托福閱讀時(shí)間不夠因?yàn)槟銢](méi)做到詳略得當(dāng)

時(shí)間：2020-07-18 13:29:46 楚薇0由分享

對(duì)于托福閱讀考試，相信大家都很很多心得可說(shuō)。但是事實(shí)上，有很多考生在托福閱讀的答題當(dāng)中總是感覺(jué)時(shí)間不夠用，那么這是什么原因呢?下面小編從4個(gè)方面來(lái)分析一下為什么你的托福閱讀考試時(shí)間總是不夠，希望對(duì)大家有幫助。

托福閱讀時(shí)間不夠因?yàn)槟銢](méi)做到詳略得當(dāng)

現(xiàn)行的新托福考試依然重視對(duì)閱讀能力的考查，并且，托?？荚嚥粌H有單獨(dú)的新托福閱讀理解測(cè)試，而且在口語(yǔ)以及寫(xiě)作方面的測(cè)試中也明顯的對(duì)閱讀能力提出了要求。按照ETS的官方說(shuō)明，新托福閱讀中的文章都是科普文章，結(jié)構(gòu)特征和內(nèi)容特征是比較明顯的，所以在筆記中需要記錄的內(nèi)容也是可以相對(duì)明確的。

1.單詞：想要做好托福閱讀，背托福單詞是最基礎(chǔ)的。這個(gè)就是需要學(xué)員自己完成任務(wù)。但是尤為重要的一點(diǎn)是，托?？荚囍?，對(duì)單詞的考查不僅僅是背過(guò)單詞含義就可以，更重要的是要學(xué)會(huì)應(yīng)用，學(xué)會(huì)在文章中理解使用單詞。

句子：同中文的一句一句短小的句子不同，英文中的句子多是長(zhǎng)句，有時(shí)候一個(gè)句子就是一段。而且英文的句子多是主從復(fù)合句，以中式的思維邏輯來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)很不習(xí)慣，不能適應(yīng)句子的2.語(yǔ)序。這就需要托?？忌谄綍r(shí)的訓(xùn)練中多讀多看，擴(kuò)大泛讀。

3.段落：托福閱讀的文章大多都是學(xué)術(shù)性比較強(qiáng)的文章，在學(xué)習(xí)中，會(huì)應(yīng)用到TS+D和TS+D的變形方式的做題方法。具體TS+D是什么，應(yīng)該怎么用，在這里，姜老師給我們留了一個(gè)懸念，“關(guān)于TS+D會(huì)在托福強(qiáng)化班的課程中講到，想要知道怎么用來(lái)上強(qiáng)化班就知道啦?！?/p>

4.篇章：像托福的題型之一--小結(jié)題，就會(huì)用到對(duì)全篇的把握和理解。掌握對(duì)于全文的思維路線做這類題就會(huì)比較容易了。對(duì)于全文的拐角，轉(zhuǎn)彎處把握好了，全文的意思也就差不多了。做題的時(shí)候還有注意對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的把握。

有的學(xué)生會(huì)覺(jué)得托福閱讀的題量很大，時(shí)間不夠用，做不完題?！捌鋵?shí)這是因?yàn)閷W(xué)生在做題的時(shí)候沒(méi)有做到詳略得當(dāng)。把握好精讀和泛讀的區(qū)別，找準(zhǔn)需要精讀的地方，做起題來(lái)會(huì)又快又準(zhǔn)?！?/p>

在新托福閱讀中進(jìn)行快速筆記是有效地把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，記錄重要信息的手段，此外，掌握快速筆記的方法，養(yǎng)成“邊讀邊記”的習(xí)慣，會(huì)讓研究效率大大提高。從這個(gè)角度來(lái)看，同學(xué)們更應(yīng)該以托?？荚嚍槠鯔C(jī)，培養(yǎng)自己這種良好的閱讀習(xí)慣，從而在學(xué)習(xí)和研究中達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。

如何劃分托福閱讀中的層次

分析托福閱讀層次對(duì)于理解托福閱讀非常重要，下面就為大家分析托福閱讀關(guān)系，文章中有很多能夠表現(xiàn)出主題的句子，首先要將他們進(jìn)行了解，然后在進(jìn)行分析，這樣就可以取得理想的托福閱讀理解效果。

對(duì)于多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，可能“讀文章各段首句，然后看題目，再找文章內(nèi)相應(yīng)部分做題”的托福閱讀做題順序會(huì)比較合適，讀各段首句可以粗略掌握文章大意和結(jié)構(gòu)，做題再看內(nèi)容再做能大大降低“工作量”，但是這種做法不利于對(duì)全文的消化吸收，從而不利于做總結(jié)題，也可能會(huì)遺漏文章內(nèi)的一些細(xì)節(jié)而導(dǎo)致做錯(cuò)細(xì)節(jié)題。而新托福目前反饋大都是順序出題的，所以建議練習(xí)時(shí)就盡量往“讀一段做相應(yīng)題目，再讀一段再做相應(yīng)題目”這一順序去靠攏，可以對(duì)文章有全面的把握，雖然總量上還是要讀完全文，但是對(duì)大腦的短期記憶的負(fù)擔(dān)要比通讀全文再做題目小很多。

在新托福閱讀中，甚至可以擴(kuò)展到ETS所有考試的閱讀題目中，如果要用一個(gè)詞來(lái)概括的話，那就是paraphrase，意譯。無(wú)論是題干還是正確選項(xiàng)，大都能在原文中找出一句話來(lái)與之相對(duì)應(yīng)。即題目是原文的意譯。這種意譯是通過(guò)同義詞來(lái)完成的。即題干中多用近義詞來(lái)對(duì)原文中的句子進(jìn)行替換，來(lái)達(dá)到提出問(wèn)題或者提出正確答案的意思。準(zhǔn)確把握意譯，是多數(shù)題目中準(zhǔn)確在原文中定位信息、或者在迷惑選項(xiàng)中選出正確的那個(gè)，都有著重要的作用。

托福閱讀層次分析中，關(guān)于先看題目還是先看文章的問(wèn)題。也就是做題時(shí)間安排的問(wèn)題。由于對(duì)問(wèn)題的回答建立在了熟悉全文的基礎(chǔ)上，每個(gè)問(wèn)題又有足夠的時(shí)間返回全文，每個(gè)選項(xiàng)都一一進(jìn)行斟酌。

分析托福閱讀層次，首先要知道托福閱讀文段一般都依照老美的思路來(lái)成文，首段、尾段、首句、尾句以及過(guò)渡段(句)很重要，只要是依據(jù)美國(guó)人的閱讀思路來(lái)安排托福閱讀做題順序，那托福閱讀就不會(huì)像你想象的那樣難以拿分。

托福閱讀真題訓(xùn)練1

Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists. These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or active systems. Passive plant defense comprises physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry of pathogens, such as bacteria, or render tissues unpalatable or toxic to the invader. The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae. Other trichomes are sticky and glandular and effectively trap and immobilize insects.

If the physical barriers of the plant are breached, then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances, such as resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids, many of which are highly effective deterrents to insects that feed on plants. The success of the Colorado beetle in infesting potatoes, for example, seems to be correlated with its high tolerance to alkaloids that normally repel potential pests. Other possible chemical defenses, while not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of a parasitic relationship. For example, glycoproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes that degrade cell walls. These enzymes are often produced by bacteria and fungi.

Active plant defense mechanisms are comparable to the immune system of vertebrate animals, although the cellular and molecular bases are fundamentally different. Both, however, are triggered in reaction to intrusion, implying that the host has some means of recognizing the presence of a foreign organism. The most dramatic example of an inducible plant defense reaction is the hypersensitive response. In the hypersensitive response, cells undergo rapid necrosis — that is, they become diseased and die — after being penetrated by a parasite; the parasite itself subsequently ceases to grow and is therefore restricted to one or a few cells around the entry site. Several theories have been put forward to explain the basis of hypersensitive resistance.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The success of parasites in resisting plant defense mechanisms

(B) Theories on active plant defense mechanisms

(D) How the immune system of animals and the defense mechanisms of plants differ

2. The phrase subject to in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) susceptible to

(B) classified by

(D) strengthened by

3. The word puncture in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) pierce

(B) pinch

(D) cover .

4. The word which in line 12 refers to

(A) tissues

(B) substances

(D) insects

5. Which of the following substances does the author mention as NOT necessarily being toxic to

the Colorado beetle?

(A) resins

(B) tannins

(D) alkaloids

6. Why does the author mention glycoproteins in line 17?

(A) to compare plant defense mechanisms to the immune system of animals

(B) to introduce the discussion of active defense mechanisms in plants

(D) to emphasize the importance of physical barriers in plant defense

7. The word dramatic in line 23 could best be replaced by

(A) striking

(B) accurate

(D) appealing

8. Where in the passage does the author describe an active plant-defense reaction?

(A) Lines 1-3

(B) Lines 4-6

(D) Lines 24-27

9. The passage most probably continues with a discussion of theories on

(A) the basis of passive plant defense

(B) how chemicals inhibit a parasitic relationship.

(D) the principles of the hypersensitive response.

托福閱讀真題訓(xùn)練2

Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets. Of all the birds on these cliffs, the black-legged kittiwake gull is the best suited for nesting on narrow ledges. Although its nesting habits are similar to those of gulls that nest on flat ground, there are a number of important differences related to the cliff-nesting habit.

The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives from foxes, which cannot scale the sheer rocks, and from ravens and other species of gulls, which have difficulty in landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs. This immunity has been followed by a relaxation of the defenses, and kittiwakes do not react to predators nearly as fiercely as do ground-nesting gulls. A colony of Bonaparte's gulls responds to the appearance of a predatory herring gull by flying up as a group with a clamor of alarm calls, followed by concerted mobbing, but kittiwakes simply ignore herring gulls, since they pose little threat to nests on cliffs. Neither do kittiwakes attempt to conceal their nest. Most gulls keep the nest area clear of droppings, and remove empty eggshells after the chicks have hatched, so that the location of the nest is not given away. Kittiwakes defecate over the edge of the nest, which keeps it clean, but this practice, as well as their tendency to leave the nest littered with eggshells, makes its location very conspicuous.

On the other hand, nesting on a narrow ledge has its own peculiar problems, and kittiwake behavior has become adapted to overcome them. The female kittiwake sits when mating, whereas other gulls stand, so the pair will not overbalance and fall off the ledge. The nest is a deep cup, made of mud or seaweed, to hold the eggs safely, compared with the shallow scrape of other gulls, and the chicks are remarkably immobile until fully grown. They do not run from their nests when approached, and if they should come near to the cliff edge, they instinctively turn back.

1. What aspect of the kittiwake gull does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Its defensive behavior

(B) It interactions with other gull species

(D) Its physical difference from other gull species

2. The word rear in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) visit

(B) watch

(D) raise

3. The word scale in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) climb

(B) avoid

(D) measure