托福閱讀經(jīng)典加試:沙灘的形成試題及答案
托福閱讀加試分為經(jīng)典加試和非經(jīng)典加試，一般情況下考生遇到的情況都是經(jīng)典加試，即所加試的題目都是固定的幾篇。這里小編為就為大家整理了托福閱讀經(jīng)典加試沙灘的形成內(nèi)容分享給大家，希望對(duì)大家托福備考有幫助。
托福閱讀經(jīng)典加試 : 沙灘的形成試題及答案
閱讀經(jīng)典加試 6Title: 沙灘的形成
概述：包括形成的條件，有一段說(shuō) beach 的構(gòu)成(composition)和 size，beach 的底部的組成。有的 beach 底部是珊瑚，有的是石頭，有的是沙子，但像加州海岸會(huì)隨季節(jié)變化而變化。另一段講好沙灘的形成需要 smooth 的地理?xiàng)l件，美國(guó)東海岸有的地方外圍有什么保護(hù)，所以里面的 beach還不錯(cuò)。并拿歐洲作了對(duì)比。最后幾段還提到了水對(duì) beach 形成的作用。
托福閱讀材料之國(guó)際空間站
The crew of the International Space Station have been forced to reduce power after half the cooling system suddenly shut down over the weekend.
Nasa officials insisted the three Americans and three Russians aboard were not in danger.
Urgent spacewalk repairs are being discussed for this week.
Without thermal controls，temperatures on the ISS‘s Sun-facing side can soar to 121C (250F)，plunging to minus 157C (-250F) on the dark side，Nasa says.
“There might be a comfortable spot somewhere in the middle of the station，but searching for it wouldn’t be much fun，” a statement on its website adds.
The station is now operating on a single string，the Associated Press reports，and has no safeguard in case of further cooling system failures.
Alarms sound
Trouble arose on Saturday night when one of the two ammonia-fed cooling loops shut down，triggering alarms throughout the ISS.
The two ammonia lines ensure that all the station‘s electronic equipment does not overheat.
Astronaut Tracy Caldwell Dyson set in motion equipment shutdown procedures and，with crewmate Douglas Wheelock，installed a jumper cable to keep all the rooms cool.
The Global Positioning System circuit，several power converters and a set of devices that route commands to various pieces of equipment were switched off.
Two of the four gyroscopes - part of the space station’s pointing and navigating system - were initially shut down but the crew installed a jumper cable to bring up a third gyroscope，leaving the station in a much more stable position，AP says.
Flight controllers tried to restart the disabled ammonia pump early on Sunday but the circuit breaker tripped again.
Any repairs later this week almost certainly will involve replacing the faulty ammonia pump，a difficult job that would require two spacewalks，AP adds.
“It‘s pretty clear that we’re going to want to have a course of action to take as quickly as possible，” Nasa spokesman Rob Navias said at the Johnson Space Center in Houston，Texas.
“This is not something we want to linger over.”
Two spare pumps are stored on the outside of the station. Two of the Americans on board are already scheduled to conduct a spacewalk on Thursday for routine maintenance.
No space shuttle visits to the ISS are planned before November.
托福閱讀材料之如何延長(zhǎng)友情保質(zhì)期
1.Make time for friendships. Nothing makes closeness fade away more than never talking to or seeing each other. While some bonds of friendship may be strong enough to span long silences, most aren't. If you cherish a person's friendship, make time for him or her, whether it's just the occasional phone call, e-mail or a weekly get-together.
為朋友騰出時(shí)間。不交流，也不見面會(huì)讓朋友日漸疏遠(yuǎn)。盡管有的友誼足夠牢固，經(jīng)得起長(zhǎng)時(shí)間冷卻，但大多數(shù)是不行的。如果你珍惜一人友情，就為他或她留出時(shí)間。不管是偶爾打個(gè)電話，或是發(fā)一封郵件，又或是周末聚會(huì)。
1)On your computer at home or work, make a note to "call friends" regularly.
在你公司或家里的電腦上貼個(gè)便條“給朋友打電話”。
2)Keep a Post-it note on the phone, the bathroom mirror, the car dashboard, anywhere you're likely to see it.
貼張便條在電話上，浴室的鏡子上，或汽車擋板上，任何你可能看到的地方。
3)Also make sure your friends' phone numbers are programmed into your phone. Then call a friend when you have a spare 10 minutes.
確認(rèn)你電話里存有朋友的電話號(hào)碼，有空的時(shí)候給朋友打個(gè)電話。
4)Schedule a regular once-a-month lunch – same time, same place.
定期安排一個(gè)月一次的午餐，同一時(shí)間，同一地點(diǎn)。
2.Remember: a true friend doesn't flee when changes occur. Nothing is sadder for new parents than to find that their single friends have abandoned them because of the baby. A good friend is one who stays true through it all – marriage, parenthood, new jobs, new homes, any losses. Just because a situation's changed doesn't mean the person has.
記住：真正是朋友是在發(fā)生變故時(shí)仍留在你身邊。沒有什么比這更難過了，剛當(dāng)爸媽卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的單身朋友因?yàn)樗麄冇辛诵『⒕头艞壛怂麄?。好朋友是能夠?jīng)歷一切的：結(jié)婚，生兒育女，新工作，新家庭，任何損失。因?yàn)榍闆r改變了并不意味人改變了。
3.Make sure you aren't being a burden to a friend. Friendships fade away if there isn't an equilibrium between the give and the take. Be sensitive to how much your friend can and can't offer you – be it time, energy or help – and don't overstep the mark. And vice versa: friendships that drain you will not last. If a friendship is out of balance, talk the situation through.
確保你不會(huì)成為朋友的負(fù)擔(dān)。如果付出和回報(bào)不平衡，友誼會(huì)逐漸褪色。對(duì)于哪些朋友能給予哪些不能給予要很敏感—無(wú)論是時(shí)間，精力或幫助，不要逾越界限，反之亦然。拖后腿的友誼不會(huì)長(zhǎng)久的。如果友誼失去了平衡，就要說(shuō)出來(lái)。
4.Be a good listener. It can be the hardest thing in the world to do – simply to listen as he or she pours it all out or is seeking your advice or opinion. To be a better listener, follow this advice:
做一個(gè)好的聆聽者。這也許是世界上最難的事情—只是聽他或她的傾訴或是向你尋求建議。做一位好的聆聽者，有以下建議：
1)Maintain eye contact. Offer nods and murmurs to indicate that you understand his or her point of view.
保持眼神交流。時(shí)不時(shí)的點(diǎn)頭和低語(yǔ)表明你了解他的觀點(diǎn)。
2)Don't finish your friend's sentences. If you catch yourself planning your response while your friend is still talking, gently remind yourself to focus.
不要插話。如果當(dāng)朋友在講話時(shí)你正準(zhǔn)備回應(yīng)，提醒你自己集中精力。
3)Minimize distractions – don't write or read e-mails, open the mail or watch television while you're on the phone to your friend. He or she will hear the lack of interest in your responses.
盡量減少分心—當(dāng)你在接朋友電話時(shí)不要寫或閱讀電子郵件，打開郵件或看電視。他或她會(huì)在你的回答中聽到冷漠。
4)Be careful with advice. Assume your friend wants to let off steam, not necessarily ask for a plan of action.
提供建議需謹(jǐn)慎。假使你的朋友只是想發(fā)泄不滿，不一定是尋求行動(dòng)的計(jì)劃。
5.Be in your friend's corner if he or she's not there to defend him or herself. If you're at a gathering at which someone mentions your friend disparagingly, defend him or her against gossip or criticism. Say, "Mary is my friend, and it makes me feel bad to hear you talk this way." Sooner or later, news of your loyalty will travel back to your pal, and it will deepen your friendship.
當(dāng)朋友不在場(chǎng)時(shí)要站出來(lái)為他們辯護(hù)。當(dāng)你站在一群人中正在說(shuō)你朋友的壞話，你要站出來(lái)為他辯護(hù)，說(shuō)，“瑪麗是我的朋友，你們這樣說(shuō)她，我感覺很不好?！痹缤?，你朋友會(huì)知道你對(duì)友情的忠誠(chéng)，而且會(huì)加深你們的友誼。
托福閱讀背景知識(shí)之華爾街的故事
華爾街是全美乃至全球的經(jīng)濟(jì)中心，如何能夠在華爾街站住腳呢?選擇一個(gè)最受華爾街青睞的職業(yè)是最方便的了。
Wall Street has undergone a radical face lift this year, but finance industry recruiters are expected to stick to roughly the same formula when looking to fill entry-level positions with college graduates in the future.
華爾街如今已經(jīng)徹底改頭換面了。不過，金融業(yè)招聘人士在尋找大學(xué)畢業(yè)生填補(bǔ)初級(jí)職位空缺的時(shí)候，預(yù)計(jì)仍將堅(jiān)持與以往大致相同的甄選原則。
Wealth management, investment banking and research are expected to see a hiring surge in the coming years, according to Joseph Logan, founder and managing director of Pinnacle Group International, a New York executive recruiting firm specializing in the financial services industry.
Pinnacle Group International的創(chuàng)始人兼董事總經(jīng)理約瑟夫 洛根(Joseph Logan)表示，財(cái)富管理、投資銀行和研究領(lǐng)域有望在未來(lái)幾年掀起招聘熱潮。Pinnacle Group International是紐約一家專業(yè)服務(wù)于金融服務(wù)業(yè)的高管獵頭公司。
'A strong background in accounting plus financial [knowledge in] evaluation is the key-and being well-rounded will help a lot,' says David Smith, an associate professor at the McIntire School of Commerce at the University of Virginia who specializes in corporate finance and banking. Strong social skills and the ability to think creatively are important to round out more technical and quantitative talents.
“會(huì)計(jì)和財(cái)務(wù)估值方面的過硬背景是應(yīng)聘成功的關(guān)鍵，知識(shí)全面也會(huì)大有幫助，”弗吉尼亞大學(xué)(University of Virginia)麥金太爾商學(xué)院(McIntire School of Commerce)專門從事企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)和銀行業(yè)研究的副教授史密斯(David Smith)表示。出色的社交技能和創(chuàng)新思維能力對(duì)于那些偏重技術(shù)性和數(shù)理方面的人才來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)重要的補(bǔ)充。
Mr. Smith, who helps prepare students for finance job interviews, advises the students who want to head to Wall Street to eschew finance fads like the current demand in restructuring or credit derivatives which were hot two years ago and focus on becoming fluent in accounting and financial evaluation fundamentals that are applicable to any specialty. As the economy recovers more traditional financial services functions, such as mergers and acquisitions advisory will make a comeback, according to Mr. Smith .
史密斯幫助學(xué)生們?yōu)榻鹑诼毼?a href='http://www.zbfsgm.com/speech/mianshi/' target='_blank'>面試做準(zhǔn)備。他向那些希望在華爾街發(fā)展的學(xué)生們建議說(shuō)，要避開金融業(yè)一時(shí)的潮流,比如眼下對(duì)兩年前頗為流行的重組或者信用衍生品方面的人才需求，而將目光集中在像會(huì)計(jì)和財(cái)務(wù)估值基本知識(shí)這樣適用于所有金融領(lǐng)域的研究。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇,那些更為傳統(tǒng)的金融服務(wù)業(yè)務(wù)比如并購(gòu)咨詢行業(yè)將重新煥發(fā)活力,史密斯表示。
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