初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法陳述句
就事物依照其實(shí)在情形陳述的句子叫做陳述句。接下來(lái)，小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法陳述句,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法陳述句
陳述句的句末必須使用句號(hào)(Full Stop)“.”，以示句子的陳述結(jié)束。
陳述句又分為肯定的陳述句和否定的陳述句，簡(jiǎn)稱為肯定句和否定句。含否定詞的句子稱為否定句(Negative2 Sentence)，不含否定詞的句子就稱為肯定句(Affirmative Sentence)。例如：
Mr. Walker is an Englishman3.
(華克先生是英國(guó)人。——肯定句)
He is not an American.
(他不是美國(guó)人。——否定句)
簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，表達(dá)事物的“Yes”這一面的句子就是肯定句，“No”的一面的就叫做否定句。傳統(tǒng)的英語(yǔ)入門(mén)都是先學(xué)肯定句，然后再學(xué)肯定句的反面，亦就是否定句。
否定句的表達(dá)方式基本上有下面的兩種。
(1)使用副詞否定詞“not”，例如：
(a)be，have為主要?jiǎng)釉~，例：
I am not a good swimmer4.
(我不是一個(gè)游泳的好手。)
He was5 not at home yesterday afternoon.
(昨天下午他不在家。)
I have not much money.
(我沒(méi)有很多錢(qián)。)
He has not many friend here.
(在這里他沒(méi)有很多朋友。)
解說(shuō)：“be/have +not”?？s短成一詞，尤其是日常談話更是如此。例如：
You aren't a friend of his, are you ?
(你不是他的朋友吧，是不是?)
He isn't my brother.
(他不是我的兄弟。)
I wasn't there at that time.
(當(dāng)時(shí)我沒(méi)有在那兒。)
There weren't many people at the party yesterday.
(昨天沒(méi)有很多人參加宴會(huì)。)
“am +not”不是“amn't”，而是“aren't”或“ain't[eint]”，例如：
I ain't ready.
(我還沒(méi)準(zhǔn)備好。)
I am very nice to you, aren't I?
(我對(duì)你很不錯(cuò)，是不是?)
美國(guó)人用“ain't”很隨便，應(yīng)該是“are not，is not，have not，has not”的地方，他們也會(huì)“ain't”一下就帶過(guò)去，宜注意。
下面例句是“have not，has not”的縮短形。例：
I haven't a headache.
(我沒(méi)有頭痛。)
(b)be，have為助動(dòng)詞
You aren't going6 to go to her birthday party, are you?
(你不打算參加她的生日宴會(huì)，是不是?)
It isn't raining outside.
(外面沒(méi)有在下雨。)
She wasn't asked to speak at the meeting7.
(她沒(méi)有被請(qǐng)求在會(huì)上講話。)
I haven't done anything wrong to her.
(他沒(méi)有做對(duì)不起她的事。)
He hasn't yet8 paid9 the money.
(他尚未付錢(qián)。)
be+ V -ing(進(jìn)行時(shí))，be +P.P.(過(guò)去分詞)(被動(dòng)詞態(tài))，have(has，had10)+P.P.(完成時(shí))等的“be，have(has，had)”皆為助動(dòng)詞。例1的“be going to …”在學(xué)校文法中也常被視為助動(dòng)詞。
(c)“助動(dòng)詞+V”時(shí)
動(dòng)詞帶有助動(dòng)詞“will，shall，can，may，must，need，dare，ought11 to，used to，had better”等時(shí)，將“not”置于助動(dòng)詞與主要?jiǎng)釉~之間。例如：
I will not do it again.
I won't do it again.
(我不愿意再做這種事。)
The old man cannot find his way home.
(那個(gè)老人找不到回家的路。)
I couldn't sleep last night.
(昨夜我無(wú)法入睡。)
You ought not to swim in the river.
(你不應(yīng)該在河里游泳。)
You had better not tell her everything.
(你最好不要樣樣事情都告訴她。)
注：“can”的否定形式是“cannot / can't”，不可寫(xiě)成“can not /cann't”。
(d)使用助動(dòng)詞“do”的否定句
一般動(dòng)詞的否定句通常使用助動(dòng)詞“do”，句式如下：do(does, did12)+not + V(原形動(dòng)詞)，例：
I don't know her very well.
(我并不很了解她。)
He doesn't like Chinese tea very much.
(他并不很喜歡中國(guó)茶。)
She didn't come to school this morning.
(今天早上她沒(méi)有來(lái)上學(xué)。)
Don't believe13 him.
(不要相信他的話。)
注：“have”表達(dá)“有”以外的意義時(shí)，其否定句通常使用助動(dòng)詞“do”，例如：
Usually I don't have (=eat) breakfast on Sunday morning.
(通常星期天早上我不吃早餐。)
She doesn't have (=drink) coffee for breakfast.
(她不把咖啡充作早餐喝。)
We didn't have (=enjoy) a good time there yesterday.
(昨天我們?cè)谀抢锿娴貌挥淇臁?
不過(guò)美式英語(yǔ)“have”作“有”的意義使用時(shí)也如一般動(dòng)詞使用助動(dòng)詞“do”，例如：
I don't have brothers.
(我沒(méi)有兄弟。)
We didn't have time enough to finish the work.
(我們當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間完成那件工作。)
(2)使用“not”以外的否定詞：
(a)副詞：never，seldom14，hardly，little，neither等，例：
She never comes to school late.
(他上學(xué)從不遲到。)
She seldom comes to see me.
(她不常來(lái)看我。)
(b)形容詞：no，few15，little等，例：
I have no brothers.(=I don't have brothers.)
(我沒(méi)有兄弟。)
He has few friends in Hong Kong.
(他在香港幾乎沒(méi)有朋友。)
(c)代詞：nothing，nobody16，none等，例：
I know nothing about computer.
(對(duì)于電腦我一竅不通。)
I found17 nobody about computer.
(在那棟房子里我沒(méi)看到任何人。)
注：
1.有些文法書(shū)認(rèn)為“Not +V”為句子否定法，是否定句，而“no +n.或如nothing等”為單詞否定法，不宜稱為否定句。例如：
He doesn't have brother.(否定句)
He has no brothers.(單詞否定，但應(yīng)視為肯定句，因?yàn)橹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是肯定。)
請(qǐng)注意下面兩句的意義上的區(qū)別：
He doesn't have a breakfast.
He has not a breakfast.
(他不吃早餐。——否定句)
He has no breakfast.
(他沒(méi)有早餐可吃。——單詞否定，肯定句)
2.否定也可以借用前綴或后綴來(lái)表達(dá)，例如：
He is honest18.
(他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。)
He is dishonest19.(=He in not honest.)
(他不誠(chéng)實(shí)。)
They have children.
(他們有小孩。)
They are childless.(=The don't have children.)
(他們沒(méi)有小孩。)
練習(xí)：
Ⅰ.請(qǐng)把下列各句改為否定句。
1.Amy is the best student in my class.
2.Jim has a lot of stamps.
3.John studies very hard this semester20.
4.Bill21 broke22 the glass yesterday.
5.Did he write you a letter last week?
6.Open the window, Peter.
7.We had a walk after dinner yesterday.
?、?請(qǐng)把下列各句改為肯定句。
1.She doesn't have to go to school today.
2.My father doesn't go to his office by bus.
3.I didn't see him yesterday.
4.Mr. Smith won't teach us next year.
5.You need not do it today.
6.She cannot run very last.
7.She doesn't wash her clothes herself23.
擴(kuò)展：初中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法：詞類(lèi)-感嘆詞感嘆詞(Interjection—int.)
定義：用以表達(dá)喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)等強(qiáng)烈情緒及招呼喊叫等的詞或詞組叫做感嘆詞。例如：
Ah!(啊!)
O(h)!(哦)!
Alas1!(哎呀!嗚呼哀哉!)
Dear me!(天哪!)
My God!(天哪!糟糕!)
Hello!(喂!哈羅!)
Hi!(嗨!)
Happy birthday!(祝你生日快樂(lè)!)
解說(shuō)：感嘆詞是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的表意單位，與前后相接的從句(或句子)無(wú)修飾或從屬關(guān)系。感嘆詞須如上面各例所示使用感嘆號(hào)(亦稱驚嘆號(hào))“!”標(biāo)示。
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初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法陳述句
