托福聽(tīng)力——你的聽(tīng)寫(xiě)姿勢(shì)正確嗎
聽(tīng)寫(xiě)是許多人練習(xí)托福聽(tīng)力的一種方法,實(shí)際上聽(tīng)寫(xiě)也是有技巧可言的,那么你的聽(tīng)寫(xiě)姿勢(shì)正確嗎?下面小編給大家分享一下相關(guān)內(nèi)容!
托福聽(tīng)力——你的聽(tīng)寫(xiě)姿勢(shì)正確嗎?
相信許多備戰(zhàn)托福的考生都做過(guò)一項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練:聽(tīng)寫(xiě)。聽(tīng)寫(xiě)作為一種練習(xí)聽(tīng)力的方法,來(lái)源已久,曾被吹捧為“提高聽(tīng)力的唯一方法”,也曾被貶低成“浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的錯(cuò)誤方法”。盡管對(duì)其評(píng)價(jià)褒貶不一,很多聽(tīng)力老師仍會(huì)不遺余力地向?qū)W生推廣這一練習(xí)方法,我亦是如此。然而,學(xué)生在練習(xí)過(guò)后,卻時(shí)有發(fā)出“聽(tīng)寫(xiě)沒(méi)有用”等諸如此類(lèi)的質(zhì)疑。至此,不禁要反問(wèn)一句,同學(xué),你的聽(tīng)寫(xiě)姿勢(shì)正確嗎?
練習(xí)聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的目的,無(wú)疑是為了“聽(tīng)懂”英語(yǔ),然后轉(zhuǎn)換成托??荚囍懈叩恼_率。但是,聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的時(shí)候,你在做什么呢?1,努力聽(tīng)懂每一個(gè)單詞;2,努力拼寫(xiě)每一個(gè)單詞;3,忍不住偷偷查個(gè)字典;4,看著滿(mǎn)篇用各種顏色修改好的聽(tīng)寫(xiě)感動(dòng)到偷偷掉眼淚;5,拍照留念發(fā)朋友圈。當(dāng)然,后兩條是和大家開(kāi)了個(gè)玩笑。但對(duì)比一下很多考生的聽(tīng)寫(xiě)步驟,基本不外乎如此。我有一位聽(tīng)力水平在13分左右的學(xué)生天天矜矜業(yè)業(yè)的做聽(tīng)寫(xiě),每天一篇TPO Lecture,每日大致花3小時(shí)左右在這項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練上,堅(jiān)持將近2周之后,把自己和父母都感動(dòng)了,但憂(yōu)傷的是,聽(tīng)力水平(TPO做題正確率)基本沒(méi)有太大提升。在復(fù)查了這位學(xué)生的聽(tīng)寫(xiě)步驟之后,我們之間發(fā)生了這樣的對(duì)話(huà):
“這篇理解了嗎?”
“當(dāng)然,我聽(tīng)寫(xiě)做了3個(gè)多小時(shí)呢!”
“那你給我講講,這一篇說(shuō)了些啥?”
“嗯……額……我想想……我得看看我做的聽(tīng)寫(xiě)來(lái)回憶……”
……
之后,這位學(xué)生開(kāi)始對(duì)著自己的聽(tīng)寫(xiě)文本,一句句的翻譯這篇lecture的內(nèi)容。你看,這就是一個(gè)令人苦笑不得的做了3小時(shí)聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的結(jié)果。這位學(xué)生完全沒(méi)有考慮到,考試的時(shí)候不會(huì)有3小時(shí)做一篇文章的聽(tīng)寫(xiě),也就不會(huì)有完整的script給他做參考,更不會(huì)有時(shí)間讓他對(duì)著文本一句句的理解。所以,這樣的聽(tīng)寫(xiě),做到后來(lái),也就是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的重復(fù)工作了,學(xué)生有可能學(xué)到一些不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞,或者以前聽(tīng)不出來(lái)的音變現(xiàn)象,再無(wú)其他。而這樣的學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)效果,顯然是無(wú)法對(duì)付托福聽(tīng)力考試的。
那么,在看似如此辛苦的聽(tīng)寫(xiě)練習(xí)過(guò)程中,缺失的到底是什么呢?答案是一個(gè)由“聽(tīng)懂+理解+記住”所組成的過(guò)程。
1)聽(tīng)懂:這是聽(tīng)寫(xiě)練習(xí)首先需要解決的問(wèn)題。在這一環(huán)節(jié),學(xué)生會(huì)因?yàn)樯~,發(fā)音等問(wèn)題遭到不同程度的阻礙。
2)理解:如果這一句話(huà)每個(gè)單詞都聽(tīng)懂了,但卻無(wú)法理解整句話(huà)的意思,那必然是這一環(huán)節(jié)出了差錯(cuò)。在這一環(huán)節(jié),學(xué)生的障礙往往是場(chǎng)景相關(guān)的背景知識(shí),有時(shí)也可能遇上對(duì)語(yǔ)氣的誤解。
3)記?。撼蹙毬?tīng)力的學(xué)生往往會(huì)碰到一個(gè)坎,那就是聽(tīng)懂了,理解了,但摘下耳機(jī)就忘了一大半,到做題的時(shí)候仍舊兩眼一抹黑。在這一環(huán)節(jié),學(xué)生需要通過(guò)抓取重點(diǎn)來(lái)解決。
所以,對(duì)于一篇全新的聽(tīng)寫(xiě)材料,第一遍一定要從頭到尾連貫著聽(tīng),切忌一開(kāi)始就逐字逐句的聽(tīng)。在這一步,只求聽(tīng)懂大概,大致明白全文所講的主題以及涉及的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,不必苛求能全部理解。這一環(huán)節(jié)不能逐句循環(huán)聽(tīng)的原因在于后文有可能提供幫助理解前文的內(nèi)容。
第二步,逐句循環(huán)聽(tīng)。一開(kāi)始,把一個(gè)比較長(zhǎng)的句子一次全部聽(tīng)下來(lái),可能會(huì)有困難:聽(tīng)到句尾,早就已經(jīng)忘了句子開(kāi)頭說(shuō)什么了。這也不奇怪:就連最好的口譯都需要靠筆記來(lái)幫助自己的記憶,很多考生練聽(tīng)力還處于摸索著“找門(mén)道”的階段,記不住,又有什么奇怪的?遇到長(zhǎng)句的時(shí)候,可以把一句話(huà)拆成幾個(gè)部分來(lái)聽(tīng),把每一個(gè)小部分聽(tīng)寫(xiě)下來(lái)。經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的練習(xí)后,可以增加每次聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的長(zhǎng)度。從幾個(gè)單詞,到一整個(gè)句子,甚至到一個(gè)句群。
很多考生在做完上述兩個(gè)步驟之后,會(huì)對(duì)照原文檢查自己的聽(tīng)寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤,做出修改訂正,甚至是對(duì)錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)的歸納總結(jié),比如生詞的整理。但是,這不是正確聽(tīng)寫(xiě)姿勢(shì)的全部。高效的聽(tīng)寫(xiě)方法還必須補(bǔ)上“理解+記住”兩環(huán)。這就要求學(xué)生還要在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)之上,能夠做一定程度的復(fù)述或是文章框架梳理。當(dāng)然,有的學(xué)生可以做到在聽(tīng)寫(xiě)過(guò)程中同時(shí)完成以上三個(gè)步驟,有的學(xué)生需要在完成聽(tīng)寫(xiě)之后,對(duì)照文本再做出“理解+記住”
托福聽(tīng)力必備的高頻短語(yǔ)1
1、a change of pace 改變步調(diào);換口味
You can't do these chemistry experiments all day long. You certainly need a change of pace.
2、a far cry from 相距甚遠(yuǎn)
The published book is a far cry from the early manuscript.
3、and how 的確
A:She's a good dancer.
B:And how.
4、a matter of time 時(shí)間問(wèn)題
It is only a matter of time.
5、a phone call away 一個(gè)電話(huà)之遠(yuǎn),即愿意過(guò)來(lái)幫忙
If you need my help, do let me know. Just remember I am a phone call away.
6、a while back 不久以前
Well, I listened to that CD you lent me a while back.
7、all along 一直
I knew it all along.
8、anything but 絕對(duì)不
I was anything but happy about going.
9、account for 解釋
How do you account for it?
10、after all 畢竟;終究
A:I've just seen the X-rays and your teeth look just fine.
B:I see. Then there is nothing to worry about after all.
托福聽(tīng)力必備的高頻短語(yǔ)2
11、allergic to 對(duì)……過(guò)敏
Oh man! Something in this room is making my eyes itch. I must be allergic to something.
12、at sb's service 愿為某人服務(wù)
I am at your service at any time.
13、around the clock 24小時(shí)不停
Martha studied around the clock for management exam.
14、as far as I know 就我所知
But as far as I know, he once won the world champion at the Olympic Games.
15、at home with 對(duì)……很熟悉
She is at home with problems like this.
16、back out 退出
A:Wasn't Bert supposed to sing tonight?
B:Yes, but he backed out at last minute.
17、be cut out for 適合于,有做某事物的天賦
She is cut out for a dancer.
18、be absorbed in 全神貫注于某事物
She has been absorbed in a horrorfiction. I can't tear her away.
19、be addicted to 對(duì)某事物上癮
She has been addicted to drugs for years.
20、be attached to 對(duì)某事物有感情
A:I'm amazed that you are still driving that old car of yours. I thought you would have gotten rid of it years ago.
B:It runs well and I've actually been quite attached to it.
托福聽(tīng)力分類(lèi)詞匯:電器類(lèi)
1)電器類(lèi)
electronic appliance(instrument; equipment) 電器
heater, furnace 加熱器,爐子
heating unit 暖氣片
air conditioner 空調(diào)設(shè)備
stove 爐子
microwave oven 微波爐
washer / dryer >衣機(jī)/烘干機(jī) (laundry 洗衣店)
utensil 器皿;用具
kitchen utensil 炊具
oven 烤箱;烤爐
range 煤氣灶
dishwasher 洗碟機(jī)
washing machine 洗衣機(jī)
(hot-water) heater 熱水器
coffeepot 咖啡壺
refrigerator (freezer) 冰箱
vacuum cleaner 吸塵器
tape player 錄音機(jī)
CD player CD機(jī)
Laundromat 自動(dòng)洗衣店
maintenance 維修,保養(yǎng)
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