初二英語知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)
來，到我們的初二的學(xué)生們了，接下來，小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了初二英語知識點(diǎn)總結(jié),歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
初二英語知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)
初二年級(上)
【知識梳理】
I. 重點(diǎn)短語
1. on time
2. best wishes
3. give a talk
4. for example
5. short for
6. a waste3 of time
7. go on a field5 trip
8. go fishing
9. I agree6
10. next week
11. the day after tomorrow
12. have a picnic
13. have some problems7 doing sth.
14. go the wrong way
15. hurry up
16. get together
17. in the open air
18. on Mid-Autumn Day
19. come over
20. have to
21. get home
22. agree with
23. in the country
24. in town
25. all the same
26. in front of
27. on the left/right side
28. next to
29. up and down
30. keep healthy
31. grow up
32. at the same time
33. the day before yesterday
35. last Saturday
36. half an hour ago
37. a moment ago
38. just now
39. by the way
40. all the time
41. at first
II. 重要句型
1. have fun doing sth.
2. Why don’t you…?
3. We’re going9 to do sth.
4. start with sth.
5. Why not…?
6. Are you going to…?
7. be friendly10 to sb.
8. You’d better do sth.
9. ask sb. for sth.
10. say goodbye to sb.
11. Good luck(with sb)!
III. 交際用語
1.Welcome backto school!
2.Excuse me. I’m sorry I’m late, because the traffic11 is bad.
3.It doesn’t matter.
4.Happy Teachers’ Day !
5.That’s a good idea.
6.What are you going to do?
7.Where are we going ?
8.What are we going to do ?
9.I’m good at…
10.It’s not far from…
11. Are you free12 tomorrow evening?
12.Would13 you and Lily14 like to come over to my home for Mid-Autumn Festival?
13.I’m glad you can come.
14.Thanks for asking us.
15.How about another one?
16.May I have a taste?
17.Let me walk with you.
18.What do you have to do?
19.Do you live on a farm?
20.Which do you like better, the city or the country?
21.Which do you like best, dogs, cats or chickens?
22.Shall15 we go at ten? Good idea!
23.---Let’s make it half past one. ---OK.
24.---Why not come a little earlier? ---All right.
25.Excuse me. Where’s the nearest post office, please?
26.It’s over there on the right.
27.I’m sorry I don’t know.
28.You’d better…
29.Thank you all the same.
30.Which bus do I take?
31.Go along17 this road.
32.What day was2 it yesterday?
33.I’m sorry to hear that.
34.I hope18 you’re better now.
35.Why did19 you call me?
36.I called to tell…
IV. 重要語法
1.be going to的用法;
2.形容詞的比較級、最高級;
3.形容詞和副詞的比較
4.一般過去時(shí)
【名師講解】
1. on the street / in the street
表示“在街上”時(shí)，on the street 和 in the street 都可以，在美國多用on the street, 在英國多用in the street. 例如：
We have a house in the street. 我們在街上有座房子。
I met him on the street. 我在街上遇見了他。
2. would like / like
would like 和 like含義不同。like 意思是“喜歡”，“愛好”，而 would like 意思是“想要”。試比較：
I like beer.=I’m fond20 of beer. 我喜歡喝啤酒。
I’d like a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer. 我想要一杯啤酒。
Do you like going to the cinema? 你喜歡看電影嗎?
Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? 你今晚想去看電影嗎?
3. another / the other
(1)another 通常用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上或不確定數(shù)量中的任意一個(gè)人或 物體。 例如：
May I have another apple, please? 請?jiān)诮o我一個(gè)蘋果好嗎?
This coat is too small for me. Please show me another這件外套我穿太小，請?jiān)俳o我拿一件看看。
(2)the other 通常指兩者中的另一個(gè)。例如：
He has two rulers. One is short. The other is long. 他有兩把尺子，一把短的，另一把長的。
I have two brothers. One works21 in Xi’an . The other works in Beijing. 我有兩個(gè)兄弟，一個(gè)在西安工作，另一個(gè)在北京工作。
4. have to /must
(1)have to和 must 都可以用來談?wù)摿x務(wù)，但用法略有不同。如果某人主觀上覺得必須去做而又想去時(shí)，常用must。如果談?wù)撃撤N來自“外界”的義務(wù)，常用have to。例如：
I must stop smoking22. 我必須戒煙。(自己想戒煙)
They have to work for the boss23.
他們不得不為那個(gè)老板工作。(條件逼得他們?nèi)スぷ?
(2)have to 可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)，must 只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：
I’ll have to get up early tomorrow morning.明天早晨我必須早早起床。
We had24 to work long hours every day in order25 to get more money.
為了多掙錢，我們不得不每天長時(shí)間地工作。
(3)用于否定句時(shí)，mustn’t意思是“決不能”，“禁止”，而don’t have to意思是“不必”，相當(dāng)于needn’t。例如：
You mustn’t be late again next time.下一次你決不能再遲到。
You don’t have to go there today. You can go there tomorrow.
你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。
5. hear sb. or sth.doing sth. / herar sb. or sth. do sth.
hear sb. or sth.doing sth.意思是“聽到某人或某物在做某事”，而hear sb. or sth. do sth.意思是“聽到某人或某物做過某事”。試比較：
I hear him singing an English song.聽見他在唱英歌曲。
I heard him sing an English song.我聽見他唱一首英文歌。
類似hear 這種用法的還有see, watch, listen, feel等感官動詞。
6. any /some
any和some 都可以同不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式連用，但some一般用在肯定句中;any用在疑問句和否定句中。試比較：
I want some money. 我想要點(diǎn)錢。
Have you any money? 你有錢嗎?
I don’t have any money. 我一點(diǎn)錢也沒有。
some 有時(shí)也用于疑問句，表示說話人期待一個(gè)肯定回答或鼓勵人家說“是”。例如：
Would you like some more beer?請你再來點(diǎn)啤酒好嗎?
Could26 I have some rice, please?請給我來點(diǎn)米飯好嗎?
7. hear /listen to
listen to 和hear 都有“聽”的意思，但含義有所不同。Listen to強(qiáng)調(diào)“聽”的動作，hear 強(qiáng)調(diào)“聽”的結(jié)果。例如：
Listen to me ,please! I’m going to tell you a story. 請聽我說!我給你們講個(gè)故事。
Listen! Can you hear someone27 crying in the next room? 聽!你能聽見有人在隔壁房間里哭嗎?
I listened, but heard nothing.我聽了聽，但什么也聽不見。
hear 后面如果接賓語從句，常常表示“聽說”。例如：
I hear some foreign28 students will visit our school.我聽說一些外國學(xué)生將要訪問我們學(xué)校。
I hear there is going to be a film in our school this evening.我聽說今晚我們學(xué)校要演一場電影。
8. Let’s… /Let us…
Let’s… 和Let us… 都表示“讓我們……”, 如果us 包括聽話人在內(nèi)，其含義相同，附帶問句用shall we. 如果us 不包括聽話人在內(nèi)，其含義不同，Let us…的附帶問句要用will you。例如：
Let’s go shopping, shall we? 我們?nèi)ベ徫锖脝?
9. take/ bring/ carry /get
這四個(gè)動詞都有“拿”和“帶”的意思，但含義有所不同。take意為“帶走”，“拿走”，bring意為“帶來”，“拿來”, get表示“到別的地方把某人或某物帶來或拿來”，carry不強(qiáng)調(diào)方向，帶有負(fù)重的意思。試比較：
My parents often take me there on holidays.我父母常常帶我到那里去度假。
I’m going to take you to Beijing.我準(zhǔn)備帶你去北京。
Bring me a cup of tea, please.請給我端杯茶來。
I’ll bring the book to you tomorrow.明天我把那本書給你帶來。
The waiter carried the me to the table服務(wù)員把肉送到桌上。
The monkey carried the bag on her back.猴子把那個(gè)包背在背上。
She went back to get her handbag29.他折回去拿他的手提包。
Let me get the doctor.讓我去請醫(yī)生吧。
10. far away /faraway
(1)far away是一個(gè)副詞短語，意思是“很遠(yuǎn)”。例如：
Some are far away. Some are nearer.有些離得很遠(yuǎn)，有些離得近一些的。
The village is far away from here.那個(gè)村子離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。
(2)faraway是一個(gè)形容詞，意思是“遙遠(yuǎn)的”，可以在句中作定語。例如：
He lives in faraway mountain village.他住在一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的小山村。
11. find / look for
find和look for 都有“找”的意思，但含義不同。find 強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果，而look for 強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的過程。請看下列例句：
He is looking for his bike.他在找他的自行車。
I’m looking for my watch, but can’t find it.我在找我的手表，但是找不到。
I hope you will soon find your lost ring.希望你盡快找到丟失的戒指。
另外，find還有“發(fā)現(xiàn)”;“感到”等意思。例如：
I found30 a wallet31 in the desk.我在課桌里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)錢包。
I find this book very interesting.我覺得這本書很有意思。
12. in front of /in the front of
In front of 表示在某物的前面，不在某物的范圍內(nèi)。In the front of 表示在某物的前部，在某物的范圍內(nèi)。試比較：
My seat32 is in front of Mary’s.我的座位在瑪麗座位的前面。
He is sitting in the front of the car with the driver.他和司機(jī)坐在小車的前部。
【考點(diǎn)掃描】
1. be going to的用法;
2. 形容詞的比較級、最高級;
3. 形容詞和副詞的比較
4. 一般過去時(shí)
5. 本單元學(xué)過的詞匯、短語和句型;
6. 本單元學(xué)過的日常交際用語。
初二年級(中)
【知識梳理】
I. 重點(diǎn)短語
1. give a concert
2. fall down
3. go on
4. at the end of
5. go back
6. in ahurry
7. write down
8. come out
9. all the year round
10. later2 on
11. at times
12. ring sb. up
13. Happy New Year!
14. have a party
15. hold on
16. hear from
17. be ready
18. at the moment
19. take out
20.the same as5
21. turn over
22. get-together
23. put on
24. take a seat6
25. wait for
26. get lost
27. just then
28. first of all
29. go wrong
30. make a noise
31. get on
32. get off
33. stand in line
34. at the head of
35. laugh at
36. throw about
37. in fact7
38. at midnight
39. enjoy oneself
40. have a headache
41. have a cough
42. fall asleep8
43. again and again
44. look over
45. take exercise
II. 重要句型
1. be good for sth.
2. I think …
3. I hope9…
4. I love…
5. I don’t like…
6. I’m sure…
7. forget to do sth.
8. take a message for sb.
9. give sb. the message
10. help yourself10 to sth.
11. be famous11 for sth.
12. on one’s way to…
13. make one’s way to…
14. quarrel12 with sb.
15. agree13 with sb.
16. stop sb. from doing sth.
III. 交際用語
1.What’s the weather like today?
2.It’s cold, but quite suuny.
3.How cold it is today!
4.Yes, but it’ll be warmer later on.
5.Shall14 we make a snowman?
6.Ok. Come on!
7.Happy New Year!
8.May I speak to Ann, please??
9.Hold on, please.
10.Thanks a lot for inviting15 me to your party.
11.Ok. But I’m afraid I may be a little late.
12.Can I take a message for you?
13.That’s OK. It doesn’t matter.
14.I’m very sorry, but I can’t come.
15.I’m sorry to hear that.
16.Happy birthday!
17.Would16 you like ...? Would you like to ...?
18.Do you think ...? Yes, I think so. / No, I don't think so.
19.Do you agree? Yes, I agree. / No, don't really agree. I really can't agree.
20.There are a few17 / a lot of ... / on it.
21.So do we.
22.I'm happy you like it.
23.Which is the way to ..., please?
24.Turn right/left at the ... crossing.
25.Go on until18 you reach19 ...
26.How can I get to ...? Go down/up/along this road.
27.What's the matter?
28.It'll take you half an hour to ...
29.We'd better catch a bus.
30.It may be in ... Ah1, so it is
31.You must be more careful!
32.You mustn't cross the road now.
33.If you want to cross a street, you must wait for the green light.
34.Please stand in line.
35.You must wait for your turn.
36.If you don't go soon, you'll be late.
37.I don't feel very well.
38.My head hurts.
39.You mustn't eat anything until you see the doctor.
40.What's the trouble20?
41.What's the matter with…?
42.She didn't feel like eating anything.
43.Nothing serious22.
44.Have/get a pain23 in…
45.No problem24.
46.Take this medicine25 three times a day.
IV. 重要語法
1. 一般過去時(shí);
2. 反意疑問句的用法;
3. 一般將來時(shí);
4. 感嘆句;
5. 簡單句的五種基本句型;
6. 情態(tài)動詞can, may和must, have to的用法;
7. 時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句。
【名師講解】
1. above/ over/ on
這三個(gè)介詞都表示“在……之上”，但含義不同。on指在某物的表面上，和某物接觸;above指在某物的上方，不和某物接觸，但也不一定在某物的正上方;over指在某物的正上方，不和某物接觸。試比較：
There is a book on the desk.課桌上有一本書。
I raise26 my right hand above my head. 我把右手高舉過頭。
There is a stone bridge27 over the river. 河面上有座石橋。
2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth.
forget to do sth.意思是“忘記做某事”，實(shí)際上還沒做;forget doing sth,意思是“忘記做過某事”，實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做過了。試比較：
I forgot28 to tell him the news30.我忘記告訴他這條消息了。
I forgot telling him the news.我已經(jīng)把這條消息告訴他了，我卻忘了。
類似的詞還有：remember, regret等。
3. hope/wish
hope和wish 在漢語中都有“希望”的意思，但其含義和用法有所不同。主要區(qū)別如下：
(1)wish可以用來表示不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望;hope只能用來表示可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。例如：
I wish I were 20 years younger32.我但愿自己能年輕二十歲。
I hope you’ll be better soon. 我希望你能很快好起來。
I wish the weather wasn’t so cold. 但愿天氣不這麼冷。
I hope he will come, too. 我希望他也能來。
(2)wish可以接sb. to do sth. 的結(jié)構(gòu)，而hope不可以。例如：
Do you wish me to come back later? 你是否希望我再來?
4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or sth.
(1)be sure to do sth.可以用來表示說話人給對方提出要求，意思是“務(wù)必”，也可以用來表示說話人做出的推斷，意思是“一定”，“肯定”。例如：
Be sure to lock34 the door when you leave.你離開時(shí)務(wù)必把門鎖好。
It’s a good film. You are sure to enjoy it.這是一部好電影，你肯定會喜歡的。
(2)be sure of/about sb.or sth. 可用來表示“某人對某事有把握”。例如：
I’m sure of his success35.我相信他會成功。
I think it was33 three years ago, but I’m not sure about it.我想那是三年前的事情，但我沒有把握。
5. hear from/hear of
hear意思是“聽到”，從哪里聽到要用from來表示。例如：
I’ve heard from Xiao Wu that we’ll start out military36 training37 tomorrow.
我聽小吳說，我們明天開始軍訓(xùn)。
Listen to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.
聽錄音，并寫出你從韓梅那里聽到的內(nèi)容。
hear from還有一個(gè)意思是“收到某人的來信”(=receive a letter from sb.)。例如：
I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last month.
上個(gè)月我受到了美國筆友的來信。
I heard from her last week. 我上周接到了她的來信。
hear of和和hear from含義不同。hear of 意思是“聽說”，“得知”(某事或某人的存在)，常用在疑問句和否定句里。例如：
Who is he? I’ve never heard of him.他是誰?我從來沒有聽說過他。
I never heard of such38 a thing! 這樣的事我從來沒有聽說過。
6. It’s a pleasure39./With pleasure.
It’s a pleasure這句話常用作別人向你表示致謝時(shí)的答語，意思是“那是我樂意做的”。例如：
---Thank you for helping40 me. 謝謝你地幫助。
---It’s a pleasure. 那是我樂意做的。
---Thanks a lot. Bye.非常感謝。 再見。
---It’s a pleasure. 那是我樂意做的。再見。
類似的話還有 “Not at all.” “You are welcome.” “That’s all right.”
With pleasure也用作客氣的答語，主要用在別人要你做某事，而你又非常愿意去做的場合。例如：
---Will you please pass me the newspaper, please?
請你把報(bào)紙遞給我好嗎?
---With pleasure.
當(dāng)然可以。
7. seem/look
(1)二者都可以作“看起來”講，但seem暗示憑借一些跡象作出的有根據(jù)的判斷，這種判斷往往接近事實(shí);look著重強(qiáng)調(diào)由視覺得出的印象。兩者都可跟(to be)+形容詞和as if從句。如：
He seems41 / looks (to be) very happy today. 他今天看起來很高興。
It looks (seems) as if it it is going42 to rain. 好像要下雨了。
(2)但下列情況中只用seem不用look：
1)后跟不定式to do時(shí)。如：
He seems to know the answer. 他似乎知道答案。
2)在It seems that ...結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：
It seems that he is happier now than yesterday.他像比昨天高興些了。
8. be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for
(1)be ready to do和be ready for…表示“已作好…的準(zhǔn)備”，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)
(2)get ready to do和get ready for…表示“為…做準(zhǔn)備”，強(qiáng)調(diào)行為。如：
I'm ready to do anything you want me to do. 我愿意/隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備做一切做你要我做的事。
I'm ready for any questions you may ask.我愿意/隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備回答你可能問的問題。
He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.他正準(zhǔn)備動身去東京。
Let's get ready for the hard moment.我們?yōu)檫@一艱難時(shí)刻作好準(zhǔn)備吧。
(3)be ready to do 通常可理解“樂于做某事”，即思想上總是有做某事的準(zhǔn)備。be not ready to do表示
“不輕易做某事”。如：
He's usually not ready to listen to others43.他通常不輕易聽從別人。
9. at table/at the table
at table在吃飯，at the table在桌子旁邊。例如：
The Greens are at table. 格林一家人在吃飯。
Mr. Black is sitting at the table and reading44 a book.布萊克先生坐在桌旁讀書。
10. reach, arrive/get to
三者都有"到達(dá)"之意。reach是及物動詞，后直接加名詞，get和arrive是不及物動詞，不能直接加名詞，須借助于介詞。get to后加名詞地點(diǎn)，若跟副詞地點(diǎn)時(shí)，to去掉;arrive at +小地方，arrive in+大地方。如：
Lucy got29 to the zoo before 8 o'clock. 露西8點(diǎn)前到了動物園。
When did21 your parents arrive in Shanghai? 你父母何時(shí)到上海的?
It was late when I got home. 我到家時(shí)天色已晚。
11. sick/ill
二者都是形容詞。當(dāng)“生病的，患病“之意時(shí)，ill只作表語，不作定語;而sick既可作表語也可作定語。sick有"嘔吐，惡心"的意思，只能作表語，而ill無此意。如：
Li Lei was ill last week. (只作表語)李磊上周生病了。
He's a sick man. (作定語)他是病人。不能說成：He's an ill man.
My grandfather was sick for a month last year. (作表語)我祖父去年病了一個(gè)
月。
12. in time/on time
in time是"及時(shí)"的意思，on time是"準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí)"。如：
I didn't get to the bus stop in time. 我沒有及時(shí)趕上汽車。
We'll finish our job on time. 我們要按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。
13. may be/maybe
It may be in your inside45 pocket46. = Maybe it is in your inside pocket. 也許在你里邊的口袋里。第一句中may be是情態(tài)動詞+be 動詞構(gòu)成的謂語部分，意思是"也許是"，"可能是";第二句中的maybe是副詞，意思是"可能"，常位于句首，不能位于句中，相當(dāng)于另一副詞perhaps。再如：
Maybe you put it in that bag.也許你放在了那只包里。(不能說You maybe put it
in that bag.)
It may be a hat.那可能是頂帽子。(不能說It maybe a hat. 或It maybe is a hat.)
14. noise/ voice47/ sound
noise 指嘈雜聲，噪音大的吵雜聲。voice是指說話的聲音，嗓音，嗓子。sound是指耳朵能夠聽到的聲音、鬧聲等。它是表示聲音之意的最普通的字。有時(shí)還用作科學(xué)上的聲音。例如：
Don't make so much noise! 別那么大聲喧嘩!
I didn't recognize48 John's voice on the telephone. 在電話里我聽不出約翰的聲
音。
He spoke49 in a low50 voice. 他低聲說話。
We heard a strange51 sound. 我們聽到了一種奇怪的聲音。
Sound travels52 fast, but light travels faster. 聲音傳得快，但是光傳得更快。
【考點(diǎn)掃描】
中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：
1. 一般過去時(shí);
2. 反意疑問句的用法;
3. 一般將來時(shí);
4. 感嘆句;
5. 簡單句的五種基本句型;
6. 情態(tài)動詞can, may和must, have to的用法;
7. 時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句;
8. 本單元學(xué)過的詞匯、短語和句型;
9. 本單元學(xué)過的日常交際用語。
考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型天空、短文填空和完成句子。
初二英語(下)
【知識梳理】
I. 重點(diǎn)短語
1. on time
2. out of
3. all by oneself2
4. lots of
5. no longer
6. get back
7. sooner or later3
8. run away
9. eat up
10. take care4 of
11. turn off5
12. turn on
13. after a while6
14. make faces
15. teach oneself
16. fall off
17. play the piano
18. knock7 at
19. to one's surprise
20. look up
21. enjoy oneself
22. help yourself
23. tell a story / stories
24. leave....behind ……
25. come along8
26. hold a sports meeting9
27. be neck and neck
28. as10 ... as
29. not so / as ... as
30. do one's best
31. take part11 in
32. a moment late
33. Bad luck12!
34. fall behind
35. high jump
36. long jump
37. relay13 race
38. well done!
39. take off
40. as usual14
41. a pair of
42. at once
43. hurry off
44. come to oneself
45. after a while
46. knock on
47. take care of
48. at the moment
49. set15 off
50. here and there
51. on watch
52. look out
53. take one’s place
II. 重要句型
1. We’d better not do sth.
2. leave one. oneself
3. find one’s way to a place
4. stand on one’s head
5. make sb. Happy
6. catch up with sb.
7. pass on sth. to somebody16
8. spend time doing sth.
9. go on doing sth.
10. get on well with sb.
11. be angry with sb.
12. be fed up with sth.
13. not…until…
14. make room for sb.
III. 交際用語
1. We’re all by ourselves17.
2. I fell18 a little afraid.
3. Don’t be afraid.
4. Help!
5. Can’t you hear anything?
6. I can’t hear anything / anybody19 there.
7. Maybe it’s a tiger.
8. Let’s get it back before they eat the food.
9. Did20 she learn all by herself21?
10. Could22 she swim when she was23 …years old?
11. She didn’t hurt herself.
12. He couldn’t buy himself24 many nice things.
13. Did he enjoy himself?
14. Help yourselves25.
15. Bad luck!
16. Come on!
17. Well done! Congratulations26 (to…)!
18. It must be very interesting.
19. I don’t think you’ll like it.
20. It seems27 to be an interesting book.
21. I’m sure (that)… I’m not sure if… I’m not sure what to…
22. I hope28 so.
23. What was he/she drawing29 when…?
24. I’m sorry to trouble30 you.
25. Would31 you please…?
26. What were you doing at ten o’clock yesterday morning?
27. You look tired today.
28. You’d better go to bed early tonight, if you can.
29. How kind!
30. Let’s move the bag, or it may cause32 an accident33.
31. It’s really nice of you.
32. Don’t mention34 it.
33. Don’t crowd35 around him.
IV. 重要語法
1. 不定代詞/副詞的運(yùn)用;
2. 反身代詞的用法;
3. 并列句;
4. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級;
5. 冠詞的用法;
6. 動詞的過去進(jìn)行時(shí);
【名師講解】
1. bring/take
Bring表示“帶來、拿來”，指從別處朝說話人所在或?qū)⒃诘牡胤健皫怼⒛脕怼?。而take則表示“拿去、帶走”，它表示的方向與bring相反，指從說話人所在地“拿走、帶走”。如：
Bring me the book, please. 把那本書給我拿來。
Take some food to the old man. 給那位老人帶去些食物。
2. somebody/ anybody/nobody36
一般說來，somebody用于定句，anybody用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句。例如：
Somebody came37 to see you when you were out. 你出來時(shí)有人來見你。
Does anybody live on this island? 有人在這島上住嗎?
I didn't see anybody there. 我在那兒誰也沒看見。
Don't let anybody in. I'm too busy to see anybody. 別讓任何人進(jìn)來。我太忙，誰也不想見。
There is nobody in the room. 房間里沒人。
Nobody told me that you were ill, so I didn't know about it . 誰也沒告訴我你病了。所以我不知道。
3. listen, listen to, hear
這三個(gè)詞意思都是“聽”，但是它們的用法不完全相同。它們的區(qū)別在于：
(1)listen 只用于不及物動詞，后面接人或人物做賓語，著重于“傾聽”，指的是有意識的動作，至于是否聽到，并非強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)。如：
Listen! Someone39 is singing in the classroom. 聽!有人在教室唱歌。
(2)listen to 為listen的及物形式，后面一定要接人或物做賓語，這里的to是介詞。如：
Do you like listening to light music?你喜歡聽輕音樂嗎?
(3)hear 可用作及物動詞，也可用作不及物動詞，意思是“聽到、聽見”，指用耳朵聽到了某個(gè)聲音，表示無意識的動作，著重于聽的能力和結(jié)果。如：
We hear with our ears.我們用耳朵聽。
She listens but hears nothing.她聽了聽，但是什么也沒有聽見。
4. many/ much/ a few40/ a little/ few/ little
(1)many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞;都表示許多。例如：
He has many books.他有許多書。
He drank much milk.他喝了許多牛奶。
(2)a few和a little都表示"有一點(diǎn)兒"，側(cè)重于肯定，相當(dāng)于"some"，但a few修
飾可數(shù)名詞，a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，例如：
He has a few friends in London.他在倫敦有一些朋友。
Would you like some coffee? Yes, just a little.喝點(diǎn)咖啡好嗎?好的，只要一點(diǎn)。
(3)few和little表示"幾乎沒有"，側(cè)重否定。few后接可數(shù)名詞，little后接不可數(shù)名詞。例如：
He is a strange42 man. He has few words.他是個(gè)怪人，他幾乎不說什么話。
Hurry up, there is little time left.趕快，沒什么時(shí)間了。
5. either43/ neither44/ both
either可作形容詞，一般指"兩者中的任何一個(gè)"。有時(shí)也可表示"兩個(gè)都……"的意思，后跟名詞的單數(shù)形式;neither: 指兩者中沒有一個(gè)，全否定;both: 指兩者都，肯定。句中可作主語、賓語和定語，both后面應(yīng)跟名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：
Neither of the films is good.兩部電影都不好。(沒有一部是好的)
Either of the films is good. 兩部電影都不錯。(謂語動詞用單數(shù))
Both the teachers often answer the questions.這兩個(gè)老師都常常解答問題。
6. take part in/join
take part in參加某種活動; join參加，加入某一政黨或組織。例如：
Can you take part in my party.你能來參加我的派對嗎?
We often take part in many school activities45.我們經(jīng)常參加學(xué)校里的一些活動。
He joined the party in 1963. 他1963年入的黨。
My little brother joined the army46 last year. 我小弟去年參的軍。
7. quite/ rather47/ very
(1)quite 表示程度“很，十分，完全地”，“相當(dāng)”。如：
She is quite right.她對極了。
That's not quite what I want . 那并不完全是我所要的。
(2)rather 表示程度上的“相當(dāng)”，比預(yù)想地程度要大，通常用在不喜歡的情況下。如：It's rather cold today.今天的天氣相當(dāng)冷。
(3)very表示程度“很，甚，極其，非常”，用于修飾形容詞或副詞，既可用在喜歡的情況下，也可用于不喜歡的情況下。應(yīng)注意“a very +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，"a"應(yīng)置于"very"之前，該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)“quite a/an +形容詞+名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
Two months is quite a long time. / a very long time. 兩個(gè)月是一段很長的時(shí)間。
It's a very nice day / quite a nice day. 今天天氣很好。
【考點(diǎn)掃描】
中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：
1. 不定代詞/副詞的運(yùn)用;
2. 反身代詞的用法;
3. 并列句;
4. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級;
5. 冠詞的用法;
6. 動詞的過去進(jìn)行時(shí);
7. 本單元學(xué)過的詞匯、短語和句型;
8. 本單元學(xué)過的日常交際用語。
考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。
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初二英語知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)
