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　　雅思考試閱讀材料推薦：用微波爐熱飯安全嗎?

　　Is microwaving food safe? 7 nutrition myths debunked

　　Do you need to drink one glass of water for every caffeinated beverage you drink? Are “white foods” like onions less nutritious than broccoli? Is dark chocolate really rich in antioxidants? Read on to learn the truth about seven common nutrition myths.

　　1Myth: Multigrain foods are rich in whole grains

　　When a food is labeled "multigrain," it means that more than one type of grain was used in the product -- though none of them are necessarily whole grains. This is also true for products such as “seven-grain” bread.

　　Whole grain means all the parts of the grain kernel -- the bran, germ and endosperm -- are used, allowing for a more nutritious product compared to foods made with refined grains. Whole-grain foods contain nutrients, fiber, and other healthy plant compounds found naturally in grain.

　　According to an article in the Journal of Nutrition, there is consistent epidemiological evidence indicating that whole grain foods substantially lower a person's risk for developing chronic diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer and also play a role in body weight management and digestive health.

　　To make sure a product is whole grain, look at package labels. The first ingredient listed should contain the word “whole,” such as “whole wheat” or “whole oats.” The USDA recommends healthy adults consume about 6 ounces of total grains per day, and that at least half of those grains (3 ounces) are whole grains.

　　2Myth: White vegetables lack nutritional value

　　While you may have been told to steer clear of “white foods” for good health, this advice does not hold up when it comes to white vegetables. Cauliflower, onions, mushrooms, turnips and even potatoes are packed with just as many nutrients as their colorful veggie counterparts. Eating white vegetables can increase intake of fiber, potassium, magnesium, and other vitamins and minerals – in addition to improving overall vegetable consumption, according to a paper published in Advances in Nutrition. The next time you add color to your salad, don’t forget the white.

　　3Myth: Dark chocolate has more healthful flavanols than milk chocolate

　　Dark chocolate is often perceived as healthier than milk chocolate because it contains higher concentrations of cocoa. However, dark chocolate does not necessarily have more cocoa flavanols than milk chocolate.

　　Naturally found in fresh cocoa beans, cocoa flavanols are a unique group of plant nutrients (phytonutrients) that research indicates may help improve circulation, cardiovascular health and blood flow to the brain. According to The National Confectioners Association’s Chocolate Council, the cocoa percentage marked on a chocolate’s label isn’t a reliable indicator of flavanol amounts.

　　“Cocoa flavanols are easily destroyed by typical processing techniques including the amount of time, temperature and moisture when making cocoa or chocolate. This process starts from the time the cocoa beans are harvested and continues throughout processing,” said Hagen Schroeter, Director of Cocoa Flavanol Research at Mars, Inc.

　　If you are looking to add more cocoa flavanols to your diet, Schroeter recommends additional sources, such as cocoa extract supplements.

　　4Myth: Cut calories to lose weight

　　While cutting calories will likely help you drop a few pounds in the short term, Alyse Levine, a registered dietitian nutritionist and founder of the Eating Reset weight loss program, says if calorie restriction is your main focus, you’ll likely gain more weight in the long term.

　　“Everyone thinks weight loss is about what they are eating, but losing weight for the long run comes down to why and how you eat,” Levine said.

　　Rather than focusing on consuming a set number of calories a day, Levine advises her clients take a more holistic approach to weight loss.

　　“There are three very simple-sounding things I tell people to do to lose weight for the long run: Eat when you are physically hungry, choose whatever foods will satisfy you and stop when you are more than comfortably full," Levine said.

　　The problem with strict dieting is that it often forces you to ignore physical hunger cues, which can eventually lead to over-indulging. Levine’s philosophy gets you in touch with your physical hunger, creating a healthier dynamic for long-term weight loss.

　　5Myth: Dietary supplements are a waste of money

　　Recent recommendations by the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force indicate a lack of evidence that a daily multivitamin will ward off major diseases like cancer and heart disease. However, that doesn’t mean dietary supplements don’t play an important role in your overall wellness, particularly for certain groups of people.

　　“Some populations like women who are or may become pregnant, people with nutrient deficiencies or malabsorption problems, strict vegetarians or vegans, and older adults may need supplements to meet their increased needs,” said Caroline Kaufman, a registered dietician nutritionist based in Los Angeles.

　　If you choose to take a multivitamin, Kaufman recommends talking to your health care provider to determine the right type for you as needs vary depending on diet, health history, age and medical conditions. In addition, it’s important to look for quality brands that have been tested and verified by a third-party organization, such as the United States Pharmacopeia (USP).

　　6Myth: Microwaving food destroys nutrients

　　This is an old nutrition myth – recently reiterated comically by Jennifer Lawrence’s character in the movie American Hustle – but microwaving food does not destroy nutrients. In fact, according to Kaufman, in some cases microwaving food offers health benefits.

　　“A fast and convenient way to steam vegetables, microwaving can help people retain more water-soluble nutrients often lost when drowning vegetables in water and cooking them too long. Microwaving also helps preserve heat-sensitive nutrients like vitamin C due to a faster cook time,” Kaufman said.

　　In addition, partially cooking meat in the microwave means less cooking time over an open flame.

　　“Microwaving meat before pan-frying or grilling can substantially reduce the formation of potentially cancer-causing chemicals, caused heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which cause cancer in animals, and may be linked to colorectal, pancreatic and prostate cancer in humans,” Kaufman advised.

　　7Myth: Coffee is dehydrating

　　A January 2014 study published in the journal PLOS ONE found that, contrary to popular belief, your morning cup of coffee will not dehydrate you. Researchers analyzed the hydration status of 50 male coffee-drinkers when they drank four mugs of coffee each day compared to when they drank four cups of water each day and found no difference between the two beverages.

　　While this is good news for coffee drinkers, Kaufman warns healthy adults should consume no more than 400 mg of caffeine a day -- that’s about 4 cups of brewed coffee, one "venti" Starbucks coffee or 10 cups of green tea. Consuming over 600 mg of caffeine each day is considered “too much” by the FDA because overdoses can be harmful and possibly lethal.

　　“While caffeinated beverages may help you meet your fluid requirements, in excess, caffeine can have negative effects on health like anxiety, agitation, headaches, insomnia, increased heart rate, dental caries, and more,” Kaufman said.

　　雅思考試閱讀材料推薦：女人對男人來說就是個謎?

　　Men found it twice as hard to guess a woman’s mood than a man’s after being shown pictures of people’s eyes and estimating how they were feeling, researchers found。

　　研究人員讓男性通過看照片中人的眼神來猜測他們的心思，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，男性覺得猜女性的心思要比男性的難猜得多。

　　However, the study showed that it is not because of men’s lack of trying - the male volunteers were given brain scans while they looked at the pictures, and the data suggested an unusual reason for the difficulty in reading women’s feelings。

　　而且研究表明，之所以會這樣并不是因為男人懶得去猜——通過對男性志愿者看照片時的大腦掃描發(fā)現(xiàn)，男性確實很難猜透女性的心思。

　　When looking at male eyes, men related what they saw to themselves, with the parts of their brains linked to past thoughts and feelings lighting up, the Daily Mail reported。

　　據(jù)《每日郵報》報道，志愿者在看男性的眼睛時，往往會聯(lián)想到自己，大腦中相關(guān)過去的想法與情緒會隨之調(diào)動起來。

　　The study suggested that they understood what other men felt by remembering similar moments in their own lives, and then used them to evaluate the image, the researchers said。

　　研究人員說，研究顯示，通過聯(lián)想自己類似的生活經(jīng)歷，男性能夠理解同性的感受，并對照片中的人作出猜測。

　　But when they looked at female eyes, the men were baffled, as their brains searched for memories of when they had seen another woman who looked similar to the image, and meant men found it harder to empathise with women’s feelings。

　　但當他們看女性的眼神時，卻變得摸不著頭腦，大腦不斷搜尋自己看過的其他類似女性神情，自然，這樣男性就很難在情緒上跟女性產(chǎn)生共鳴。

　　The scientists found that the amygdala, a part of the brain believed to be important for empathy with others, showed more activity when men looked at a man, rather than a woman。

　　科學(xué)家還發(fā)現(xiàn)，人腦中的杏仁體對情感共鳴起著重要作用。因此，當男性觀察男性時，這部分會很活躍;如果是觀察女性則不會。

　　The researchers, from the LWL University Hospital in Bochum, western Germany, said the male ability to decipher a woman's thoughts from her expression relates to earlier periods of history when being able to tell what another man was thinking –and whether he posed a threat – was much more important。

　　在德國波鴻市的LWL大學(xué)醫(yī)院，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，男性從表情揣摩女性心思的能力較差也和早期歷史有關(guān)，對于那時候的男性們來說，能夠猜到同性的想法進而判斷他是否構(gòu)成威脅，是更為重要的生存能力。

　　Commenting on the results of the study, published in journal PLoS ONE, the researchers said: “As men were more involved in hunting and territory fights, it would have been important for them to be able to predict and foresee the intentions and actions of their male rivals?！?/p>

　　研究人員說道：“因為男性更多從事狩獵和領(lǐng)土爭奪 ，因此對他們而言，猜測并預(yù)計男性對手的動機和行動就顯得非常重要?！?此項調(diào)查的結(jié)果已經(jīng)發(fā)表在了《PLoS ONE》期刊上。

　　雅思考試閱讀材料推薦：如何對付自己的多疑癥

　　A little critical, analytical thinking is a good thing. Without doubting ourselves sometimes we'd find it difficult to make good decisions.

　　有一些批判性、分析性思維是一件好事。有時候，不自我懷疑的話，我們就很難做出好的決定。

　　Too much doubt, though, can stop us living our lives to the full. Some people can never make up their minds about their careers, their love lives or much else.

　　但是，太多的懷疑也會讓我們的生活不得圓滿。有些人就是難以對他們的事業(yè)、愛情或者其他許多東西做出決定。

　　The problem is that we can never really know what the outcome of our decisions will be, that's the nature of life. But the person who never takes a risk, however small, never gets anywhere. At some point, after a little looking, you've got to leap.

　　問題是，我們從來都不會真正清楚我們做的決定會帶來什么樣的后果，這就是生活的本質(zhì)。然而，那些連一個小小的風(fēng)險都不敢冒的人，是什么都不會得到的。有時候，稍作觀望之后，你就應(yīng)該奮力一搏。

　　Doubt your doubt

　　懷疑你的懷疑

　　This is a fascinating counter-intuitive case when lack of confidence in your own thoughts. Perhaps learning to doubt the doubt more will offer one way of helping to escape from some of the crippling effects of excessive self-doubt. It is interesting that doubting your doubt can work to dispel the original doubt.

　　當你對自己的想法不夠自信的時候，懷疑你的懷疑就是對付“懷疑”這種本能反應(yīng)的絕招。也許，學(xué)會懷疑“懷疑”能給我們提供多一種對付過度懷疑的方法。有趣的是，懷疑你的懷疑恰恰是驅(qū)散你原始懷疑的有效方法。

　　雅思考試閱讀材料推薦：你想怎樣遇到自己的另一半

　　現(xiàn)如今，“找對象”、“相親”逐漸成為了一些年輕男女和他們的家長最關(guān)心的問題。對女孩們來說，“會不會嫁不出去變成剩女”似乎比找一份合適的、有前途的工作更為重要。健康、正確的婚戀觀也許是我們最應(yīng)該了解和學(xué)習(xí)的。

　　40,000 people gathered on May 26th and 27th for Shanghai's Matchmaking Expo.However， Yu Bin doesn't expect to find a wife among them. Mr Yu, a 26-year-old policeman, describes himself as conservative and is looking for a woman with "traditional virtues". His attendance at the expo, the city's largest yet, is a long shot; he would prefer a marriage set up by colleagues or by his parents. It worked for them 30 years ago, he says.

　　5月26日至27日有四萬人參加了上?；閼俨┯[會，但余斌(音)并不期望在其中找到另一半。余先生今年26歲，是一名警察，自認為是一名保守的男人，正在尋找一位擁有"傳統(tǒng)美德"的女性。他參加這次婚戀博覽會(盡管這是上海市的一次了)，成功找到另一半的機會相當渺茫;他更希望通過同事或父母介紹對象。他說，30年前，父母們的婚姻就是這樣建立起來的。

　　On the other side of the vast expo park, Fancy Huang is arguing with her mother. At 25, Ms Huang (who chose her English name herself) is two years shy of the dreaded age at which she will be branded a shengnu, or "leftover woman". Her cousins are all married, so her parents are applying pressure. Ms Huang's mother is stewing. "Sometimes my daughter says she would rather buy a flat by herself and live alone," she says. "It's so bizarre."

　　在寬闊世博園的另一邊，范?！S正在與她的母親爭論。黃女士(她的英文名是自己取的)今年25歲，再過兩年，她將會被人稱為剩女。她的表兄妹們都已經(jīng)結(jié)婚了，因此她的父母正在催她結(jié)婚。黃女士的母親焦慮不安。她說："有時我的女兒說她寧愿自己買一套房子一個人生活。這奇怪了。"

　　Mr Yu and Ms Huang are just two of the thousands of young people trying to navigate China's modern marriage market. At the expo there is no shortage of assistance. On one stage, a glamorous woman in a fuchsia minidress is hosting a public matchmaking session. A bachelor comes onstage and sings a song to 12 female contestants who hold up paddles with either a smiley or a sad face. Elsewhere, mass speed-dating events are under way. Dating agencies vie for singles to sign up. Their websites are wildly popular in China. One such site, Jiayuan, is listed on America's NASDAQ stockmarket.

　　余先生和黃女士只是數(shù)千名年輕人中的兩位，他們正在試圖摸清中國的現(xiàn)代婚戀市場。在博覽會上并不缺少幫助。在一個舞臺上，一位身穿紫紅色短裙的美女正在主持一場大眾相親會。單身男子上臺向十二名女嘉賓唱一首歌，然后女嘉賓要么舉起笑臉的牌子，要么舉起傷心表情的牌子。其他地方正在開展大眾速配活動?；閼俟鞠嗷ジ偁幾寙紊韨兂蔀樽约壕W(wǎng)站的注冊用戶。它們的網(wǎng)站在中國廣受歡迎。一家這樣的網(wǎng)站——世紀佳緣網(wǎng)已經(jīng)在美國的納斯達克股票市場上市。

　　In the past 30 years the Chinese search for a spouse has, like so much else, been transformed. Confucian thought emphasised a match's significance for society rather than for the individuals involved. Though formal arranged marriages were banned in 1950, parents and colleagues continued well into the new century to help couples pair up (some still do).

　　在過去30里，與許多其他事情一樣，中國人尋找另一半的方式已經(jīng)改變了。儒家思想強調(diào)婚姻之于社會的意義而不是之于個人的意義。盡管在1950年已經(jīng)禁止公開的包辦婚姻，但父母和同事幫忙相親一直持續(xù)到了新世紀(現(xiàn)在仍然是如此)。

　　The recent decline of such practices, especially in cities, in favour of choosing your own mate, has coincided with huge demographic shifts. China's skewed birth ratio (118 boys to every 100 girls) means that there will be a surplus of about 24m bachelors by 2020. And women's increasing socio-economic freedom makes them pickier when choosing a husband.

　　最近這種情況減少了，更傾向于自己找對象，在城市尤其是如此，這正好趕上了巨大的人口變遷。中國扭曲的出生率(男女出生比率為118比100)意味著，到2020年，近2400萬名男子將成為光混。而隨著女性在社會經(jīng)濟方面的自由度越來越大，她們在挑選丈夫時將更加挑剔。

　　Mr Yu, the traditionalist, remains hopeful. "We just haven't been in the right place at the right time," he says of his putative partner. Other bachelors are less patient. Last month, the "Multi-Millionaire Seeking Spouses in Ten Cities Show" launched in the southern city of Guangzhou. Eleven Chinese millionaires are paying a luxury matchmaking agency 5m yuan (0,000) for assistance. One of them, a billionaire, has particular requirements: suitable candidates should be aged 20-26, weigh less than 50kg (110lb) and have no sexual experience. So far more than 5,000 young women have applied.

　　傳統(tǒng)的余先生仍然滿懷希望。他在談到自己今后的另一半時說："我們只是緣分未到而已。"其他單身們就沒這么沉得住氣了。上月，南部城市廣州發(fā)起了"億萬富豪十城求偶秀"。11位中國的百萬富豪支付500萬元(合79萬美元)，向一家豪華的婚戀公司求助。其中一位億萬富翁開出了特殊的條件：年齡20-26歲、體重不超過50公斤(合110磅)、純潔之身才可入圍。到目前為止已有5000多名年輕女性報名申請。

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