托福閱讀解題技巧之表格題目

時間：2020-07-19 17:32:05 楚薇0由分享

托福閱讀考試有哪些題型?每一種題型應(yīng)該如何解答呢?這些可能都是大家在托福備考的過程當(dāng)中需要掌握的，今天這里小編就為大家?guī)砹送懈ｉ喿x表格題目的解題方法，希望對大家托福提分有幫助。

托福閱讀解題技巧之表格題目

IBT閱讀中的表格題是新題型，同時在IBT聽力部分也出現(xiàn)了。與聽力部分不同的是，IBT閱讀部分的表格題既包括了對全文重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容的發(fā)問又包括了對全文主題和結(jié)論發(fā)問。它們以對比表格和總結(jié)表格的形式出現(xiàn)。相對于聽力表格題來說，閱讀部分的難度系數(shù)更大一些。在IBT閱讀的3篇文章中有兩個此類問題，且通常是文章最后一道題目，為2分。

一、表格題分為兩大類：總結(jié)表格題和對比表格題。

1、總結(jié)表格題

相對而言，總結(jié)表格題的出現(xiàn)頻率要高于對比表格題，這是由它們自身特點(diǎn)，出題方式和原文是否具備對比對照關(guān)系這三方面的因素決定的。

2、題的出題模式有兩種：

一種是針對全文內(nèi)容出題，答案由全文的主題，細(xì)節(jié)和重點(diǎn)支持段落的概述三部分組成。另外一種是針對文章中的重點(diǎn)支持性段落出題，答案由這些重點(diǎn)支持性段落主題，段落結(jié)論，以及重點(diǎn)支持性例子的概述三部分組成。這里我們重點(diǎn)看第一種出題模式。

我們來看一個例子，

The Atlantic Cod Fishery

Off the northeastern shore of North America, from the island of Newfoundland in Canada south to new England in the United States, there is a series of shallow areas called banks. Several large banks off Newfoundland are together called Grand Banks, huge shoals on the edge of North American continental shelf, where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream meet the cold waters of Labrador Current. As the currents brush each other, they stir up mineral from the ocean floor, providing nutrients for plankton and tiny shrimp-like creatures called krill, which feed on the plankton. Herring and other small fish rise to the surface to eat the krill. Groundfish, such as the Atlantic cod, live in the ocean’s bottom layer, congregating in the shallow waters where they prey on krill and small fish. This rich environment has produced cod by the millions and once had a greater density of cod than anywhere else on Earth.

Beginning in the eleventh century, boats from the ports of north western Europe arrived to fish the Grand Banks. For the next eight centuries, the entire Newfoundland economy taking fish back to European markets. Cod laid out to dry on wooden “flakes” was a common sight in the fishing villages dotting the coast. Settlers in the region used to think the only sea creature worth talking about was cod, and in the local speech the word “fish” became synonymous with cod. Newfoundland’s national dish was a pudding whose main ingredient was cod.

By the nineteenth century, the Newfoundland fishery was largely controlled by merchants based in the capital at St. John’s. They marketed the catch supplied by the fishers working out of more than 600 villages around the long coastline. In return, the merchants provided fishing equipment, clothing, and all the food that could not be grown in the island’s thin, rocky soil. This system kept the fishers in a continuous state of debt and dependence on the merchants.

托福閱讀真題100篇原文+題目1

PASSAGE 19

The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present urban structure. In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than a century.

In the early colonial days in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in what are now New England and Middle Atlantic states in the United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest to England and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported. Merchandising establishments were, accordingly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, these cities increased in importance.

This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as plantations, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline. The local isolation and the economic self-sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day. In fact, one of the strongest factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have its front on a water highway.

When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people, and by 1880 it had recorded a city of over one million. It was not until after 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that cities started drawing young people away from farms.

Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil War (1861-1865).

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Factors that slowed the growth of cities in Europe.

(B) The evolution of cities in North America

(D) The effects of the United Sates' independence on urban growth in New England.

2. The word they in line 4 refers to

(A) North American colonies

(B) cities

(D) town economies

3. The passage compares early European and North American cities on the basis of which of the

following?

(A) Their economic success

(B) The type of merchandise they exported

(D) The pace of their development

4. The word accordingly in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) as usual

(B) in contrast

(D) for that reason

5. According to the passage , early colonial cities were established along the Atlantic coastline of

North America due to

(A) an abundance of natural resources

(B) financial support from colonial governments

(D) a favorable climate

6. The passage indicates that during colonial times, the Atlantic coastline cities prepared which of

the following for shipment to Europe?

(A) Manufacturing equipment

(B) Capital goods

(D) Raw materials

7. According to the passage , all of the following aspects of the plantation system influenced the

growth of southern cities EXCEPT the

(A) location of the plantations

(B) access of plantation owners to shipping

(D) economic self-sufficiency of the plantations

8. It can be inferred from the passage that, in comparison with northern cities, most southern

cities were

(A) more prosperous

(B) smaller

(D) tied less closely to England than to France

9. The word recorded in line 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) imagined

(B) discovered

(D) planned

10. The word drawing in line 28 is closest in meaning to

(A) attracting

(B) employing

(D) representing

11. The passage mentions the period following the Civil War (line 29) because it was a time of

(A) significant obstacles to industrial growth

(B) decreased dependence on foreign trade

(D) increased migration from northern states to southern states

答案：BBDDC DCBCA C

托福閱讀真題100篇原文+題目2

PASSAGE 20

(25)

In seventeenth-century colonial North America, all day-to-day cooking was done in the fireplace. Generally large, fireplaces were planned for cooking as well as for warmth. Those in the Northeast were usually four or five feet high, and in the South, they were often high enough for a person to walk into. A heavy timber called the mantel tree was used as a lintel to support the stonework above the fireplace opening. This timber might be scorched occasionally, but it was far enough in front of the rising column of heat to be safe from catching fire.

Two ledges were built across from each other on the inside of the chimney. On these rested the ends of a lug pole from which pots were suspended when cooking. Wood from a freshly cut tree was used for the lug pole, so it would resist heat, but it had to be replaced frequently because it dried out and charred, and was thus weakened. Sometimes the pole broke and the dinner fell into the fire. When iron became easier to obtain, it was used instead of wood for lug poles, and later fireplaces had pivoting metal rods to hang pots from.

Beside the fireplace and built as part of it was the oven. It was made like a small, secondary fireplace with a flue leading into the main chimney to draw out smoke. Sometimes the door of the oven faced the room, but most ovens were built with the opening facing into the fireplace. On baking days (usually once or twice a week) a roaring fire of oven wood, consisting of brown maple sticks, was maintained in the oven until its walls were extremely hot. The embers were later removed, bread dough was put into the oven, and the oven was sealed shut until the bread was fully baked.

Not all baking was done in a big oven, however. Also used was an iron bake kettle, which looked like a stewpot on legs and which had an iron lid. This is said to have worked well when it was placed in the fireplace, surrounded by glowing wood embers, with more embers piled on its lid.

1. Which of the following aspects of domestic life in colonial North America does the passage

mainly discuss?

(A) methods of baking bread

(B) fireplace cooking

(D) the types of wood used in preparing meals

2. The author mentions the fireplaces built in the South to illustrate

(A) how the materials used were similar to the materials used in northeastern fireplaces

(B) that they served diverse functions

(D) how they were safer than northeastern fireplaces

3. The word scorched in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A) burned

(B) cut