英語表示數(shù)字口譯
在漢英筆譯和英語寫作中,經(jīng)常會遇到數(shù)字;哪些場合用單詞表示,哪些場合用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字表示,往往使人難以確定,現(xiàn)行語法書中也極少涉及此類問題。接下來,小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了英語表示數(shù)字口譯,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
英語表示數(shù)字口譯
實際上,以英語為母語的國家,在書寫數(shù)字時已形成幾條約定俗成的規(guī)則,現(xiàn)總結(jié)如下供讀者參考。
(1)英美等國的出版社在排版時遵循一條原則,即1至10用單詞表示,10以上的數(shù)目用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字(也有的以100為界限),這條原則值得我們行文時借鑒。如:
That table measures ten feet by five.
那個工作臺長10英尺,寬5英尺。
The traditional pattern of classroom experience at the college level brings the professor and a group of 20 to 30 students together for a 45-to-50-minute class session two or three times a week.
由一個教授和十名學(xué)生每周會晤兩三次,每次授課時間45到50分鐘,是大學(xué)程度課堂教學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)方式。
(2)大數(shù)目用阿技伯?dāng)?shù)字表示顯得更簡潔明了,但不定數(shù)量、近似值用單詞表示較恰當(dāng)。如:
There are 203817 voters on the electoral rolls。
選舉名單上有203817個投票人。
Nearly thirty thousand voters took part in this election.
近3萬個投票人參加了這次選舉。
(3)遇到日期、百分比、帶單位的特殊數(shù)字,通常用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。如:
Maximum swivel of table is l20.
工作臺的最大回轉(zhuǎn)角度是120度。
又如:
①3rd march l991或3 march l991; a discount of 5 percent(5%的折扣);
?、趐urchased 7 yards of carpet(買7碼地毯);
?、踥rdered 2 pounds of minced steak (訂購2磅剁碎的肉)。
如果涉及的數(shù)目和單位是不定數(shù),可用單詞表示,
如:① about five miles per hour(每小時大約5英里),
?、赼t least ten yards away(至少有10碼遠(yuǎn)),
?、踙esitated for a moment or two(猶豫了片刻),
?、躨 have warned you a hundred times(我已經(jīng)警告你多少遍了)。
(4)在科技文章中,數(shù)字頻繁出現(xiàn),用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字比用單詞陳述更有利,如:
The new engine has a capacity of 4.3 liters and a power out-put of 153 kilowatts at 4400 revolutions per minute。
這臺新發(fā)動機(jī)的容積為4.3升,轉(zhuǎn)速為每分鐘4400轉(zhuǎn)時輸出功率是153千瓦。
we know that the weight of a cubic foot of air at 0℃,and 76cm,pressure is 0.08l pound, or 12 cubic feet of air weigh a pound.
我們知道,1立方英尺的空氣在0攝氏度和760毫米汞柱壓力下,重量是0.81磅,也就是說12立方英尺空氣的重量是1磅。
(5)句首不用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字,句末要盡量避免用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字,
4th July is an important date in American history.
應(yīng)該寫成the fourth of July
19 couples took part in the ballroom dancing competition.
19對選手參加了交際舞比賽。應(yīng)改寫成:Nineteen couples took…
60% profit was a reported.據(jù)報道有60%的利潤。
應(yīng)改寫成:Sixty per cent profit…
1345 kilograms force was applied at the center point of the bar.
試驗時在桿的中點加1345公斤力。
可改成When tested, a force of l345 kg was applied…
(6)遇到分?jǐn)?shù),可用帶連字符號的單詞表示,如:
At 1east two-thirds of the class have had colds. 這個班至少有三分之二的學(xué)生患重感冒。
Nitrogen forms about four-fifths of the atmosphere. 氮約占大氣的五分之四。
擴(kuò)展:Education
1.“培養(yǎng)”(人才)怎么譯?
“培養(yǎng)”可譯做 train, turn out 或 produce,如:
turn out large numbers of skilled workers
have trainedassistant and middle level technicians
the college produces very good interpreters.
有時“培養(yǎng)”也譯做foster,如:
to foster activists培養(yǎng)積極分子
2.“工作單位”怎么譯?
我國出版的英文報刊常把“工作單位”譯作“work unit”,unit一詞在英語中經(jīng)常用不 指“部隊”;翻譯時如能用具體的詞,如school, factory, hospital, company等可能更明白易懂。若指為特殊目的成立的機(jī)構(gòu)(如醫(yī)院,學(xué)校,公司等),也可考慮用institution一詞代替。原工作單位也可譯作the institution at which one used to work。
3.program一詞的意思
program有syllabus(課程提綱)或curriculum(一個學(xué)校,專業(yè),或?qū)W科的全部課程)的意思,如今也用來表示學(xué)校開設(shè)的“專業(yè)”,如:We have a MA program in literature/an intercultural communication program,或?qū)W校所設(shè)的“(訓(xùn)練)部”,如:the un language training program;Mr. Lin is in charge of the Chinese program in our university.
補(bǔ)充一些有關(guān)教育的詞匯:
project hope 希望工程
the credit system 學(xué)分制
a double BA degree system 雙學(xué)士制
students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers 定向招生
key university 重點大學(xué)
center for post-doctoral studies 博士后科研流動站
specialty 專業(yè)
college/university of science and engineering 理工科大學(xué)
normal university;teachers' university 師范大學(xué)
polytechnic university 工業(yè)大學(xué)
agricultural university 農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
medical university 醫(yī)科大學(xué)
institute of traditional Chinese medicine 中醫(yī)學(xué)院
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英語表示數(shù)字口譯
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