雅思寫(xiě)作：首段要有背景信息
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雅思寫(xiě)作：首段要有背景信息
一、開(kāi)頭結(jié)構(gòu)三步走
Background information
Issue under discussion
Personal idea (這也是我們常說(shuō)的thesis statement)
Prediction (對(duì)文章總體內(nèi)容的預(yù)測(cè)，不強(qiáng)求考生在考試時(shí)候?qū)?
在這個(gè)必寫(xiě)的前三點(diǎn)中，很多學(xué)生會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)背景信息無(wú)從下手，不知道怎么寫(xiě)。于是，有了模板，就將題目里面的話(huà)硬生生地套進(jìn)去了。當(dāng)然，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)有趣的現(xiàn)象，那就是，有的學(xué)生用固定句型套進(jìn)去后得了高分，有的則相反，為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況，我們將在其他的博文中提到。今天，我們將重點(diǎn)落在如何寫(xiě)background information上。要寫(xiě)好Background information 首先要在審題的時(shí)候搞清楚什么是facts，什么是 view，分清這兩點(diǎn)是我們寫(xiě)好開(kāi)頭的，包括全文正文議論部分的重點(diǎn)。
二、示例
Example 1：
Some say that building more roads will help reduce the traffic congestion in big cities. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this. Do you support or oppose this statement?
Example 2：
In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.
例1：
這句話(huà)“Some say that building more roads will help reduce the traffic congestion in big cities.”是一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。其中say告訴我們，這個(gè)是個(gè)人持有的想法，而且是可以提出反對(duì)意見(jiàn)并對(duì)其進(jìn)行批駁的，因此也被稱(chēng)為debatable statement。
表示提出觀點(diǎn)的同義詞有：think, believe, hold, maintain, state, claim, present, support, be in favor of, be for, be opposite to, object to, be against…
在開(kāi)頭段中要求給出的background information應(yīng)該是一個(gè)事實(shí)信息，因此，在例1中，我們不可以通過(guò)照抄題目，當(dāng)作background information。所謂的背景信息，你只要問(wèn)自己一個(gè)問(wèn)題，即：“在一個(gè)怎么樣的社會(huì)環(huán)境下產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的話(huà)題”?；卮鹆诉@個(gè)問(wèn)題，background information就出來(lái)了。
例1 中給出“有些人認(rèn)為建更多的道路能減緩大城市交通擁堵?tīng)顩r?！碧岢鲞@個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的前提是存在交通擁堵情況，并且很?chē)?yán)重，需要解決。交通擁堵情況的產(chǎn)生的根源是大量使用汽車(chē)、或者是道路規(guī)劃存在問(wèn)題等，因此這些就是這個(gè)話(huà)題的前提，也就是在這個(gè)背景下，產(chǎn)生了這個(gè)話(huà)題，因此background information就應(yīng)運(yùn)而生了。比如我們可以寫(xiě)成：
Sample 1:
With the popularity of automobile in big cities, an increasing number of problems have arisen, one of which is the traffic congestion.
在內(nèi)容有了之后，我們就要開(kāi)始追求詞匯和句型了，paraphrase是重要技巧之一。全篇文章中要做paraphrase 的地方很多，比如如何闡述要討論的話(huà)題，body部分的concluding sentence，結(jié)尾段的restatement of the thesis statement; summarize the topic sentences. 包括在小作文中也很重要。 我們也會(huì)在之后的博文中重點(diǎn)討論如何paraphrase。
以上這個(gè)句子，我們也可以擴(kuò)展成以下語(yǔ)義更復(fù)雜的句子：
Sample 2:
When technology accelerates, an inevitable consequence brought with it is the unprecedented problems arising from it. Similarly, the enjoyment of automobile in modern cities also leaves people an ever intricate problem---the traffic congestion.
例2:
In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.
題目給出“在一些國(guó)家，年輕人被鼓勵(lì)在高中畢業(yè)和大學(xué)之間，花一年的時(shí)間來(lái)工作或旅游?！边@個(gè)就被稱(chēng)為了non-debatable statement，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)做法已經(jīng)存在，也沒(méi)法去反駁，因此是個(gè)事實(shí)信息。我們就可以直接把它拿來(lái)做背景了。完全照抄是不得不到高分的，paraphrase和sentence variety的功力就要體現(xiàn)在這里了，參考Sample：
Sample1:
Instead of directly attending university after the graduation from high school, youngsters in some countries are encouraged to spend one year working or travelling around first.
Sample 2:
There is a tendency that high school graduates are urged to work or travel for one year before their receiving higher education.
因此，認(rèn)真審題，分清fact和opinion在寫(xiě)作中是至關(guān)重要的。
雅思寫(xiě)作范文：氣候變化
Some people think instead of preventing climate change, we should find ways to live with it. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
有人認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)適應(yīng)氣候而不是防止氣候變化。你在多大程度上同意或者不同意?
參考范文：
These days, no one would deny the importance of protecting the environment.But there is no consensus on how to achieve this end. Some people believe that social members may try to tolerate the changing climate rather than endeavor to make a difference.I find it really difficult to justify this argument.
The climate change and its following impacts indeed have already been on the global scale and people have to admit this undesired social reality. The reasons for this may involve the recognition that environmental problems are mainly found in underdeveloped countries, where industrial or agricultural developments are the top priorities and have to be placed ahead of environmental issues. As a result it is likely for these nations to explore it excessive natural resource to stimulate the economic growth . In the absence of facilities or technologies, those countries have difficulties in balance the economy and the environment. For this reason a large number of people will unfortunately sacrifice their wishes of living in a comfortable zone, but accept the degenerated living surroundings.
However, this doesn't automatically mean that we may simply surrender in the battle against the climate change. After all the rare effort may contribute to the even more outrageous climate disasters,including the glacier melting, drought and flood. In this case,there must be some measures adopted to prevent the regression. One possible approach to urge government to enforce strict laws.These laws can punish environmentally destructive activities and determine businesses and individuals from releasing astonishing amount of carbon dioxide and other kinds of greenhouse gas, Which can effectively postpone the process of global warming. Moreover, in coping with this issue countries worldwide may join forces and make a concerted instead of working individually for inconsistent targets. For example those economically and technologically advanced nations can provide their aids to their less-advanced counterparts in order to restore the environment there.
As analysed above the climate change seems to be inevitable and inextricably intertwined with the economic development. However if we collaborate with each other,this phenomenon can be addressed properly.
(346 words )
雅思寫(xiě)作范文：廣告的作用
If the product is of good quality and meets people’s needs, people will buy it. Therefore, advertising is unnecessary and is no more than a type of entertainment. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
如果產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量好，滿(mǎn)足人們的需求，人們就會(huì)去買(mǎi)。因此，廣告是沒(méi)必要的，僅僅是一種娛樂(lè)。你在多大程度上同意或者不同意?
思路解析：
1. 娛樂(lè)功能：在指導(dǎo)人們購(gòu)物上，廣告的作用正在衰退。舉例，人們更喜歡通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的帖子和測(cè)評(píng)信息來(lái)選擇商品。
2. 銷(xiāo)售功能：廣告幫助人們有效地了解和對(duì)比產(chǎn)品。舉例，通過(guò)廣告中對(duì)于相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的參數(shù)，功能，和總體性能的描述，客戶(hù)能了解到該產(chǎn)品的特點(diǎn)和價(jià)值，并對(duì)于產(chǎn)品的好壞做出判斷。
3. 刺激銷(xiāo)售：廣告能勾起觀眾的購(gòu)買(mǎi)欲。舉例，一個(gè)精美的廣告往往能讓用戶(hù)重復(fù)購(gòu)買(mǎi)他們不需要的東西，如奢侈品廣告。
參考范文：
What is the root function of an advertisement in media? Some people believe it is just for entertaining viewers and it has nothing to do with products selling. Personally, I hold an opposed view that advertising is still the main way of stimulating the consumption of common goods, and my reasons will be explored as below.
Admittedly, Advertisements today have less influence on the public to purchase commodities, because now there are diverse information accesses to understand a product. For example, on an age of Internet, people with desires of purchasing goods, especially the youngsters, prefer reading the professional articles of forums or assessment websites collecting comments and feedbacks from consumers, or listening to the advices from the face-to-face communication with friends and peers. In their eyes, the description of a certain product on an advertisement is unpractical, unobjective and unconvincing. Therefore, advertisements—such as posters in billboards and Videos in TV screens—are viewed as the amusement by which the audience’s stress and worries in minds can be relieved.
However, I strongly believe this assertion underestimate advertisement functions in day-to-day life. Firstly, by what way can a customer be sure of whether a product is really good or needed? The answer is definitely the advertisement. For example, today cell phones of different bands have a high similarity in their appearances and shapes, and it is a big challenge for customers to pick put the right one. So there is a necessity for adverting, which can clearly presents the inner components, parameters and unique features of a cell phone. By reading the detailed information, customers can easily distinguish one product from others, and make a proper judgment of which one is the best or most satisfying for them.
The second reason against this assertion is that advertisements can encourage viewers to buy items they do not need. For example, typical slogans on advertisements like “special discount”, “l(fā)imited time offer” and “buy one get one free”, are overwhelming temptations. They manipulate brains of customers, driving them to purchase these bargains, with no concern of whether the products are really essential or not.
All in all, this assertion is basically problematic. Although the influence of advertisements is declining, they are still irreplaceable, in terms of their great contributions on instructing people to compare and select high-quality products, as well as sparking the desire of customers to do more shopping.
(409 words)
雅思寫(xiě)作范文：學(xué)生是否需要學(xué)習(xí)國(guó)際新聞
Should secondary students study international news as one of their study projects. one think it is a waste of their valuable study time. Discuss both and tell your opinion.
中學(xué)生是否應(yīng)該把學(xué)習(xí)國(guó)際新聞作為學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目之一?有人認(rèn)為這是浪費(fèi)他們寶貴的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間。討論雙方觀點(diǎn)并給出你的觀點(diǎn)。
思路分析：
1. 不該學(xué)： 國(guó)際新聞對(duì)于學(xué)生當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐣?huì)而言太過(guò)遙遠(yuǎn)，和他們每天的學(xué)習(xí)和生活毫不相關(guān)。舉例，國(guó)外的各種政治丑聞，罷工，或是股票的起起落落，都無(wú)法教會(huì)孩子們?nèi)チ私猱?dāng)?shù)厣鐣?huì)，或是幫助他們?nèi)〉酶玫膶W(xué)?？荚嚦煽?jī)。
2. 應(yīng)該學(xué)： 首先，學(xué)習(xí)國(guó)際新聞開(kāi)闊了學(xué)生的視野。舉例，通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)國(guó)際新聞中的國(guó)外文化元素，孩子們能掌握一種跨文化理解力，這讓他們的海外旅行和留學(xué)不會(huì)犯二。
3. 還有，國(guó)際文化幫助孩子們變的更加成熟。舉例，在富裕的國(guó)家，孩子們總是花錢(qián)大手大腳，因?yàn)樗麄兊某砷L(zhǎng)環(huán)境太安逸。當(dāng)他們看看那些關(guān)于非洲戰(zhàn)亂，饑餓和死亡的國(guó)際新聞之后，他們能學(xué)會(huì)珍惜他們的生活。
參考范文：
The world today has become quite dynamic and news stories develop almost every minute. Some people think reviewing the international news need to become a high school subject while another group disagrees. In my opinion, studying the news across the globe can shape these young viewers as well-informed citizens.
Admittedly, the main reason against such news is that it has nothing to do with students’ daily lives. For example, the breaking news in other countries or continents--such as political scandals, work strikes, ups and downs of stock market exchange, is too far from the regional situations to provide practical knowledge or instructions for local students. All they see and hear from the international news fail to reflect the truth and day-to-day changes of local community around them, or to improve their studying performance, or to teach them self-care skills for dealing with the challenges in a real world. In addition, the negative news from other countries including natural disasters, social violence and crimes, unnecessarily shock these young minds, thus trapping them into nervousness and anxiety. On this level, the assertion about the international news wasting time is proper.
However, I strongly believe the international news is highly valuable, to a large extent. Firstly, it is a wonderful means by which students’ minds can be broadened. For example, the international news reports inevitably contain a foreign culture from a certain country--from social manners to languages, from food to religious rituals. By being exposed to the exotic information, students can build up a cross-culture understanding, and their thoughts would become more flexible, adaptable and patient, when encountering with the cultural diversity in future travelling and studying abroad.
Besides, international news plays a role of catalyst for the maturity of youngsters. Actually, many teenagers in some rich countries are overindulged because they grow up in a peaceful, affluent, safe and healthy environment. More or less, they might squander money with no restraint. However, when watching the pictures and stories about Africa, like the massive starvation, epidemics, and the homelessness and death caused by civil wars, they begin to realize how happy their lives are. Then they can learn to spend money in moderation, cherish food and clothes, as well as turn into kind and charitable people with a willing of giving.
In conclusion, for young students in schools, there are more advantages of studying the global news over its disadvantages. Although it is possible that such studying is unpractical for their academic scores in school education or for daily lives, its benefits in cultivating youngsters as well-qualified generations with open, comprehensive and mature thoughts, can never be ignored.
(437 words)
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