用四個(gè)步驟拿下雅思英語寫作
用四個(gè)步驟拿下雅思英語寫作
大部分中國烤鴨在準(zhǔn)備雅思寫作詞匯部分的時(shí)候無疑會(huì)遇見兩個(gè)問題：一是背了很多單詞用不出來，二是如何用詞會(huì)得分。在本文中，將從四個(gè)步驟來分析雅思寫作詞匯部分的應(yīng)用方式，為廣大烤鴨們解決這一難題。
1. 常用詞或短語的高分替換
整個(gè)雅思考試的主線很大程度上都是圍繞詞匯的替換來進(jìn)行的，聽說讀寫四門科目都有涉獵到這個(gè)要求。那么如何做到詞匯的不重復(fù)呢，積累一些高頻的替換詞以及詞組是考生在備考過程中的一個(gè)必經(jīng)之路。我們可以先看看雅思寫作范文里面的一段話：
In modern society, juvenile delinquency has been soaring in some major cities, the main reason for which, I suppose, is that teenagers nowadays are very likely to be spoiled by their parents. Besides, young people frequently exposed to violence in the mass media are more likely to commit a crime. Finally, the impact from their peers cannot be ignored since youngsters have not developed a sound system of judging what is right and what is wrong.
在論述青少年犯罪的這道題目中，劃線部分對(duì)青少年的同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換就用了四次，來做到詞匯盡量避免重復(fù)的要求。我們還可以通過以下幾個(gè)例子來熟悉這個(gè)方法：
Eg1: Many companies nowadays use modern communication technology to hold meetings. 在這句話中，劃線部分use我們就可以用詞組take advantage of來達(dá)到替換的效果。
Eg2: When making a decision, people will consider many factors.
同樣地，看到consider這個(gè)詞，馬上可以想到take into account/consideration的替換結(jié)構(gòu)。
Eg3: The government should try to make public transportation better.
The authorities are supposed to make great efforts to improve public transportation. 這句話中的替換結(jié)構(gòu)就比較多，從government到authorities, 從should到be supposed to, 從try to do到make great efforts to, 最后從make sth better到improve的替換，都是一些常用的替換結(jié)構(gòu)。
Eg4: Poor students in countryside cannot get good education.
Impoverished students in rural areas cannot afford a decent education.
這個(gè)句子中也對(duì)poor, countryside, get, good進(jìn)行了同義詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。所以說，如何做到減少重復(fù)性，積累一些基本的替換結(jié)構(gòu)是非常必要的，不僅潤色語言，而且詞匯也不會(huì)顯得太單一。
2. 精彩合成詞
雅思寫作中的合成詞功力非常大，不僅是考試的一個(gè)加分亮點(diǎn)，也可使語言表達(dá)更加言簡意賅。所以，積累一些合成詞也是詞匯得分的一大法寶。比如我們?cè)诒磉_(dá)playing computers is a waste of time的時(shí)候，浪費(fèi)時(shí)間這個(gè)詞就可以用time-consuming這個(gè)合成詞來表達(dá)。同樣地，在環(huán)境類考題中，如果想表示節(jié)約能源，簡單地可以用save energy來表達(dá)，如果換成合成詞，用energy-saving效果更佳，在此基礎(chǔ)上，把節(jié)約的save換成conserve就更完美了，節(jié)約能源就可以表達(dá)為energy-conserving。常見的合成詞還有以下幾個(gè)：
densely-populated region 人口密集的地區(qū)
long-term effect 長期影響
exam-oriented education 應(yīng)試教育
cross-culture communication 跨文化交流
這樣的合成詞在考試?yán)锩娴膽?yīng)用還有很多，烤鴨們應(yīng)做好平時(shí)各個(gè)話題的積累工作。
3. 副詞的妙用
副詞的妙用使得含義表達(dá)得準(zhǔn)確而精煉。使用副詞可以讓表達(dá)不會(huì)太中文化。我們先看以下幾個(gè)例句中的副詞使用：
Eg1: Taking physical exercise is beneficial for our physical and mental health.
Taking physical exercise is physically and mentally beneficial for health.
Eg2: The popularization of cross-nation tourism can improve the economy.
The popularization of cross-nation tourism can be economically beneficial.
Eg3: Using fertilizer is unfit for the preservation of ecological environment.
Using fertilizer is ecologically unfit for the preservation of environment.
Eg4: Governments should give financial support to those kids from a poverty-stricken family.
Governments should be financially supportive to those kids from a poverty-stricken family.
通過對(duì)比以上劃線部分，可以看出，使用副詞不僅可以避免一定程度上的重復(fù)，也可以讓語言更加地道，基本技巧就是將句子的名詞變成動(dòng)詞或者形容詞，來達(dá)到被副詞修飾的效果。還值得注意的是在副詞的使用過程中，少用very, 多用準(zhǔn)確的搭配。例如：
Eg1: The shipping container transformed ocean shipping into a highly efficient, intensively competitive business.
Eg2: They still heavily rely on nature to provide food and clothing.
4. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換
在雅思寫作中，通過詞性轉(zhuǎn)變來更加靈活地表達(dá)常常能達(dá)到意想不到的結(jié)果。這在小作文中十分常見，如peak at(達(dá)到最高點(diǎn))，bottom out at(達(dá)到最低點(diǎn))，level off(保持水平)，skyrocket(急劇上升)等。例如：
Eg1: Taking an unpaid work enables young people to adapt to the society better.
Taking an unpaid work can strengthen young people’s adaptability.
Eg2: Interactions between team members can not only improve interpersonal skills but also make individuals more accountable.
Interactions between team members can not only improve interpersonal skills but also cultivate individual accountability.
詞性轉(zhuǎn)換一般是名詞和動(dòng)詞的互換、形容詞和副詞的互換比較多，也是讓單詞更豐富的有效方法之一。
總之，詞匯部分是雅思作文得高分的重要部分，考生們?cè)诜e累詞匯之后更重要的是學(xué)會(huì)如何精準(zhǔn)的應(yīng)用，注意語境和考點(diǎn)的差異，切忌詞匯的濫用和誤用。
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