詞義推斷 三招過(guò)關(guān)

　　眾所周知，近年來(lái)高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題非常重視考查考生分析語(yǔ)境推斷詞義的能力，本文結(jié)合2006年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題談?wù)勂涑Ｒ?jiàn)解題方法。下面是小編為您收集整理的詞義推斷、三招過(guò)關(guān)，供大家參考!

　　詞義推斷 三招過(guò)關(guān)

　　一、弄清人稱演變過(guò)程，巧妙推斷代詞意義

　　高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解代詞意義判斷題主要考查考生結(jié)合語(yǔ)境邏輯推斷人稱代詞、指示代詞和關(guān)系代詞意義的能力。人稱代詞主要包括it(可指代動(dòng)物、無(wú)生命事物、特定事件或人)、they(可指代復(fù)數(shù)人、動(dòng)物、物品、事件)、he、 she等。指示代詞主要以this、these、 that、 those為題點(diǎn)，考查考生對(duì)特定人/物、事件的再認(rèn)能力。歷年高考代詞意義判斷題主要出現(xiàn)在人稱轉(zhuǎn)換頻、動(dòng)作變換多的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中，解題時(shí)應(yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀特定代詞所在句和前后鄰近句，分析人稱轉(zhuǎn)換和動(dòng)作變換的詳細(xì)過(guò)程，弄清其來(lái)龍去脈，以便準(zhǔn)確理解特定代詞在意義上的替代對(duì)象。

　　例1 (2006年全國(guó)卷ⅰ)原文：several years ago we had one timetable that operated throughout, but we soon found that both the students and the teachers lost interest by about halfway through the ten weeks. this led us to a major re-think, so finally we brought it into line with the expressed language needs of the students.

　　68. the word “it” underlined in the last paragraph refers to “__________”.

　　a. re-think b. activity

　　c. motivation d. timetable

　　析：答案為d。認(rèn)真閱讀分析該詞所在句及前一句可知，前一句指一張貫徹始終的時(shí)間表讓師生們興趣全無(wú)，因此應(yīng)和學(xué)生語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)需要一致起來(lái)的正是這一時(shí)間表。

　　例2 (2006年全國(guó)卷ⅱ)原文：the chances opened up by trade are vast, she argues, but free markets need the correcting force of politics to keep them in check.

　　59. what does the word “them” underlined in the last paragraph refer to?

　　a. free markets.

　　b. price changes.

　　c. unexpected connections.

　　d. chances opened up by trade.

　　析：答案為a。該詞所在句后半句含義為：但是自由市場(chǎng)需要具有校正功能的政治力量來(lái)使它們處于控制之中，可見(jiàn)這兒的them指自由市場(chǎng)。

　　例3 (2006年陜西)原文：as we have seen, work has to be compared with other values like family life, which often get lost in its interest.

　　58. in the last paragraph, the underlined word “which” refers to _______.

　　a. family life b. situations

　　c. other values d. trends

　　析：答案為c。認(rèn)真閱讀分析該詞所在句可知，該詞為定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞，其先行詞為other values，可見(jiàn)which就指代other values。

　　二、結(jié)合原有含義分析所在語(yǔ)境，巧妙推斷熟詞新含義

　　不少熟詞或詞組在特定語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中產(chǎn)生新含義，這一新含義既來(lái)源于原含義又呈現(xiàn)新特點(diǎn)，解題時(shí)應(yīng)將原含義與新語(yǔ)境結(jié)合起來(lái)綜合考慮，從而準(zhǔn)確推斷其語(yǔ)境新含義。

　　例1 (2006年全國(guó)卷ⅰ)原文：i took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car.

　　61. the words “took off” underlined in paragraph 2 mean “__________”.

　　a. turned off b. moved off

　　c. put up d. set up

　　析：答案為b。take off原本指“飛機(jī)起飛，脫掉衣服”，含有“使……脫離”之意，結(jié)合had gone不難發(fā)現(xiàn)took off表示“離開(kāi)”。

　　例2 (2006年全國(guó)卷ⅱ)原文：in the colorful used-clothing markets of tanzania, she realizes that: “it is only in this final stage of life that the t-shirt will meet a real market,” where the price of a shirt changes by the hour and is different by its size and even color.

　　58. by saying t-shirts “meet a real market”, rivoli means in tanzania __________.

　　a. cheaper t-shirts are needed

　　b. used t-shirts are hard to sell

　　c. prices of t-shirt rise and fall frequently

　　d. prices of t-shirts are usually reasonable

　　析：答案為c。meet a real market本義為“遇到真正的市場(chǎng)”，由后面where the price of a shirt changes by the hour and is different by its size and even color這一解釋性后置定語(yǔ)可知，其新含義為“t恤衫價(jià)格頻繁起伏”。

　　例3 (2006年浙江)原文：the wealth of their owners-and the way they throw money around-may make your son feel sorry for himself, unless you help him understand that you and his dad save some of the money, give some to people who don’t have enough and use the rest to pay for whatever the family needs.

　　59. by saying “throw money around” (paragraph 5), the author means that rich people _______.

　　a. spend money carelessly

　　b. save money for their children

　　c. help the poor people willingly

　　d. leave money all round the house

　　析：答案為a。認(rèn)真閱讀分析該詞所在句可知，作者要求讀者教育兒子理解自己用錢周濟(jì)窮人維持家用的做法，不要為鄰居因?yàn)楦挥卸S意花錢感到難受，可見(jiàn)該詞含義為“隨意花錢”，這與throw money around的本義“到處扔錢”有密切聯(lián)系。

　　三、認(rèn)真分析語(yǔ)境邏輯，巧妙推斷生詞含義

　　生詞詞義判斷題是高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解詞義判斷題最常見(jiàn)題型，解題時(shí)應(yīng)認(rèn)真分析語(yǔ)境邏輯，借助因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系、定義解釋、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系或并列關(guān)系巧妙推斷生詞含義。

　　例1 (2006年浙江)原文：the following year, he met john ridgway and was hired as an instructor at ridgway’s school of adventure in scotland, where he learned about ridgway’s cold-water exploits. greatly interested, saunders read all he could about north pole explorers and adventures, then decided that this would be his future.

　　42. the underlined word “exploits” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to ________.

　　a. journeys b. researches

　　c. adventures d. operations

　　析：答案為c。認(rèn)真閱讀分析該詞所在句及后一句可知，后一句是對(duì)主人公搜尋有關(guān)該詞信息的描繪，可見(jiàn)該詞與冒險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)有關(guān)。

　　例2 (2006年福建)原文：the schools are reluctant to take time off——even teachers with tickets for the england-argentina game had trouble getting the day off.

　　59. the underlined word“reluctant”in the passage may probably mean________.

　　a. kind b. unwilling

　　c. free d. careless

　　析：答案為b。分析該詞所在句可知，破折號(hào)后面內(nèi)容意義為：即使擁有英格蘭和阿根廷比賽球票的教師請(qǐng)假出來(lái)看比賽也很困難，因此該詞意義為“不情愿的”。

　　例3 (2006年湖北)原文：we guarantee that you have nothing to lose if it’s not for you; let us know within 6 weeks and we will completely reimburse you.

　　59. what does the underlined part “reimburse” probably mean?

　　a. return the money you paid.

　　b. change the product you bought.

　　c. offer you a free repair.

　　d. guarantee you the quality.

　　析：答案為a。認(rèn)真閱讀分析該詞所在句可知，前半句表明即使消費(fèi)者不滿意也不會(huì)有任何損失，可見(jiàn)該詞指全額退款。

　　值得注意的是，有些生詞是熟詞詞性變化詞，但根據(jù)一般構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)難以準(zhǔn)確推斷其意義，此時(shí)仍應(yīng)借助語(yǔ)境邏輯進(jìn)行意義推斷。

　　例4 (2006年福建)原文：anyone choosing to take up this free service will receive a recorded message directly to their home, business or pager telling them of the level of warning, giving them as much time as possible to carry out their flood plan and save items that cannot be replaced if lost or damaged, such as photographs or children’s favorite toys.

　　73. what does the underlined word“pager”mean in the passage?

　　a. a boy employed to carry luggage in hotels.

　　b. a piece of equipment designed to receive and show messages.

　　c. a page of papers written to offer messages.

　　d. a person invited to write pages of messages.

　　析：答案為b。該詞雖由page + er構(gòu)成，但無(wú)法判斷其準(zhǔn)確意義，認(rèn)真閱讀分析該詞所在句可知，該詞與home, business并列，可見(jiàn)該詞也是可以接受并顯示警告信息的地方或設(shè)備。

　　同學(xué)們可以借鑒以上方法，在平時(shí)練習(xí)中多運(yùn)用，熟能生巧，提高閱讀題正確率。

　　快速記單詞的方法有哪些

　　相信大家都知道音標(biāo)是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)最基礎(chǔ)的一部分，學(xué)好音標(biāo)會(huì)讓你今后的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)也變得輕松起來(lái)。其中最直接的就可以利用音標(biāo)來(lái)方便地記單詞。相信大家都有過(guò)這樣的感受，經(jīng)?？匆?jiàn)某個(gè)音標(biāo)就大概可以寫(xiě)出其對(duì)應(yīng)的單詞拼寫(xiě)了。相信大家也希望能夠掌握到這一項(xiàng)新的技能，下面就來(lái)看看一些老師介紹的方法吧!

　　1. 首先你需要掌握音標(biāo)的認(rèn)讀，準(zhǔn)確發(fā)出每一個(gè)音，在讀單詞時(shí)先通過(guò)音標(biāo)來(lái)自己拼讀。

　　2. 掌握一些單詞中固定拼寫(xiě)的發(fā)音規(guī)律，比如ea這個(gè)組合常常發(fā)長(zhǎng)音 [i:] ，因此在背break，tea，speak，weak等詞的時(shí)候就可以利用這一發(fā)音現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行記憶。所以，只需要對(duì)ea不發(fā)這個(gè)音的時(shí)候的情況進(jìn)行背記。大多數(shù)情況就可以根據(jù)規(guī)則直接拼寫(xiě)出來(lái)。

　　3. 要知道如何劃分音節(jié)。音節(jié)顧名思義也就是讀音的一個(gè)小節(jié)處，也就是讀音的基本單位。一個(gè)音節(jié)一定要包含元音音素，有時(shí)候也可以是元音音素和輔音音素的組合。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)together[tə'ɡeðə(r)] 這個(gè)詞就有三個(gè)音節(jié)， 分別是[tə] 對(duì)應(yīng) to，[ɡe]對(duì)應(yīng)ge ,[ðə(r)] 對(duì)應(yīng)ther。 在讀一個(gè)單詞時(shí)用小豎線將不同音節(jié)畫(huà)下來(lái)，對(duì)應(yīng)讀音來(lái)記憶單詞會(huì)非常有效。