2019年1月13日托福寫作回憶
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2019年1月13日托福寫作回憶
綜合寫作
話題分類
自然科學
考題回憶
1-總論點
考拉的數(shù)量是否會持續(xù)減少?
2-閱讀部分
考拉的數(shù)量可能會持續(xù)減少，這可能是由于以下三個原因：
1. 考拉棲息地的減少?？祭臈⒌乇晦r(nóng)業(yè)和居住用地占據(jù)，這使得它們分散成了小的
群體聚居。而這樣的聚居會帶來很嚴重的食物競爭壓力，這使得它們不能很好地存
活。
2. 交通事故?？祭?jīng)常離開生活的地方找食物和水源，這導致它們很可能經(jīng)過一些切割
了它們自然聚居地的、車流繁忙的地帶。在夜晚它們活躍的時候，開車的人很難在公
路上看到它們，這就導致了車禍。
綜合寫作
3. 柵欄的設(shè)置。在城市區(qū)域內(nèi)生活的考拉經(jīng)常要翻越柵欄去覓食。但它們經(jīng)常被柵欄里
的狗攻擊，導致嚴重受傷。
3-聽力部分
針對考拉數(shù)量減少的現(xiàn)象給出了三個解決方案：
1. 在棲息地之間種樹，形成 vegetation corridor，幫助考拉從一個棲息地轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個棲
息地。
2. 在 tunnel 里給考拉留出穿越馬路的空間，這已經(jīng)實施了并且降低了考拉的死亡率。
3. 在柵欄邊種樹讓它們爬上去避免被狗傷害，同時在花園里建造 round pole 讓他們爬走
逃生。
解題思路
此題是閱讀部分針對一個特定現(xiàn)象指出原因，聽力部分提出解決方案的題型，要求考生
能夠準確地獲取與閱讀原文所對應的聽力內(nèi)容，并且清晰完整地表達即可。
話題分類
教育類話題
題型
今昔對比題型
獨立寫作
考題回憶
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students are more interested in politics
than before?
解題思路
觀點：同意，跟以前相比，現(xiàn)在的學生對政治更感興趣了。
主體段一：現(xiàn)在的課程設(shè)置使政治成為必修課，所以學生們會更熱衷于了解政治以幫助
他們在學習中取得好成績;
主體段二：現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)達，學生們可以時刻了解到各種政治新聞;
主體段三：政治變的和學生的未來生活工作越來越密切相關(guān)。
參考范文
The freedom of expression is a fundamental right enshrined in Constitution, including people’s
political opinions. In fact, people in democratic countries are encouraged to participate in politics, especially votes. Today, even the young generation, students, also show more interest in politics than in the past.
In the first place, teachers today play a more important role in helping students to form their
political opinions than before. Nowadays, it is free for teachers to express their political opinions in the class and many of them would like to share their thoughts with students. Teachers can organize group discussion on political issues by which they expect to inspire students to think, develop critical thinking, improve communication and negotiation skills, and learn to tolerate people holding different or even opposite perspectives. For example, when the government
banned the free plastic bags in supermarkets, my nephew’s teacher used to lead them to discuss
the pros, like reducing white pollution, and cons, like increasing the sales of plastic rubbish bags. But in the past, teachers were merely encouraged to focus on students’ academic study due to the pressure of standard tests.In the second place, thanks to the propaganda of mass media and the connection of Internet, it is easier for students to acquire information on politics, to openly discuss politics and even to take part in political events. Actually, politicians are clear how important it is for their party to win support from young generation who will become their determined backers or bitter opponents in the following decades. Thus, there is propaganda of various forms targeting students, such as speeches on campus, slogans on billboards and discussion on Internet. Students, captured by politicians’ points and the bombast of media, will join the discussion and events. Take the presidential election as an instance. Most candidates would arrange their visit to universities where they give speeches and explain the policies they will follow, especially those closely related to students’ interests. Also, politicians are adept in how to lead opinions on social media, like Facebook and Twitter. However, students in the past had limited access to political information and no platform to have their voice heard.To sum up, it is obvious that students are more interested in politics than before because of teachers’ guidance and power of propaganda
【托福寫作】托福獨立寫作因果分析法3個例子分享
因果法用于topic sentence和中間的supporting details都可以，首先我們來看一看綜合作文中是如何運用的。
一、對于topic sentence
1. TPO 第一篇topic sentence:
The shortened workweek would increase company profits because employees would feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they would make fewer costly errors in their work. (縮短的周工作日可以提高公司的利潤，因為員工可以感覺到更多的休整并且機警了，結(jié)果就是他們工作上犯錯率減少了。)
For the country as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it would reduce unemployment rates. (對于整個國家來說，因為可以減少失業(yè)率，所以縮短周工作日是個好事。)
分析：這是一篇TPO中的兩個分topic sentence, 不難看出都用了一個因果邏輯，那為什么寫topic sentence要用因果法呢?我們再來回顧一下topic sentence的要求：每個分topic sentence都是要求能夠論證總的topic sentence的，比如說：總論點是贊同廣告的好大于壞，分論點是廣告的好處之一是通過能夠給消費者提供信息，從而能夠幫助消費者購買到合適的產(chǎn)品，那么為了能證明是好處，就一定會寫結(jié)果帶來什么好處，因此因果法在寫分topic sentence的時候會大量使用。再回到這個兩個topic sentence中就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，為了說明縮短的工作日帶來更多的好處，我們要說帶來好處的原因(更多休整)或是結(jié)果(犯錯率少)，因果法就恰到好處地寫到了這一點。
2. TPO 第六篇topic sentence:
First, contributors to a communal online encyclopedia often lack academic credentials, thereby making their contributions partially informed at best and downright inaccurate in many cases. (首先，網(wǎng)上百科全書的貢獻者通常缺少學術(shù)認證資質(zhì)，因此使得他們的貢獻最多部分正確，或者許多情況下完全不正確。)
Third, the communal encyclopedias focus too frequently, and in too great a depth, on trivial and popular topics, which creates a false impression of what is important and what is not. (第三，網(wǎng)上百科全書太頻繁、太深入地關(guān)注很瑣碎、很流行的話題，因此給人們產(chǎn)生了一種不知道哪些重要哪些不重要的錯誤概念。)
分析：從這篇的topic sentence中也不難發(fā)現(xiàn)作者為了證明網(wǎng)上百科全書的問題，在寫分論點句時，作者直接寫出了因為網(wǎng)上百科全書的缺陷(貢獻者缺少學術(shù)能力，關(guān)注得太瑣碎等)導致了種.種問題(內(nèi)容不準確，沒有重點等)，用了因果邏輯完成了topic sentence。
總結(jié)：獨立作文當中，大家可以適當用因果法寫寫topic sentence，這樣能夠準確地論證總論點。
二、對于supporting details
1. TPO 第七篇 主體段：
First, American consumers are exposed to so much advertising that they would not value or even pay attention to the ecocertification label. Because so many mediocre products are labeled “new” or “improved”, American consumers do not place much trust in advertising claims in general.
(首先，美國顧客目前接觸到太多的廣告，因此他們不會再珍惜或注意到這個生態(tài)認證標識，因為有太多的中庸產(chǎn)品被貼上了“新的”或者“改善的”標識，美國顧客就不太信任廣告所聲稱的內(nèi)容。)
Second, ecocertified wood will be more expensive than uncertified wood because in order to earn ecocertification, a wood company must pay to have its business examined by a certification agency. This additional cost gets passed on to consumers-American consumers tend to be strongly motivated by price, and therefore they are likely to choose cheaper uncertified wood products. Accordingly, American wood companies will prefer to keep their prices low rather than obtain ecocertification.
(其次，生態(tài)認證的木頭比非生態(tài)認證的木頭更貴，因為為了獲取這樣一個認證，木材公司要付費給證書代理檢驗費用。這額外的開支就要轉(zhuǎn)嫁到非常注重價格的顧客身上，因此他們會選擇便宜的非認證的木材。因此，美國木材公司將更加趨向于保持他們的價格低廉，而不是獲取證書。)
分析：這兩段主體段除了主題句(主題句實際上也是用了因果邏輯法來完成的)以外，supporting details只用了因果論證方法，推一推原因，再推一推結(jié)果，很快就能把一段很好地論證出來，簡潔、調(diào)理清晰、邏輯緊湊。
【托福寫作】托福作文題目類型分類介紹
一、應不應該題
這類題目在題目中一般都會含有should一詞，或者含有“應該做”或“不應該做”的意思，問你如此做應不應該?？忌鶕?jù)這些“應該”和“不應該”來寫作文章。
例如這個題目就是應不應該題：
Do you agree or disagree with following statement: all school teachers should be required to take courses every five years to update their knowledge.(120114 CN)
二、絕對題
這類題目中常常會帶有絕對的語氣詞，例如only，must，always等;通常這類命題的題目比較明確且語氣比較強烈，就是來問你同不同意這種說法，按照這個思路去構(gòu)思文章。
下面這個題目就是托福獨立寫作絕對題：
Do you agree or disagree with following statement: only movies that can teach us something about real life are worth.(110828 CN)
三、現(xiàn)象證明題
在這一類托福獨立寫作題目中，主要是在討論一個現(xiàn)在可能存在的或者是將來可能會發(fā)生的現(xiàn)象，問你這個現(xiàn)象有沒有或者是會不會出現(xiàn)，考生按照這個思路去拓展寫作文章。
例如下面這個題目就是一個現(xiàn)象證明題：
Do you agree or disagree with following statement: in modern times, grandparents cannot give their grandchildren useful advice because the world of today are too different than it was in the past.(140112 CN)
四、比較題
這類題目在考試中也是比較常見的，題目中會含有2個或者3個選項來讓你選擇。這些選擇當中可能是不同事物的橫向?qū)Ρ?，也有可能是同一事物的縱向?qū)Ρ?，或者是今夕對比，這種情況出現(xiàn)的較多。如果出現(xiàn)這類題目時可能會同應不應該題或者是現(xiàn)象證明題進行混搭，這樣效果會更好一些。
例如下面的題目就是比較題型：
Do you agree or disagree with following statement: nowadays advertisements are more honest than they were in the past.(121214 NA)
五、Agree/disagree的題目特點：
Doyou agree or disagree with the following statement?
Itis often not a good thing to move to a new town or a new county because of thelost of old friends.
Usespecific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
這類題目包括三部分的要求：①是否同意以下觀點(文章要表明觀點);②題目的主要內(nèi)容要表達出來(切題);③文章要解釋原因，并且有充分的論據(jù)支撐。
六、prefer類型的題目特點：
Somepeople think to watch a movie in a cinema (theater) is better, but others thinkat home is better, which one do you prefer?
這樣的題目其實是一種對比的類型，想要突出自身的正確性的話，可以從突出自身有點出發(fā)，或者是突出對方的缺點。
新托福獨立寫作高分開頭模板分享
開頭1
Recently an interesting question has been attached much concern to: is there any correlation between cleaning one’s room and success? Answers vary from one person to another. Some claim that students keeping their rooms neat and organized are more likely to be successful, while others oppose the idea that cleaning up the room has something to do with success. To my way of thinking, students who have the habit of keeping their rooms clean and tidy are more inclined to succeed than those who do not. My viewpoint is based on the following reasons.
最近，一個非常有趣的問題引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注：打掃房間與成功之間是否有任何關(guān)聯(lián)? 答案因人而異。 一些人聲稱保持房間整潔有序的學生更有可能獲得成功，而另一些人則認為打掃房間與成功有關(guān)。 用我的思維方式，習慣于保持房間整潔的習慣的學生比那些不習慣的學生更傾向于成功。 我的觀點基于以下原因。
這是一個非常經(jīng)典的開頭，包括背景+爭議+立場。背景是通過 Recently an interesting question has been attached much concern to 這個句型來引出，意為近來一個有趣的問題得到了很多的關(guān)注。緊接著通過答案因人而異 Answers vary from one person to another 引出爭議。接下來通過Some claim以及while others oppose the idea闡述具體的不同的觀點是什么。最后通過To my way of thinking來引出自己的觀點，并且利用My viewpoint is based on the following reasons來承上啟下。
開頭1的示范
Nowadays people are more willing to help others who they do not know (for example giving food or clothing) than they were in the past. [2016年12月3日考題]
Recently an interesting question has been attached much concern to: are people nowadays more willing to help others [1]? Answers vary from one person to another. Some claim that people at present are more likely to lend a hand to others [2], while others oppose the idea. To my way of thinking, I am inclined to agree with the former or the latter [3]. My viewpoint is based on the following reasons.
最近，一個非常有趣的問題引起了人們的極大關(guān)注：當今的人們是否更愿意幫助他人[1]? 答案因人而異。 有些人聲稱目前的人更有可能向他人伸出援手[2]，而另一些人則反對這一想法。 以我的思維方式，我傾向于同意前者或后者[3]。 我的觀點基于以下原因。
首先在1空和2空我們對題目進行轉(zhuǎn)述，在第3空我們?yōu)榱吮苊鈱︻}目進行再一次的轉(zhuǎn)述，我們可以直接用 the former or the latter 這樣的表達來亮明自己的立場，畢竟不是每個人都能把題目很快的而且還很好的轉(zhuǎn)述三次的。
It is easier to become an educated person today than it was in the past?[2016年11月26日考題]
Recently an interesting question has been attached much concern to: is it easier for people today to become educated than in the old days? [1] Answers vary from one person to another. Some claim that receiving an education of higher quality has been becoming much easier not only because of economic boom but also because of the advancement in technology, [2] while others oppose the idea. To my way of thinking, I am inclined to agree with the former or the latter. [3] My viewpoint is based on the following reasons.
最近，一個非常有趣的問題引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注：今天的人們比過去更容易受教育嗎? [1]答案因人而異。 一些人聲稱接受高質(zhì)量的教育變得越來越容易，不僅因為經(jīng)濟繁榮，還因為技術(shù)的進步[2]，而另一些人則反對這一想法。 就我的思維方式而言，我傾向于同意前者或后者。 [3]我的觀點基于以下原因。
1空我們依然是將題目變成了一個一般疑問句，其實就是調(diào)整一下語序。這個可操作性還是很強的。第2空這次寫的稍微復雜一點點，不僅對題目進行了轉(zhuǎn)述，也順便給出了正文中會涉及到的兩個原因。給出原因的時候我們用not only because of A but also of B 的結(jié)構(gòu)，正好對應中間的兩個主體段的理由。第三空不變，依然是利用the former or the latter 表明自己的立場。
開頭2
As is known to all, arts and athletics play irreplaceable and indispensable roles in people’s life for the former nurtures a sound mind while the latter guarantees a sound body. And recently there has been a heated debate on whether arts or athletics should be allocated more financial funds to. This debate divides people into two camps with opposite opinions, and as far as I’m concerned, athletics deserves more funding from government than arts does due to its greater significance. My reasons and examples are given below.
眾所周知，藝術(shù)和體育運動在人們的生活中起著不可替代和不可或缺的作用，因為前者可以培養(yǎng)健全的思想，而后者則可以保證健全的身體。 最近，關(guān)于藝術(shù)或體育應該分配更多的財政資金，引起了激烈的爭論。 這場辯論將人們分為兩個持不同意見的陣營，就我而言，由于其重要性更高，田徑運動應該比藝術(shù)運動得到政府更多的資助。 我的理由和例子如下。
跟開頭1類似，這個也是一個背景+爭議+立場的開頭，只是表達和開頭1相比有所變化而已。首先我們第一句話可以利用這樣的句式來引入背景：A and B play irreplaceable and indispensable roles in people’s life for the former A的好處 while the latter B的好處。 緊接著我們通過 Recently there has been a heated debate on whether 來引出題目。接下來利用 This debate divides people into two camps with opposite opinions 來引出爭議。最后通過 as far as I’m concerned 亮明自己的立場，并且利用 My reasons and examples are given below. 過渡到正文。
開頭2的示范
Governments should focus more on preservation of environment rather than economic development. [2009年3月22日]
As is known to all, economy and environment play irreplaceable and indispensable roles in people’s life for the former ensures a decent life while the latter guarantees a sound body. And recently there has been a heated debate on whether economy or environment should be allocated more financial funds to. This debate divides people into two camps with opposite opinions, and as far as I’m concerned, environment deserves more funding from government than economy does due to its greater significance. My reasons and examples are given below.
眾所周知，經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境在人們的生活中起著不可替代和不可或缺的作用，因為前者確保體面的生活，而后者則保證身體健康。 最近，關(guān)于是否應向經(jīng)濟或環(huán)境分配更多的金融資金引起了激烈的爭論。 這場辯論將人們分為兩個持不同意見的陣營，就我而言，由于環(huán)境的重要性更大，因此政府應比經(jīng)濟提供更多的資金。 我的理由和例子如下。
本題在改寫的時候比較簡單，我們只需要把 athletics 換成 economy 把 arts 換成 environment 即可，至于兩者的好處如果需要調(diào)整的話也得進行相應的變化。畢竟我們不能說經(jīng)濟滋養(yǎng)健康的心靈。在套現(xiàn)成的東西的時候大家一定要把每一個該換的地方都換掉，千萬不要搞出笑話。
Do you agree or disagree, it is a waste of money for government to fund space travel. [2015年10月11日]
As is known to all, space technology play irreplaceable and indispensable roles in a country’s successful development for a country’s competitiveness in space exploration represents its national power. And recently there has been a heated debate on whether space travel should be allocated financial funds to. This debate divides people into two camps with opposite opinions, and as far as I’m concerned, the exploration of outer space deserves the funding from government due to its great significance. My reasons and examples are given below.
眾所周知，空間技術(shù)在一個國家的成功發(fā)展中扮演著不可替代和不可或缺的角色，因為一個國家在太空探索方面的競爭力代表了它的國家力量。 最近，關(guān)于是否應該向太空旅行分配財政資金，引起了激烈的辯論。 這場辯論將人們分為兩個持不同意見的陣營，就我而言，探索外層空間具有重大意義，應得到政府的資助。 我的理由和例子如下。
由于開頭涉及到兩個元素而本題只有一個元素，所以在改寫的時候我們要去掉一個，同時也要去掉所有關(guān)于比較的部分，比如第一句我們?nèi)サ袅?the former and the the latter，而后面我們也去掉了有 than 以及 er 的表達。
2019年1月13日托福寫作回憶相關(guān)文章：
2019年1月13日托福寫作回憶
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