recession/cease/fall

減少

decrease/abate/curb/curtail/drop/ebb

evaporate/fade/lower/reduce/restrain/shrink

slacken/slump/subside/wane/diminish/subtract

增加/發(fā)展

increase/develop/enlarge/expand/grow/raise

advance/aggrandize/amplify/augment/boost/

broaden/enhance/enlarge/escalate/extend

further/heighten/inflate/magnify/mount

progress/proliferate/spread/swell/widen

托福詞匯積累之興趣愛好

hobby 業(yè)余愛好

play the guitar 彈吉他

play chess 下棋

long-distance running長(zhǎng)跑

play bridge 打橋牌

collect stamps 集郵

play tennis 打網(wǎng)球

jogging 慢跑

sewing 縫紉

travelling 旅游

do some claysculptures 搞泥塑

與低碳生活有關(guān)的托福詞匯

低碳 Low-Carbon

低碳經(jīng)濟(jì) Low-Carbon Economy(LCE)

低碳生活 Low-Carbon Life

低碳旅游 Low-Carbon Tour

低碳城市化道路Low-Carbon urbanization way

碳 Carbon

二氧化碳 Carbon dioxide

二氧化碳排放 the output of the carbon dioxide

二氧化碳濃度Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide

碳減排Carbon emission reduction

碳排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Standard for carbon dioxide emission

碳排放責(zé)任 Liability for carbon dioxide emission

越境碳污染 Trans-frontier carbon dioxide pollution

一氧化碳 Carbon monoxide

溫室氣體 Greenhouse gas(GHS)

溫室氣體排放 Greenhouse gas emission

溫室效應(yīng) Greenhouse effect

全球氣候變暖 Global warming

生物圈 Biosphere

大氣層 Atmosphere

大氣模型 Atmospheric models

空氣質(zhì)量管理 Air quality management

大氣監(jiān)測(cè) Atmospheric monitoring

大氣修正 Atmospheric corrections

大氣層的化學(xué)成分Chemical composition of the atmosphere

臭氧層 Ozone layer

紫外線 Ultraviolet ray

紅外線 Infrared

環(huán)境 Environment

生態(tài) Ecology

生態(tài)系統(tǒng) Ecosystem

工業(yè)煙塵 Industrial fumes

環(huán)境核算 Environmental accounting

環(huán)境審計(jì) Environmental auditing

環(huán)境健康影響評(píng)價(jià) Environmental health impact assessment

環(huán)境影響 Environmental impact

環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià) Environmental impact assessment

環(huán)境影響狀報(bào)告書 Environmental impact statement

環(huán)境指標(biāo) Environmental indicators

環(huán)境政策 Environmental policy

環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估 Environmental risk assessment

可持續(xù)發(fā)展 Sustainable development

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