托福閱讀?？嫉暮Ｑ笤掝}
托福閱讀中的海洋話題，會(huì)考察同學(xué)們對(duì)大洋和海的認(rèn)識(shí)，海洋生物，例如海藻和海草，海綿動(dòng)物，水母和?？?，讓我們一起來(lái)看看這些與海洋有關(guān)的背景知識(shí)吧!
托福閱讀?？嫉暮Ｑ笤掝}
1.大洋和海(oceans and seas)
大洋是指面積廣闊的大海，而海是和陸相對(duì)的一個(gè)概念。陸地和大海相接的地方形成各種美麗的海灘。海洋可以調(diào)節(jié)氣溫，因而在決定氣候方面起到了重要作用。在熱帶地區(qū)這一點(diǎn)體現(xiàn)得更為明顯，海洋會(huì)吸收太陽(yáng)散發(fā)出的熱量，使地面變得相對(duì)涼爽，并把熱量散步到地球各地。海洋沒有一刻是靜止的。海水會(huì)隨著潮流沿著一定的方向不停地流動(dòng)。潮汐是由月球和太陽(yáng)的引力(gravitational pull)而產(chǎn)生的一種現(xiàn)象，潮水漲幅最大時(shí)稱為朔望大潮( spring tide)，漲幅小時(shí)稱為小潮(neap tide)。
2.海藻和海草(algae and seaweeds)
海藻和其他植物一樣含有葉綠素，可以通過光合作用制造養(yǎng)分。海藻根據(jù)其所處的海水深度可分為綠藻( green algae)、紅藻(red algae)和褐藻(brown algae)三種。
3.海綿動(dòng)物、水母和?？? sponges，jellyfish and sea anemones)
海綿動(dòng)物是最原始的多細(xì)胞動(dòng)物，全世界共有五千多種。海綿動(dòng)物沒有組織和器官(organ)，是最為簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)物，其身體由類似膠質(zhì)的兩層組成。水母、海嘗屬于腔腸動(dòng)物。和海綿動(dòng)物想比，腔腸動(dòng)物具有相對(duì)復(fù)雜的神經(jīng)組織和對(duì)稱的身形，還有像觸手(tentacle) 一樣、由刺細(xì)胞 ( stinging cell)構(gòu)成的嘴...
托福閱讀真題練習(xí)：海洋文化的文本+題目+答案
托福閱讀文本：
The Native American peoples of the north Pacific Coast created a highly complex maritime culture as they invented modes of production unique to their special environment. In addition to their sophisticated technical culture, they also attained one of the most complex social organizations of any nonagricultural people in the world.
In a division of labor similar to that of the hunting peoples in the interior and among foraging peoples throughout the world, the men did most of the fishing, and the women processed the catch.
Women also specialized in the gathering of the abundant shellfish that lived closer to shore. They collected oysters, crabs, sea urchins, mussels, abalone, and clams, which they could gather while remaining close to their children. The maritime life harvested by the women not only provided food, but also supplied more of the raw materials for making tools than did fish gathered by the men. Of particular importance for the native tool kit before the introduction of metal was the wide knife made from the larger mussel shells, and a variety of cutting edges that could be made from other marine shells.
The women used their tools to process all of the fish and marine mammals brought in by the men. They cleaned the fish, and dried vast quantities of them for the winter. They sun-dried fish when practical, but in the rainy climate of the coastal area they also used smokehouses to preserve tons of fish and other seafood annually. Each product had its own peculiar characteristics that demanded a particular way of cutting or drying the meat, and each task required its own cutting blades and other utensils.
After drying the fish, the women pounded some of them into fish meal, which was an easily transported food used in soups, stews, or other dishes to provide protein and thickening in the absence of fresh fish or while on long trips. The woman also made a cheese-like substance from a mixture of fish and roe by aging it in storehouses or by burying it in wooden boxes or pits lined with rocks and tree leaves.
托福閱讀題目：
1. Which aspect of the lives of the Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast does the passage
mainly discuss?
(A) Methods of food preservation
(B) How diet was restricted by the environment
(C) The contributions of women to the food supply
(D) Difficulties in establishing successful farms
2. The word "unique" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) comprehensible
(B) productive
(C) intentional
(D) particular
3. The word "attained" in line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) achieved
(B) modified
(C) demanded
(D) spread
4. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that the social organization of many agricultural peoples is
(A) more complex than that of hunters and foragers
(B) less efficient than that of hunters and foragers
(C) more widespread than that of hunters and foragers
(D) better documented than that of hunters and foragers
5.According to the passage , what is true of the "division of labor" mentioned in line 5?
(A) It was first developed by NativeAmericans of the north Pacific Coast.
(B) It rarely existed among hunting
(C) It was a structure that the Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast shared with many other
peoples.
(D) It provided a form of social organization that was found mainly among coastal peoples.
6. The word "abundant" in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) prosperous
(B) plentiful
(C) acceptable
(D) fundamental
7.All of the following are true of the north Pacific coast women EXCEPT that they
(A) were more likely to catch shellfish than other kinds of fish
(B) contributed more materials for tool making than the men did
(C) sometimes searched for food far inland from the coast
(D) prepared and preserved the fish
8. The word "They" in line 16 refers to
(A) women
(B) tools
(C) mammals
(D) men
9. The NativeAmericans of the north Pacific Coast used smokehouses in order to
(A) store utensils used in food preparation
(B) prevent fish and shellfish from spoiling
(C) have a place to store fish and shellfish
(D) prepare elaborate meals
10. The wore "peculiar" in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) strange
(B) distinctive
(C) appealing
(D) biological
11. All of following are true of the cheese-like substance mentioned in paragraph 4 EXCEPT that
it was
(A) made from fish
(B) not actually cheese
(C) useful on long journeys
(D) made in a short period of time
托福閱讀答案：
CDAAC BCABB D
新托福閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)：地球海洋的形成
托?？荚嚾掌冢?/p>
2019年1月5日
托?？荚噧?nèi)容回憶：
學(xué)科分類：天文
題目： 地球海洋的形成
內(nèi)容回憶：海洋的形成，通過研究地球軌道 orbit 運(yùn)動(dòng)，太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的變化去猜測(cè)海洋的形成，最終得出結(jié)論地球海洋形成是慢慢演變的
詞匯題：
1. extreme = intense
2. collide= mix together
3. in retrospect=reconsider the past
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