托福閱讀最后一題的答題技巧
在托福閱讀的備考過(guò)程中，很多人都比較關(guān)注與托福閱讀最后一題的解答方法。其原因就是最后一題的信息量較大，對(duì)于初入托福備考學(xué)生來(lái)時(shí)，一時(shí)間很難找到入手答題的方法。下面學(xué)習(xí)啦就為大家整理一些方法，希望能為大家的解題帶來(lái)一定的幫助。
托福閱讀最后一題的答題技巧
在閱讀最后一題的解答過(guò)程中，首先我們可以再次回到原文看一下文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，掃描一下即可，不用花很多時(shí)間。但是，也必須提醒大家不必過(guò)于關(guān)注文章首段的內(nèi)容。首段一般交代文章背景，引出總話題，但最后一題問(wèn)的是分話題，所以可以跳過(guò)首段。
在解答最后一題時(shí)，心中還是必須明確文章中的一些關(guān)鍵詞。也就是說(shuō)，確認(rèn)了三個(gè)分話題，可以提取出關(guān)鍵詞，在提取關(guān)鍵詞時(shí)候是基于做前面題對(duì)文章每段內(nèi)容的了解上。不確定該選擇哪個(gè)的時(shí)候，可以看一下哪些是非常細(xì)節(jié)的。非常細(xì)節(jié)的選項(xiàng)通常都不是答案。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)題目考察的是主要內(nèi)容。
總之，覺(jué)得最重要的是把除了首段外的段落歸為三部分，不過(guò)挺明顯的，因?yàn)槊坎糠值拿鑼憣?duì)象都是很不一樣，掌握了這個(gè)原則，托福閱讀最后一題也就比較好解答了。
托福閱讀材料練習(xí)：the code of Hammurabi
Hammurabi was the ruler who chiefly established the greatness of Babylon, the world's first metropolis. Many relics of Hammurabi's reign ([1795-1750 BC]) have been preserved, and today we can study this remarkable King....as a wise law-giver in his celebrated code. . .
by far the most remarkable of the Hammurabi records is his code of laws, the earliest-known example of a ruler proclaiming publicly to his people an entire body of laws, arranged in orderly groups, so that all men might read and know what was required of them. The code was carved upon a black stone monument, eight feet high, and clearly intended to be reared in public view. This noted stone was found in the year 1901, not in Babylon, but in a city of the Persian mountains, to which some later conqueror must have carried it in triumph. It begins and ends with addresses to the gods. Even a law code was in those days regarded as a subject for prayer, though the prayers here are chiefly cursings of whoever shall neglect or destroy the law.
Yet even with this earliest set of laws, as with most things Babylonian, we find ourselves dealing with the end of things rather than the beginnings. Hammurabi's code was not really the earliest. The preceding sets of laws have disappeared, but we have found several traces of them, and Hammurabi's own code clearly implies their existence. He is but reorganizing a legal system long established.
托福閱讀背景積累：美國(guó)的歷史
The continent's first inhabitants walked into North America across what is now the Bering Strait from Asia. For the next 20,000 years these pioneering settlers were essentially left alone to develop distinct and dynamic cultures. In the modern US, their descendants include the Pueblo people in what is now New Mexico; Apache in Texas; Navajo in Arizona, Colorado and Utah; Hopi in Arizona; Crow in Montana; Cherokee in North Carolina; and Mohawk and Iroquois in New York State.
The Norwegian explorer Leif Eriksson was the first European to reach North America, some 500 years before a disoriented Columbus accidentally discovered 'Indians' in Hispaniola (now the Dominican Republic and Haiti) in 1492. By the mid-1550s, much of the Americas had been poked and prodded by a parade of explorers from Spain, Portugal, England and France.
The first colonies attracted immigrants looking to get rich quickly and return home, but they were soon followed by migrants whose primary goal was to colonize. The Spanish founded the first permanent European settlement in St Augustine, Florida, in 1565; the French moved in on Maine in 1602, and Jamestown, Virginia, became the first British settlement in 1607. The first Africans arrived as 'indentured laborers' with the Brits a year prior to English Puritan pilgrims' escape of religious persecution. The pilgrims founded a colony at Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts, in 1620 and signed the famous Mayflower Compact - a declaration of self-government that would later be echoed in the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution. British attempts to assert authority in its 13 North American colonies led to the French and Indian War (1757-63). The British were victorious but were left with a nasty war debt, which they tried to recoup by imposing new taxes. The rallying cry 'no taxation without representation' united the colonies, who ceremoniously dumped caffeinated cargo overboard during the Boston Tea Party. Besieged British general Cornwallis surrendered to American commander George Washington five years later at Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781. In the 19th century, America's mantra was 'Manifest Destiny.' A combination of land purchases, diplomacy and outright wars of conquest had by 1850 given the US roughly its present shape. In 1803, Napoleon dumped the entire Great Plains for a pittance, and Spain chipped in with Florida in 1819. The Battle of the Alamo during the 1835 Texan Revolution paved the way for Texan independence from Mexico, and the war with Mexico (1846-48) secured most of the southwest, including California.
The systematic annihilation of the buffalo hunted by the Plains Indians, encroachment on their lands, and treaties not worth the paper they were written on led to Native Americans being herded into reservations, deprived of both their livelihoods and their spiritual connection to their land. Nineteenth-century immigration drastically altered the cultural landscape as settlers of predominantly British stock were joined by Central Europeans and Chinese, many attracted by the 1849 gold rush in California. The South remained firmly committed to an agrarian life heavily reliant on African American slave labor. Tensions were on the rise when abolitionist Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860. The South seceded from the Union, and the Civil War, by far the bloodiest war in America's history, began the following year. The North prevailed in 1865, freed the slaves and introduced universal adult male suffrage. Lincoln's vision for reconstruction, however, died with his assassination. America's trouncing of the Spaniards in 1898 marked the USA's ascendancy as a superpower and woke the country out of its isolationist slumber.
The US still did its best not to get its feet dirty in WWI's trenches, but finally capitulated in 1917, sending over a million troops to help sort out the pesky Germans. Postwar celebrations were cut short by Prohibition in 1920, which banned alcohol in the country. The 1929 stock-market crash signaled the start of the Great Depression and eventually brought about Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal, which sought to lift the country back to prosperity. After the Japanese dropped in uninvited on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the US played a major role in defeating the Axis powers. Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 not only ended the war with Japan, but ushered in the nuclear age. The end of WWII segued into the Cold War - a period of great domestic prosperity and a surface uniformity belied by paranoia and betrayal. Politicians like Senator Joe McCarthy took advantage of the climate to fan anticommunist flames, while the USSR and USA stockpiled nuclear weapons and fought wars by proxy in Korea, Africa and Southeast Asia. Tensions between the two countries reached their peak in 1962 during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
The 1960s was a decade of profound social change, thanks largely to the Civil Rights movement, Vietnam War protests and the discovery of sex, drugs and rock & roll. The Civil Rights movement gained momentum in 1955 with a bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama. As a nonviolent mass protest movement, it aimed at breaking down segregation and regaining the vote for disfranchised Southern blacks. The movement peaked in 1963 with Martin Luther King Jr's 'I have a dream speech' in Washington, DC, and the passage of the landmark 1964 Civil Rights Act and 1965 Voting Rights Act. Meanwhile, America's youth were rejecting the conformity of the previous decade, growing their hair long and smoking lots of dope. 'Tune in, turn on, drop out' was the mantra of a generation who protested heavily (and not disinterestedly) against the war in Vietnam. Assassinations of prominent political leaders - John and Robert Kennedy, Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr - took a little gloss off the party, and the American troops mired in Vietnam took off the rest. NASA's moon landing in 1969 did little to restore national pride. In 1974 Richard Nixon became the first US president to resign from office, due to his involvement in the cover-up of the Watergate burglaries, bringing American patriotism to a new low.
The 1970s and '80s were a period of technological advancement and declining industrialism. Self image took a battering at the hands of Iranian Ayatollah Khomeni. A conservative backlash, symbolized by the election and popular two-term presidency of actor Ronald Reagan, sought to put some backbone in the country. The US then concentrated on bullying its poor neighbors in Central America and the Caribbean, meddling in the affairs of El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama and Grenada. The collapse of the Soviet Bloc's 'Evil Empire' in 1991 left the US as the world's sole superpower, and the Gulf War in 1992 gave George Bush the opportunity to lead a coalition supposedly representing a 'new world order' into battle against Iraq. Domestic matters, such as health reform, gun ownership, drugs, racial tension, gay rights, balancing the budget, the tenacious Whitewater scandal and the Monica Lewinsky 'Fornigate' affair tended to overshadow international concerns during the Clinton administration. In a bid to kickstart its then-ailing economy, the USA signed NAFTA, a free-trade agreement with Canada and Mexico, in 1993, invaded Haiti in its role of upholder of democracy in 1994, committed thousands of troops to peacekeeping operations in Bosnia in 1995, hosted the Olympics in 1996 and enjoyed, over the past few years, the fruits of a bull market on Wall St. The 2000 presidential election made history by being the most highly contested race in the nation's history.
The Democratic candidate, Al Gore, secured the majority of the popular vote but lost the election when all of Florida's electoral college votes went to George W Bush, who was ahead of Gore in that state by only 500 votes. Demands for recounts, a ruling by the Florida Supreme Court in favor of partial recounts, and a handful of lawsuits generated by both parties were brought to a halt when the US Supreme Court split along party lines and ruled that all recounts should cease. After five tumultuous weeks, Bush was declared the winner. The early part of Bush's presidency saw the US face international tension, with renewed violence in the Middle East, a spy-plane standoff with China and nearly global disapproval of US foreign policy with regard to the environment. On the domestic front, a considerably weakened economy provided challenges for national policymakers. Whether the US can continue to hold onto its dominant position on the world stage and rejuvenate its economy remains to be seen.
托福閱讀重要的句子積累
1. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect – success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun – as an actor might.
戴著面具身著盛裝的人們，經(jīng)常扮演各種其他人物、動(dòng)物或超自然生靈，并且作為一個(gè)扮演者所能做的，就是期盼一個(gè)在狩獵或戰(zhàn)役中獲勝、降雨的來(lái)臨，陽(yáng)光的重現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。
2.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.
但是這些事實(shí)不能解釋這個(gè)令人感興趣的問(wèn)題，就是為什么在一個(gè)特殊的靠近他們出生的地方如此的集中了這么多懷孕的魚龍。
3.A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instruments capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.
十九世紀(jì)一系列持續(xù)的機(jī)械進(jìn)步，包括踏板的傳入、金屬結(jié)構(gòu)的完善和鋼絲最完美的質(zhì)量，最后產(chǎn)生了一種能容納無(wú)數(shù)音調(diào)——從最精致的和弦到一個(gè)成熟管弦的聲音或從一個(gè)清澈的歌聲到輝煌的敲擊樂(lè)的效果——的樂(lè)器。
4.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1972 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent.
雖然我們習(xí)慣于談到1972年以前的電影是無(wú)聲的，但用一句完全感性的話來(lái)說(shuō)，電影從來(lái)就不是沒(méi)有聲音的。
5.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualifications for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces.
多年以來(lái)電影音樂(lè)的選擇程序完全掌握在導(dǎo)演和音樂(lè)督導(dǎo)手中，通常擁有這些權(quán)力的主要資格并非是自身的技藝和品味而更多的是因?yàn)閾碛写罅康膫€(gè)人音樂(lè)素材庫(kù)。
6.Rather, they were made of a top layer of woolen or glazed worsted wool fabric, consisting of smooth, compact yarn from long wool fibers, dyed dark blue, green, or brown with a bottom layer of a coarser woolen material, either natural or a shade of yellow.
更進(jìn)一步，他們是由一個(gè)頂層是毛紡或光滑的精紡羊毛織物制作，包含光滑，緊湊的紗線來(lái)自長(zhǎng)羊毛的纖維染成蘭黑色、綠色、或褐色底層含有粗糙天然的和暗黃色的毛紡材料。
7.For good measure, during the spring and summer drought, heat, hail, grasshoppers, and other frustrations might await the weary growers.
在春季和夏季，要精確量度干旱、熱量、冰雹、蝗蟲和其他損失可能是一件疲勞的事情。
8.What we today call America folk art was, indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits.
我們今天所謂的美國(guó)民間藝術(shù)，實(shí)際上是普通老百姓的藝術(shù)、被普通老百姓創(chuàng)造的藝術(shù)和為普通老百姓和日常提到的“民間人士”的藝術(shù)，是一個(gè)他們?cè)谏鐣?huì)日漸繁榮和休閑情況下創(chuàng)建的一個(gè)包含各種各樣尤其是肖像畫種類的藝術(shù)的市場(chǎng)。
9.The people had no agriculture but, over thousands of years, had developed techniques and equipment to exploit their environment, basing their economy on fishing in streams and coastal waters that teemed with salmon, halibut, and other varieties of fish; gathering abalone, mussels, clams, and other shellfish from the rocky coastline; hunting land and sea mammals; and collecting wild plant foods.
他們沒(méi)有農(nóng)業(yè)，但是經(jīng)過(guò)幾千年，已經(jīng)發(fā)展了探索自身環(huán)境的技術(shù)和設(shè)備。他們是基于大量出現(xiàn)鮭魚、大比目魚和其他多種魚類的自身流域和水岸捕魚的經(jīng)濟(jì);基于從落基山水岸聚集了鮑魚、蚌類、蛤和其他貝殼動(dòng)物的經(jīng)濟(jì);基于捕獵地域和海洋哺乳動(dòng)物的經(jīng)濟(jì);以及基于收集野生植物的食物的經(jīng)濟(jì)。
提高學(xué)習(xí)的效率方法
1、不妨給自己定一些時(shí)間限制。連續(xù)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的學(xué)習(xí)很容易使自己產(chǎn)生厭煩情緒，這時(shí)可以把所有的功課分成若干個(gè)部分，把每一部分限定時(shí)間，這樣不僅有助于提高效率，還不會(huì)產(chǎn)生疲勞感。如果可能的話，逐步縮短所用的時(shí)間，不久你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，以前一小時(shí)都完不成的作業(yè)，四十分鐘就可以完成了。
2、不要在學(xué)習(xí)的同時(shí)干其他事或想其他事。一心不能二用的道理誰(shuí)都明白，可還是有許多同學(xué)在邊學(xué)習(xí)邊聽音樂(lè)?；蛟S你會(huì)說(shuō)聽音樂(lè)是放松神經(jīng)的好辦法，那么你盡可以專心的學(xué)習(xí)一小時(shí)后全身放松地聽一刻鐘音樂(lè)，這樣比帶著耳機(jī)做功課的效果好多了。
3、不要整個(gè)晚上都復(fù)習(xí)同一門功課。這樣做非但容易疲勞，而且效果也很差。每晚安排復(fù)習(xí)兩三門功課，情況要好多了。
經(jīng)驗(yàn)二：
如何提高學(xué)習(xí)效率呢?
最重要的一條就是勞逸結(jié)合。學(xué)習(xí)效率的提高最需要的是清醒敏捷的頭腦，所以適當(dāng)?shù)男菹ⅲ粌H僅是有好處的，更是必要的，是提高各項(xiàng)學(xué)習(xí)效率的基礎(chǔ)。
那么上課時(shí)的聽課效率如何提高呢?
課前要有一定的預(yù)習(xí)，這是必要的，不過(guò)預(yù)習(xí)比較粗略，無(wú)非是走馬觀花地看一下課本，這樣課本上講的內(nèi)容、重點(diǎn)大致在心里有個(gè)譜了，聽起課來(lái)就比較有針對(duì)性。預(yù)習(xí)時(shí)，不必搞得太細(xì)，如果過(guò)細(xì)一是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，二是上課時(shí)未免會(huì)有些松懈，有時(shí)反而忽略了最有用的東西。
上課期間還有一個(gè)時(shí)間分配的問(wèn)題，老師講有些很熟悉的東西時(shí)，可以適當(dāng)?shù)胤潘梢幌隆?/p>
另外，記筆記有時(shí)也會(huì)妨礙課堂聽課效率，有時(shí)一節(jié)課就忙著抄筆記了，這樣做，有時(shí)會(huì)忽略一些很重要的東西，但這并不等于說(shuō)可以不抄筆記，不抄筆記是不行的，人人都會(huì)遺忘，有了筆記，復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)才有基礎(chǔ)，有時(shí)老師講得很多，在黑板上記得也很多，但并不需要全記，要記一些書上沒(méi)有的定理定律，典型例題與典型解法，這些才是真正有價(jià)值去記的東西。否則見(jiàn)啥記啥，勢(shì)必影響課上聽課的效率，得不償失。除了十分重要的內(nèi)容以外，課堂上不必記很詳細(xì)的筆記。如果課堂上忙于記筆記，聽課的效率一定不高，況且你也不能保證課后一定會(huì)去看筆記。課堂上所做的主要工作應(yīng)當(dāng)是把老師的講課消化吸收，適當(dāng)做一些簡(jiǎn)要的筆記。
經(jīng)驗(yàn)三：
學(xué)習(xí)效率是決定學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)的重要因素，如何提高自己學(xué)習(xí)效率呢?
一、要自信。很多的科學(xué)研究都證明，人的潛力是很大的，但大多數(shù)人并沒(méi)有有效地開發(fā)這種潛力，這其中，人的自信力是很重要的一個(gè)方面。無(wú)論何時(shí)何地，你做任何事情，有了這種自信力，你就有了一種必勝的信念，而且能使你很快就擺脫失敗的陰影。相反，一個(gè)人如果失掉了自信，那他就會(huì)一事無(wú)成，而且很容易陷入永遠(yuǎn)的自卑之中。
二、學(xué)會(huì)用心。要自信。選“好題”，時(shí)間限制。連續(xù)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的學(xué)習(xí)很容易使自己產(chǎn)生厭煩情緒，這時(shí)可以把功課分成若干個(gè)部分，分門別類。
托福閱讀最后一題的答題技巧相關(guān)文章：
★ 新托福閱讀技巧
★ 托福閱讀考試技巧
托福閱讀最后一題的答題技巧
