GRE閱讀考試不僅需要考生本身具備熟練的解題技巧和對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的應(yīng)對(duì)能力，提升閱讀速度也是重要環(huán)節(jié)。而這一點(diǎn)恰恰是不少速成派考生所欠缺的。不過(guò)閱讀速度提不上來(lái)也有補(bǔ)救辦法那就是看小編新發(fā)布的2020年1月19日考前精準(zhǔn)預(yù)測(cè)長(zhǎng)閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)!

　　2020年1月19日GRE閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)權(quán)威匯總 應(yīng)對(duì)長(zhǎng)閱讀難題要這么做

　　長(zhǎng)篇閱讀

　　In 1995 the Galileo spacecraft captured data about Jupiter's atmosphere--namely, the absence of most of the predicted atmospheric water--that challenged prevailing theories about Jupiter's structure. The unexpectedness of this finding fits a larger pattern in which theories about planetary composition and dynamics have failed to predict the realities discovered through space exploration. Instead of "normal planets" whose composition could be predicted by theory, the planets populating our solar system are unique individuals whose chemical and tectonic identities were created through numerous contingent events. One implication of this is that although the universe undoubtedly holds other planetary systems, the duplication of the sequence that produced our solar system and the development of life on Earth is highly unlikely.

　　Recently planetary scientists have suggested that the external preconditions for the development of Earth's biosphere probably included four paramount contingencies. First, a climate conducive to life on Earth depends upon the extraordinarily narrow orbital parameters that define a continuously habitable zone where water can exist in a liquid state. If Earth's orbit were only 5 percent smaller than it is, temperatures during the early stages of Earth's history would have been high enough to vaporize the oceans. If the Earth-Sun distance were as little as 1 percent larger, run away glaciations on Earth about 2 billion years ago would have caused the oceans to freeze and remain frozen to this day.

　　Second, Jupiter's enormous mass prevents most Sun-bound comets from penetrating the inner solar system. It has been estimated that without this shield, Earth would have experienced bombardment by comet-sized impactors a thousand times more frequently than has actually been recorded during geological time. Even if Earth's surface were not actually sterilized by this bombardment, it is unlikely that any but the most primitive life-forms could have survived. This suggests that only planetary systems containing both terrestrial planets like Earth and gas giants like Jupiter might be capable of sustaining complex life-forms.

　　Third, the gravitational shield of the giant outer planets, while highly efficient, must occasionally fail to protect Earth. Paradoxically, while the temperatures required for liquid water exist only in the inner solar system, the key building blocks of life, including water itself, occur primarily beyond the asteroid belt. Thus the evolution of life has depended on a frequency of cometary impacts sufficient to convey water, as well as carbon and nitrogen, from these distant regions of the solar system to Earth while stopping short of an impact magnitude that would destroy the atmosphere and oceans.

　　Finally, Earth's unique and massive satellite, the Moon, plays a crucial role in stabilizing the obliquity of Earth's rotational axis. This obliquity creates the terrestrial seasonality so important to the evolution and diversity of life. Mars, in contrast, has wildly oscillating tilt and chaotic seasonality, while Venus, rotating slowly backward, has virtually no seasonality at all.

　　1. The passage is primarily concerned with

　　A. Enumerating conditions that may have been necessary for a particular development

　　B. Outlining the conditions under which scientists may be able to predict certain events

　　C. Explaining how a particular finding affected scientists ' understanding of a phenomenon

　　D. Suggesting reasons why a particular outcome was more likely to occur than other possible outcomes

　　E. Assessing the relative significance of factors that contributed to a particular occurrence

　　答案：C

　　解析：

　　根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容，可知推出了一個(gè)finding，后面都是具體介紹這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)的，所以圍繞的中心是C。

　　2. It can be inferred from the passage that the "planetary scientists" would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements concerning the development of complex life forms on Earth?

　　A. It might have occurred earlier in Earth's history if cometary impacts had been less frequent than they were.

　　B. It could have occurred if Earth's orbit were 1 percent larger than it is but not if Earth's orbit were 5 percent smaller.

　　C. It probably follows a pattern common on other terrestrial planets that occupy planetary systems containing gas giants.

　　D. Its dependence on the effect that Jupiter's gravitational shield has on Earth was difficult to recognize prior to 1995.

　　E. It has been contingent on conditions elsewhere in Earth's solar system as well as on conditions on Earth itself.

　　答案：E

　　解析：

　　題干問(wèn)planetary scientists 最有可能同意哪個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，而且是與the development of complex life forms on Earth有關(guān)，定位至第二段開(kāi)頭處開(kāi)始閱讀，運(yùn)用排除法得出答案。

　　3. The author of the passage most likely mentions Mars' "oscillating tilt" primarily in order to

　　A. Provide evidence for a proposition about the potential effects of cometary impacts

　　B. Emphasize the absence from our solar system of "normal planets"

　　C. Contrast the rotational axis of Mars with that of Venus

　　D. Characterize the role of other planets in the solar system in earth's development

　　E. Emphasize the importance of the Moon to the development of life on Earth

　　答案：C

　　解析：

　　題干問(wèn)為何提及Mars會(huì)震蕩傾斜，定位至最后一段會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)后文提及了Venus與Mars是相反的，因此答案選C。

　　GRE邏輯機(jī)經(jīng)提分先看 調(diào)整邏輯思路刷機(jī)經(jīng)更有效

　　邏輯閱讀

　　Upon maturity, monarch butterflies travel hundreds of miles from their places of origin and lay their eggs on milkweed. The caterpillars that emerge feed on milkweed and absorb the glycosides in milkweed sap. The specific glycosides present in milkweed differ from region to region within the monarch butterfly’s range. Mature butterflies retain the glycosides in a mature monarch butterfly could be used to determine its place of origin.

　　Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

　　A. Mature monarch butterflies do not feed on parts of milkweed that contain glycosides.

　　B. The glycosides in milkweed sap are slightly toxic to caterpillars of other species.

　　C. The vast majority of the monarch butterflies that are laying eggs in a given region will have traveled there from a single region.

　　D. There are substances other than glycosides in milkweed sap that accumulate in a monarch caterpillar and are retained in the body of the mature butterfly.

　　E. There are certain glycosides that are found in the sap of all milkweeds, no matter where they grow within the monarch butterfly’s range.

　　答案：C

　　只有C選項(xiàng)是加強(qiáng)了上文的論點(diǎn)。A削弱 B無(wú)關(guān) D削弱 E削弱

　　GRE閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)整理 短閱讀提升正確率看過(guò)來(lái)

　　短篇閱讀

　　Biologists have long debated about whether egg production in birds is biologically highly costly, some theorizing that egg production is energetically or nutritionally demanding. Lack, however, suggested that clutch size--the number of eggs a bird lays per breeding cycle-- is far below the potential limit of egg production. He suggested that clutch size had instead evolved in relation to the number of young that the parents could successfully rear. Subsequently, most studies focused on limitations operating during chick rearing, particularly among altricial species (species in which the parents feed their young in the nest). Lack later recognized that in precocial species (species in which young feed themselves), clutch size might be explained by different factors -- the availability of food for egg-laying females, for example.

　　1. The passage suggests that biologists who say egg production in birds is biologically highly costly would agree that clutch size is determined primarily by

　　A. The nutritional and energy demands of egg production.

　　B. The number of young that the parents can rear successfully.

　　C. Reproductive limitations operating during chick rearing.

　　D. The availability of food for newly hatched chicks.

　　E. The differences between altricial and precocial species.

　　參考答案：A. 參考第一句話。

　　2. Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

　　The passage suggests that Lack would agree with which of the following statements about factors affecting clutch size in birds?

　　A. In altricial species, clutch size is determined primarily by factors operating after eggs are laid.

　　B. In precocial species, clutch size is determined primarily by factors operating after eggs are laid.

　　C. In many bird species, clutch size generally remains well below the potential limit of egg production.

　　參考答案： A C.

　　參考第二句話，與選項(xiàng)C對(duì)應(yīng)。第四句與A對(duì)應(yīng)。

　　GRE閱讀長(zhǎng)難句解答對(duì)策分享 分析思路找到答案3個(gè)步驟講解

　　新GRE閱讀長(zhǎng)難句例題

　　Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms of law---notwithstanding, of course, a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positive enactment are concerned---that its study is indispensable in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena。

　　新GRE閱讀長(zhǎng)難句解析

　　初步讀完這句話我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)句子的難句類型是：復(fù)雜修飾+插入語(yǔ)+抽象詞，其中插入語(yǔ)是理解這個(gè)句子的關(guān)鍵。

　　(1)Islamic law (2)is a (3)phenomenon (4)so different from all other forms of law---notwithstanding, of course,(5)(it has) (6)a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them /(7)as far as subject matter and positive enactment are concerned/---(8)that its study is indispensable (9)in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena。

　　對(duì)句子標(biāo)記后我們可以逐一分析各個(gè)成分：

　　Step1：找主謂

　　1. 不難發(fā)現(xiàn)整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)就是Islamic law，即伊斯蘭法

　　2. is為整個(gè)句子的謂語(yǔ)

　　3. phenomenon作為整個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)

　　從1、2、3我們可以分析出：

　　1+2+3=句子的主干：伊斯蘭的法律是一個(gè)法律現(xiàn)象：Islamic law is a phenomenon

　　Step2：分析句子中的插入語(yǔ)

　　4. 我們需要注意的是notwithstanding這個(gè)詞，句子中的插入語(yǔ)之所以比較難懂的主要一個(gè)原因在于對(duì)notwithstanding的理解，notwithstanding作為介詞，相當(dāng)于in spite of(不管，不顧，盡管)，這對(duì)于大多數(shù)考生來(lái)說(shuō)是陌生的。

　　5. 這里加上省略的it has使得句子更加清楚易懂

　　6. 這一部分是對(duì)主語(yǔ)Islamic law的解釋說(shuō)明，即“伊斯蘭法與其他的某些法律存在著大量的和必然的一致之處。

　　7. as far as表示“至于，就.。.而言”

　　8. 整句話中貫穿了so...that句型

　　9. in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena。這句話中包含一個(gè)倒裝，正常語(yǔ)序的appreciate the full range of possible legal phenomena adequately中的副詞adequately被提到appreciate的賓語(yǔ)之前。

　　Step3：對(duì)整句話有個(gè)大概的中文翻譯的印象

　　譯文：

　　伊斯蘭法是一個(gè)與其他所有形式的法律都如此之不同的法律現(xiàn)象---盡管，當(dāng)然，/從其涉及的內(nèi)容和實(shí)際實(shí)施的角度來(lái)看/，伊斯蘭法與其他的某些法律存在著大量的和必然的一致之處---以至于對(duì)于它的研究是不可缺少的，這樣才能充分地理解所有可能的法律現(xiàn)象的全部范圍。

　　新GRE閱讀長(zhǎng)難句結(jié)

　　從分析結(jié)果來(lái)看插入語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容對(duì)理解文章基本沒(méi)有什么作用，其實(shí)這句話中的插入語(yǔ)根本不用讀，也可以根據(jù)插入語(yǔ)前后的內(nèi)容猜出其意思：插入語(yǔ)前后的內(nèi)容是伊斯蘭法與其他法律不同，插入部分以notwithstanding開(kāi)頭，又有of course，可見(jiàn)插入部分一定是讓步語(yǔ)氣，因此可以對(duì)前后的內(nèi)容取非，猜出插入部分一定是在說(shuō)伊斯蘭法與其他法律有相同之處。所以，如果遇到很長(zhǎng)的插入語(yǔ)最好跳過(guò)，看懂前后的內(nèi)容再回頭來(lái)看插入語(yǔ)。

2020年1月19日GRE閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)權(quán)威匯總 應(yīng)對(duì)長(zhǎng)閱讀難題要這么做相關(guān)文章：