新托?？荚嚊_刺試題匯總
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托?？荚嚊_刺：語法試題及答案詳解(1)
1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.
A. in disease
B. that disease
C. of disease
D. about disease
答案：B
分析：動詞believe 的用法：直接加that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這里that為連接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
參考譯文：大多數(shù)殖民時期的醫(yī)生認為疾病來源人體內(nèi)不平衡的體液。
2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
A. she was the first woman to conduct
B. the first woman conductor
C. the woman was first conducting
D. the woman conducts first
答案：B
分析：缺賓語，答案中只有B，D可以作賓語，但D的語序不對。
參考譯文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成為在第一個在紐約Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
補充： ?？?the first/second/… one to do sth
3. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.
A. the first African American
B. the first African American was
C. she was the first African American
D. when the first African American
答案：A
分析：缺賓語，C， D都不能作賓語。一句話中只能有一個謂語，而B中有was，句中出現(xiàn)兩個謂語，一定錯。
參考譯文：1955年1月7號，Marian Anderson成為在第一個在紐約Metropolitan Opera House擔(dān)任主唱的美籍黑人。
4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
A. and accelerated a phenomenon
B. a phenomenon that accelerated
C. accelerating a phenomenon which，
D. the acceleration of which phenomenon
答案：B
分析：考的是同位語結(jié)構(gòu)，a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位語。A中and為conj.，后面應(yīng)該連接一個完整的句子，但缺主語，錯;C中語序混亂，錯; D中of which作為介詞賓語，后面應(yīng)該接一個完整句，但只有一個phenomenon主語，句子不完整，錯。
參考譯文：可能戰(zhàn)后最重大的趨勢就是美國城市的分散化，當大規(guī)模高速公路建設(shè)項目容許了更大程度的發(fā)展郊區(qū)，這個現(xiàn)象更被促進了。
補充： accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接賓語
5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.
A. he became
B. when becoming
C. became
D. did he become
答案：A
分析：before為狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞conj，后面一般引導(dǎo)一個完整的句子。B同時出現(xiàn)兩個狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞，錯;C缺主語;D應(yīng)該為正常語序，選項中使用了倒裝句式，錯。
參考譯文：里根在成為美國總統(tǒng)之前連續(xù)兩屆擔(dān)任加州的州長。
6. _________， domesticated grapes grow in clusters， range in color from pale green to black， and contain sugar in varying quantities.
A. Their botanical classification as berries
B. Although their botanical classification as berries
C. Because berries being their botanical classification
D. Classified botanically as berries
答案：D
分析：句子的主語是grapes ， 后面是平行結(jié)構(gòu)grow…， range…， and contain…?？崭窈蟮木渥右淹暾?，那么空格處就應(yīng)該是同位語，狀語從句，分詞等修飾成分。A中Their指代不明，而且classification和berries也不相符，錯;B中Although為conj.，后面應(yīng)該是完整句，錯;C中Because為conj.，后面應(yīng)該是完整句，錯。
參考譯文：培植的葡萄的植物分類跟漿果是一樣的，它們成串的長在樹上，顏色從灰白色到黑色，并且包含由不同數(shù)量的糖份。
7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.
A. a basic instrument
B. basic instrument
C. how basic an instrument it is
D. as an instrument is basic
答案：A
分析：instrument可數(shù)，前面應(yīng)該有限定詞a.and前為一簡單句。
參考譯文：鐃鈸在軍樂隊里是一個基本的樂器，而且還經(jīng)常在現(xiàn)代管弦樂里使用。
8. In instrumentalist philosophy， ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes： they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.
A. as they are
B. are they
C. there are
D. are
答案：A
分析：兩個謂語需要有一個conj.來連接。一個句子中出現(xiàn)2個謂語且沒有連接詞就一定錯。
參考譯文：在樂器演奏家的哲學(xué)里面，思想和知識是專有排外性的功能性的過程。他們的重要意義僅限于在經(jīng)驗發(fā)展的過程中，用于樂器演奏。
9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen， and most do both.
A. Working fire extinguishers
B. Fire extinguishers that work
C. Fire extinguishers work
D. The work of fire extinguishers
答案：C
分析：空格中缺主謂。A中沒有謂語;B中that多余，因為句中只有一個謂語;D也沒有謂語。
參考譯文：滅火器的通過冷卻或者減少火中的氧氣的方法工作的，大多數(shù)時候兩個方法都會用到。
10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.
A. to purchase their own automobiles
B. their own to purchase automobiles
C. to their own purchase automobiles
D. own their automobiles to purchase
答案：A
分析：為固定結(jié)構(gòu)enable sb to do sth.
參考譯文：規(guī)模生產(chǎn)方法的產(chǎn)生，使得人們能夠買自己的車，并獲得了空前的靈活性。
托?？荚嚊_刺：語法試題及答案詳解(2)
1. Frances Perkins， _________ of the United States cabinet， served in the cabinet as secretary of labor from 1933 to 1945.
A. the first female member
B. was the first female member
C. the first female member who
D. of whom the first female member
答案：A
分析：主語同位語結(jié)構(gòu)。B中多了一個謂語was，因為后面已經(jīng)有一個謂語動詞served， 一個句子中出現(xiàn)2個謂語且沒有連接詞就一定錯; C中who多余，用法也不正確;D中of whom多余，不是定語從句，考的是同位語結(jié)構(gòu)。
參考譯文：Frances Perkins，是美國內(nèi)閣的第一為女性成員，她從1933到1945年在內(nèi)閣擔(dān)任勞工部秘書。
2. When _________ to dough and heated， carbon dioxide is released， causing the dough to rise.
A. is added baking powder
B. added baking powder is
C. is baking powder added
D. baking powder is added
答案：D
分析：When為狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞;語序應(yīng)該為正常語序，A，C錯;B語序混亂，明顯應(yīng)該用被動形式，而且有固定結(jié)構(gòu)add to.
參考譯文：當把烘烤用粉加到面團里加熱的時候，會釋放出二氧化碳，使得面團漲開。
3. _________ the percentage of individuals with similar traits in succeeding generations， geneticists use the theory of probability.
A. The calculation of
B. To calculate
C. Is calculating
D. Calculated
答案：B
分析：to calculate，這里用不定式表示“目的”，前半句的邏輯主語是geneticists，只有B符合要求;A中只有主語，句子不完整。
參考譯文：遺傳學(xué)家運用概率的理論來計算在后代中擁有相似特點個體占有的百分比。
補充： 如同A的形式， 逗號前面就是一個名詞短語， 然而正確的句子里， 名詞短語要么作為主語的同位語， 要么本身是主語， 如11題。 否則就是脫離句子成分， 成為錯誤。
4. Big-band uaaz relies on fixed arrangements， where_______than one instrument playing some of the parts， rather than on improvisation.
A. is more
B. whenever more
C. there is more
D. more
答案：C
分析：where引導(dǎo)狀語從句，后面缺主謂。
參考譯文：大型樂隊爵士依賴于固定的安排，其中演奏相同部分音樂的樂器超過一個，而不是現(xiàn)聲發(fā)揮。
5. Because of _________ diversity， seven separate groupings or divisions of algae have been established by botanists.
A. them
B. so that
C. those
D. their
答案：D
分析：those是泛指，這里應(yīng)該用their來特指seven separate groupings or divisions of algae.
參考譯文：因為海藻們的不同特性，植物學(xué)家把他們分成7個不同的組別或分支。
6. Chromosomes are regarded today as the major carriers of genetic material， _________ of DNA and various types of protein.
A. consisting
B. as to consist
C. consist
D. which consisting
答案：A
分析：分詞作狀語。如果用consist的話，應(yīng)該用個conj.后面加個完整的句子。
參考譯文：染色體現(xiàn)今被認為是主要的遺傳物質(zhì)攜帶者，這些遺傳物質(zhì)由DNA和各種各樣的蛋白質(zhì)組成。
7. The leopard seal is the only pinniped _________ preys on penguins and other seals.
A. that normally
B. of which it normally
C. normally
D. that it normally
答案：A
分析：句中出現(xiàn)is和preys兩個謂語動詞，一定是個復(fù)合句;用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，pinniped為先行詞，that后為不完整句。
參考譯文：美洲虎海豹是僅有的捕食企鵝和其他海豹的鰭足類動物。
8. _________ “nova” means new， novas are actually stars that have existed for a long time and suddenly flare into brilliance.
A. That
B. Why
C. Although
D. It is
答案：C
分析：空格后有2個完整句，空格處需要一個conj.
參考譯文：盡管nova意味著新的，但其實新星們是存在了很久而突然閃耀出光輝的恒星。
9. Because Mars is farther from the Sun than _________， Mars takes longer to complete a revolution.
A. Earth is
B. is from Earth
C. what is Earth
D. is it Earth
答案：A
分析：比較結(jié)構(gòu)的對稱性：Mars is farther …… than Earth is，is后省略了from the Sun
參考譯文：因為火星比地球離太陽要遠，火星繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)一圈的時間要比地球長。
10. A social system is _________ of social relations that draws the behavior of its members toward the core values of the group.
A. a complex network
B. how a complex network
C. a complex network and
D. a network that is complex
答案：A
分析：缺賓語。B中的從句只有主語，句子不完整，錯;C中and作為連詞，后面缺謂語，錯;D錯，因為of前應(yīng)該為名詞。
參考譯文：社會系統(tǒng)就是一個社會關(guān)系的復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這個網(wǎng)絡(luò)里把成員的行為方式向核心價值觀靠攏。
托?？荚嚊_刺：語法試題及答案詳解(3)
1. While play is important at all levels of human development， _________ takes on particular significance when children are five and six years old.
A. it
B. and
C. which
D. because it
答案：A
分析：缺主語。it 在這里作為形式主語。
參考譯文：比賽對各個層次人的發(fā)展都是重要的，尤其是當小孩5、6歲大的時候，意義重大。
2. During the second and third years of life， children gain _________ over their bodies.
A. control increasing
B. increasing to control
C. control is increasing
D. increasing control
答案：D
分析：缺賓語，而且應(yīng)該是 adj.修飾名詞，只能選D.
參考譯文：在生長的第二第三年，小孩們對自己的身體控制能力增強了。
3. All brass instruments use a mouthpiece _________ into a long cone-shaped tube.
A. is inserted
B. that inserted
C. that is inserted
D. and inserted
答案：C
分析：that引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，mouthpiece為先行詞。A 出現(xiàn)兩個謂語動詞，錯;B，D應(yīng)該用被動;
參考譯文：所有的銅管樂器都用一個放在長錐筒形管里的吹嘴。
4. By the mid-twentieth century， United States presidential staffs， _________ had numbered fewer than ten a century earlier， numbered in the hundreds.
A. as
B. that they
C. which
D. and
答案：C
分析：非限制性定語從句，只有which能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句
參考譯文：到20時間中期，美國的總統(tǒng)部官員達到了幾百個，而在一個世紀前，還屈指可數(shù)呢。
5. In 1966 only 60 percent of all five year olds in the United States attended kindergarten， _________ in 1985 almost 82 percent did so.
A. with
B. which
C. whether
D. while
答案：D
分析：整個句子中出現(xiàn)了兩個謂語，缺連接詞。
參考譯文：在1966年，所有5歲的小孩中只有60%的參加了幼兒園，而到1985，幾乎有82%的小孩上幼兒園了。
6. _________ industries， inventions， and communal endeavors of the Shakers， the best known is their fine furniture.
A. Of the many
B. Their many
C. Are the many
D. Many of the
答案：A
分析：倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。當prep短語位于句首，且謂語動詞為系動詞時，則引起倒裝。
參考譯文：在基督震蕩教徒所參與很多工業(yè)、發(fā)明創(chuàng)造和社區(qū)建設(shè)中，最聞名的是他們做的優(yōu)質(zhì)家具了。
7. Most fishes and many reptiles have ribs along most of the spine， but in mammals _________ only in the chest area.
A. they are found
B. finding them
C. in which they are found
D. are found
答案：A
分析：缺主語和謂語。該句不是定語從句。
參考譯文：大多數(shù)魚類和很多爬行動物沿著大部分脊柱都長有肋骨，但哺乳動物的肋骨只長在胸部位置。
8. Although the habitat of the American beech tree is now confined to the eastern United States and southeastern Canada， _________ extended as far west as California.
A. where it once
B. once
C. it once
D. and once
答案：C
分析：缺主語。A，D中的where， and 多余。
參考譯文：盡管美國山毛櫸樹的生長地現(xiàn)在只限制在美東和加拿大東南部的狹窄地帶，它曾經(jīng)都延伸向西生長遠到加州的地方。
9. Most of North America receives _________ some form of continuous plant cover except in the arid and semiarid Southwest.
A. moisture to sustain sufficient
B. sufficient moisture to sustain
C. to sustain sufficient moisture
D. sufficient to sustain moisture
答案：B
分析：缺賓語。其中形容詞修飾名詞，不定式表“目的”。A，C，D語序混亂。
參考譯文：除了干旱和半干旱的西南地區(qū)，大部分北美地區(qū)通過吸收充足的潮濕而保持一些連續(xù)植被的形式。
托?？荚嚊_刺：語法試題及答案詳解(4)
1. The American clipper ship era was of duration short， extending from about 1845 to 1859.
答案：B
分析及考點：詞序的顛倒，應(yīng)該改成short duration.只有特殊情況修飾成分后置。
參考譯文：美國的剪帆船的時期經(jīng)歷時間很短，只有從1845到1859.
2. Crystals of pure quartz， usually called rock crystal， are coarseness， colorless， and transparent.
答案：D
分析及考點：平行對稱結(jié)構(gòu)，詞性不對稱，所以coarseness名詞應(yīng)改成coarse
參考譯文：純凈石英的結(jié)晶，通常稱為巖石水晶，是粗糙的，無色的，透明的。
3. Of 120 minerals known to have been used as gemstones， only about 25 are in common use in today jewelry.
答案：D
分析及考點：詞序的問題。應(yīng)該改成jewelry today.
參考譯文：在作為寶石使用的所知道的120種礦石中，只有25種是現(xiàn)在珠寶業(yè)通常使用的。
4. One of the thirteen original state of the United States， North Carolina lies on the Atlantic coast midway between New York and Florida.
答案：A
分析及考點：名詞單復(fù)數(shù)使用錯誤。應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)states.看到one of the.
參考譯文：北卡羅來那州是最初組成美國的13個州中的一個座落在大西洋岸邊，在紐約州和佛羅里達州的中間。
5. The various peoples who developed North America have made it a world leader economic .
答案：D
分析及考點：詞序的顛倒。改成economic leader
參考譯文：發(fā)展北美的多個民族把北美建設(shè)成了全世界的經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)袖。
6. The Milky Way is a flat spiral galaxy who contains an estimated 100 billion stars， including the Sun.
答案：B
分析及考點：定語從句連接詞的誤用，應(yīng)改為which
參考譯文：銀河系是一個扁平的螺旋星系，它包含有估計100億顆恒星，包括太陽。
7. The piano as it is known today represents a long series of experiments extend back to the year 1711， or perhaps even earlier.
答案：C
分析及考點：詞性誤用。應(yīng)該改成extending.
參考譯文：今天所知的鋼琴代表了一系列的實踐，一直可以追溯到1711，或者更早。
8. Climate is the primarily force that distinguishes one biome， or major terrestrial region， from another.
答案：B
分析及考點：詞性誤用，修飾名詞用形容詞，所以改成primary
參考譯文：氣候是一個主要的因素來區(qū)分生物群或者主要陸地相互之間的不同。
9. Prehistoric villagers tended to work harder， suffer from more diseases， and eat the poorer diet than nomadic hunters did.
答案：D
分析及考點：冠詞誤用。比較級前不用加定冠詞the，直接用poorer diet就行
參考譯文：史前的村民們傾向于努力工作，防除疾病，和吃比游牧的獵人少的食物。
10. A major Canadian city， Montreal is second only to Paris as the most largest French-speaking city in the world.
答案：D
分析及考點：最高級表述有誤。Largest已經(jīng)是最高級了，前面不用再加most
參考譯文：加拿大主要的城市蒙特利爾，是世界上僅次于巴黎的第二最大法語城市。
托?？荚嚊_刺：語法試題及答案詳解(5)
1. As sweeteners， there is very small difference between honey and sucrose， although the former does contain minimal quantities of vitamins， minerals， and amino acids.
答案：B
分析及考點：形容詞誤用。修飾不可數(shù)名詞表示小的形容詞，應(yīng)該用little.
參考譯文：作為甜料，蜂蜜和蔗糖之間的差別很細微。盡管前者確實包含有少量的維他命、礦物質(zhì)和氨基酸。
2. Cultivated for salad since ancient times， lettuce is harvesting before its flower stem shoots up to bear its small yellow flowers.
答案：B
分析及考點：動詞形式的誤用。應(yīng)該用被動形式，harvested
參考譯文：從古代就種植用于色拉食用，生菜在它花莖生出去支持它的小黃花之前就被收割了。
3. Phonological structure encodes speak sounds as a sequence of vocal tract configurations —— successive positions of the larynx， jaw， lips， tongue， and velum.
答案：A
分析及考點：單詞形式的誤用。修飾名詞要用形容詞，所以改成它的形容詞形式spoken
參考譯文：聲音體系的結(jié)構(gòu)，是把發(fā)聲聲音作為一系列聲道的構(gòu)造來編碼，這些構(gòu)造取自于喉、下顎、唇、舌頭和小舌頭的連續(xù)的位置。
4. The steamship contributed of the development of fast news-gathering during the nineteenth century.
答案：B
分析及考點：介詞誤用。Contribute to固定搭配。
參考譯文：在19世紀，汽船對快速的信息收集過程的發(fā)展做出了貢獻。
5. The 1880's saw not only the creation of the curtain wall and wind-braced iron frame also the architectural mastery of these structural devices.
答案：B
分析及考點：連詞的固定搭配，not only….but also.
參考譯文：1880年的人，不僅僅看到了窗簾幕墻和抗風(fēng)支撐的鐵架結(jié)構(gòu)窗的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，而且也看到了這些結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計在建筑上的運用。
6. A century ago， women made quilts only not to keep their families warm but also to express their artistic abilities.
答案：C
分析及考點：連詞固定搭配，not only…but also…
參考譯文：一個世紀以前，女性縫制被子不僅是為了家人保暖，也是想表現(xiàn)她們的藝術(shù)能力。
7. The building knew as the Capitol is situated on Capitol Hill in Washington， D.C.， and it houses the legislative branch of the United States government.
答案：A
分析及考點：詞性誤用。定語從句省略結(jié)構(gòu)修飾the building，所以改成known as.
參考譯文：眾所周知的國會大廈座落在華盛頓的國會山，它包含了美國政府的立法機構(gòu)。
8. A person or business with more debts than assets for meeting debt payment may to declare legal bankruptcy.
答案：D
分析及考點：情態(tài)動詞使用，直接跟動詞原形，所以把to去掉，may declare.
參考譯文：個人或企業(yè)在債務(wù)支付過程中，如果資產(chǎn)不抵債務(wù)的時候，可以宣布合法破產(chǎn)。
9. The first stethoscope——the kind of instrument what has come to symbolize medicine around the world ——was constructed in 1816.
答案：B
分析及考點：定語從句連接詞誤用。改成which.
參考譯文：聽診器，成為全球醫(yī)學(xué)的象征的儀器，最早是在1816年建造的。
pumpkin補充： 改成that可能好些??
10. It is said that no potential frontier has such fired the imagination or challenged the ingenuity of humankind as has space.
答案：B
分析及考點：難?？嫉氖莝o……as結(jié)構(gòu)，such是形容詞不能修飾動詞，而so是副詞可以。
參考譯文：據(jù)說沒有其他潛在的新領(lǐng)域能夠像太空這樣激發(fā)人類的想象力，對人類的聰明才智提出挑戰(zhàn)。
11. The Congress of the United States can initiate legislation and significantly amend or rejection Presidential legislative proposals.
答案：C
分析及考點：or連接的平行對稱結(jié)構(gòu)中，amend是動詞，所以這里應(yīng)該改成reject
參考譯文：美國國會能夠頒布法令，并最大程度的修正或否決總統(tǒng)的立法提案。
12. Through his paintings， Edward Hopper depicted the isolation， lonely， and lack of variety of the daily life of small-town America.
答案：B
分析及考點：詞性的變換。and連接的平行對稱結(jié)構(gòu)中，都是名詞，所以這里應(yīng)改成loneliness
參考譯文：Edward Hopper通過他的畫，描述了小鎮(zhèn)化美國的孤立，孤獨和平淡。
13. The chief editorial concern in magazine publishing is presenting a mix of news， information， and entertain， all targeted at the audience the magazine seeks to reach.
答案：C
分析及考點：and連接的平行對稱結(jié)構(gòu)中，都是名詞，或不可數(shù)單數(shù)，或可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)，所以改成entertainment
參考譯文：雜志發(fā)行中主要的編輯問題是把所有面向雜志所要吸引的觀眾的新聞、信息和娛樂混合在一起表現(xiàn)出來。
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