英語介詞的語法基礎(chǔ)
介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞, 詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。在句中不能單獨(dú)作句字成分。接下來，小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了英語介詞的語法基礎(chǔ),歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
英語介詞的語法基礎(chǔ)
介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構(gòu)成介詞詞組，在句中作主語, 狀語，表語，補(bǔ)語或介詞賓語。例如:
Most of the students went to the classroom.
大部分學(xué)生去了教室。
We play basketball on the sports ground.
我們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)上打藍(lán)球。
介詞常與動(dòng)詞,形容詞,名詞一起構(gòu)成固定搭配。
belong to 屬于 rely1 on 依靠
talk to 同...談話 be afraid of 害怕
be strict with對(duì)...嚴(yán)格
介詞一般放在名詞之前。但它后面的介詞賓語是疑問代詞,疑問副詞或者關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，這些詞提到了前面而只剩下介詞在后了。
Where do you come from?
你是哪兒人?
Who are you talking to?
你在跟誰談話呢?
What do you study for?
你為了什么而學(xué)習(xí)?
介詞在英語詞匯中所占比例很小，但它們的用法卻非常靈活,復(fù)雜。下列為常用介詞及含義:
about 關(guān)于,附近,大約,周圍,隨身.
I have bought a book about Shakespearean.
我買了一本有關(guān)莎士比亞的書。
There are about fifteen trees in the picture.
圖片里大約有十五棵樹。
above 在....上,高出,以上,超過,在...上游.
The plane is flying above the clouds.
飛機(jī)在云上飛行。
I think the man is above sixty years old.
我想那人有六十多歲了。
across 橫過,對(duì)面,交叉,在...的對(duì)面.
Can you swim across the river?
你能游過河嗎?
We live across the street.
我們住在街的對(duì)面。
after 在...后面,依照.
He went home after school.
他放學(xué)后就回家了。
Read after me, please.
請(qǐng)跟我朗讀。
against 撞到，靠著,反對(duì),違背,
The car hit against the tree.
汽車撞了樹。
He is standing2 against the wall.
他靠墻站著。
along 沿著,順著.
They are walking along the river.
他們沿著河行走。
among 在...當(dāng)中.
He is the tallest among them.
他是他們當(dāng)中個(gè)子最高的。
around 在...的周圍,在...那一邊.
They sat around the table talking the news.
他們繞桌而坐談?wù)撔侣劇?/p>
There is a drugstore around the corner.
拐角處有一家藥店。
as 作為.
He doesn't like people treat him as a child.
他不喜歡人們把他當(dāng)小孩子對(duì)待。
at 在...時(shí)刻,在...點(diǎn)鐘,在...歲時(shí), 向，在...之中，按...速度,值(賣)...錢,
He always gets up at six in the morning.
他時(shí)常早上六點(diǎn)鐘起床。
He shot3 at the bird but missed it.
他向鳥射擊，但是沒射中。
The car goes at eighty miles an hour.
汽車以每小時(shí)八十公里的速度行駛。
before 在...的前面(位置),在...之前(時(shí)間)
?e took a picture before the car.
他在汽車前照了張照片。
He can't finish his work before supper.
晚飯前他完不成工作。
behind 在...的后面(位置), 落后于，不如，
遲于,晚于(時(shí)間)
Are there any brooms4 behind the door.
門后有掃帚嗎?
All of us are behind him in mathematics5.
我們數(shù)學(xué)都不如他。
below 在...之下,低于,
There are four lights below the ceiling6.
天花板下面有四盞燈。
The murderer7 run away below the police's eyes.
殺人犯從警察眼皮底下跑了。
beside 在...的旁邊,在...之外,與...相比.
He found the body by the river.
他在河邊發(fā)現(xiàn)了尸體。
Beside yours， my computer is too slow.
與你的計(jì)算機(jī)速度相比，我的就慢多了。
besides 除...之外,
We are all here besides Bowe.
除鮑外，我們也都來了。
between 在...兩者之間,
The relations8 between the two countries has improved since then.
兩國(guó)的關(guān)系從那以后得到了改善。
beyond9 在...那邊,
The shop you are looking for is beyond the street, you can't miss it.
你要找的商店在街的那邊，你不會(huì)找不到的。
but 除去.
He has nothing but money.
他除錢以外什么都沒有。
by 被..., 在...的近旁 , 在...之前, 不遲于, 以...為手段。
The classroom was cleaned by the students.
教室由學(xué)生們打掃干凈了。
Miss Lucy came to China by air.
露西小姐是乘飛機(jī)來中國(guó)的。
down 沿著...望下。
She walked down the street.
她沿著街道走。
during 在...期間,在...時(shí)候。
During the holiday, we went to the south.
我們假期去了南方。
except 除...之外。
He knows nothing except English.
他除英語以外什么都不知道。
for 為..., 因?yàn)?.., 至于... 。
He works10 for this company.
他為這家公司工作。
She came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the classroom.
她返回到教室是因?yàn)榘褧粼诹四抢铩?/p>
?
from 從..., 來自..., 因?yàn)?..。
Where are you from?
你是哪里人?
He died from an accident.
他死于一場(chǎng)事故。
in 在..., 在...之內(nèi)，從事于..., 按照..., 穿著...。
He was born in 1992.
他生于1992年。
I could finish the program in two weeks.
我可以用兩周時(shí)間完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。
He spend less time in reading11.
他讀書時(shí)間很少。
The man in black jacket is our teacher.
穿黑夾克的那個(gè)人是我們的老師。
like 象...，如同...。
The twins are like their father.
雙胞胎象他們的父親。
near 靠近....。
There are some flowers near the house.
房子附近有一些花。
of ...的，屬于...。
This is a map of China.
這是一張中國(guó)地圖。
off 離開...，在...之外。
The young man got off the train quickly.
那個(gè)年青人很快下了火車。
I live in a village a little way off the main road.
我住在離大路不遠(yuǎn)的一個(gè)村莊里。
on 在...之上。
My book is on the table.
我的書在桌子上。
out of 從...出來，在...之外。
The dog run out of the house.
狗從房子里跑出來。
outside ... 外邊.
They are waiting outside the gate.
他們?cè)陂T外等著。
over 在...之上，遍于...之上，越過...。
There is a light over the desk.
桌子上方有盞燈。
He is over sixty years old.
他有六十多歲。
past 越過...，過...，超越...。
The students walked past the post office.
學(xué)生們走過了郵局。
It is ten past two.
現(xiàn)在是兩點(diǎn)十分。
round 圍著...，繞過...，在...周圍。
We sat round the table.
我們圍著桌子坐下。
The earth goes round the sun.
地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
since 自... 以后，自...以來。
He has made great progress in English since he came into the college.
從他來到大學(xué)后，他的英語有了很大進(jìn)步。
through 經(jīng)過...，穿過...。
They went through the forest.
他們穿過了森林。
throughout12 遍及...，在各處。
The police searched for the criminal13 throughout the mountain.
警察搜山尋找犯人。
till 直到...，在...以前。
He didn't come back till eleven o'clock.
他直到十一點(diǎn)鐘才回來。
We'll be home till six.
六點(diǎn)以前我們都會(huì)在家。
to 到...，向...，趨于。
How long is it from here to the station?
從這兒到車站有多遠(yuǎn)?
under 在...之下，低于。
There are some footballs under the bed.
床底下有幾顆足球。
These students are under seventeen years old.
這些學(xué)生們不到十七歲。
until 直到，在...以前，
Please wait for us until we come back.
請(qǐng)等著我們回來。
It was not until last week that I handed in mathematics paper.
直到上周，我才交了數(shù)學(xué)論文。
up 在...上面，在...上。
He went up the stairs.
他上了樓梯。
upon14 在...之上，迫近...。
It's not polite to look down upon him.
蔑視他是不禮貌的。
within15 在...之內(nèi)。
You must finish the work within two weeks.
你必須兩周內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作。
without 沒有，不，在...之外。
We can't do it better without your help.
沒有你的幫助，我們就做不好。
We couldn't live without air and water.
沒有空氣和水，我們就不可能生存。
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