全面解析托福寫作的基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)建過程
托福寫作是對考生能力進(jìn)行全面考察的一個項目，考生想取得理想成績，做好托福寫作的基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)建過程很重要。下面學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家?guī)砣娼馕鐾懈懽鞯幕A(chǔ)構(gòu)建過程一文，希望對大家托福備考有所幫助。
全面解析托福寫作的基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)建過程
托福寫作是個搭建的過程，邏輯如同框架固然重要，但用什么來填充框架同樣是不能忽視的問題。
其實(shí)對很多中國考生來說，寫作實(shí)際上是個翻譯過程，如何把思想中的中文轉(zhuǎn)化成現(xiàn)實(shí)中的英文是基礎(chǔ)寫作最關(guān)心的問題，也是學(xué)生們首要應(yīng)該解決的問題。而學(xué)生們只有把高質(zhì)量的基礎(chǔ)磚瓦填充到精心設(shè)計的邏輯框架中，才能搭建成最終的高分作文。在寫作的過程中，考生們經(jīng)常會在腦中形成這樣的句式：大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為父母是孩子最好的老師。當(dāng)把這樣的句式轉(zhuǎn)化為英文時，多數(shù)考生們會機(jī)械的翻譯成：Most people think parents are the best teachers for the children. 從語法角度來看，這個翻譯并沒什么錯誤。但是這個句子的質(zhì)量并不能達(dá)到考試的要求，因為這只是一個主+謂+賓語從句的簡單結(jié)構(gòu)。背過所謂模板句式的考生可能把上述的句式翻譯為：Most people hold the view that parents are the best teachers for their children. 這么寫的目的是什么?即經(jīng)過基礎(chǔ)的寫作訓(xùn)練后，同學(xué)們就會了解這是一個 主+謂+賓+同位語從句的表達(dá)。知其所以然以后，再也不用背所謂的模板，考生們也能寫出相對復(fù)雜的句式了，從而提高了句子的質(zhì)量。當(dāng)然，僅這一步的提升還不夠，經(jīng)過6節(jié)課的基礎(chǔ)寫作學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生們會認(rèn)識到，以上兩種英文表達(dá)都不是最好的，因為它們都不太符合英文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。真正能夠有力地表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)或陳述事實(shí)的英文應(yīng)該是：It is widely accepted that parents are the best teachers for their children.
托福寫作：“定義法”三步快速解決寫作開頭難
對于開頭部分的構(gòu)思，很多同學(xué)首先會想到模版。模版會提供現(xiàn)成的思路甚至套句，我們直接將自己的觀點(diǎn)帶入即可。比如：
模版開頭一
when it comes to the topic that…, opinions of the public are of great variety. Admittedly, some people would claim that….. However, I still insist that… My reasons will be listed as follows.
又比如在涉及到A和B兩個對象的影響類的題目里，常見模版開頭二：
Nowadays, the influence of A on B is a matter for debate for a long time. some people claim that… However, I disagree with them. In my viewpoint, … and the following is my reasons.
模版可以用，但是不建議同學(xué)們拿到題目就直接帶入模版，一來語言會顯得呆板，二來托福官方對模版的態(tài)度為“不扣分，不加分”，因此模版對于想要高分的同學(xué)學(xué)來說并沒有太大優(yōu)勢。所以還是希望同學(xué)們看到話題之后可以進(jìn)行一定獨(dú)立思考。今天我們一起看下常見的開頭破冰法之一：定義法引入。
所謂“定義法”，就是下定義，對題目中的某些名詞或概念進(jìn)行解釋，比如題目所涉及的success, responsibility, independence,social skills，part-time jobs等，我們可以直接解釋這些概念是什么，或者大家對這些事物的看法等，還有可能涉及到重要性或者其影響等詞，比如importance, benefits, advantageous,exert positive/negative influence on，一般一句話帶過即可。下面我們結(jié)合具體題目帶入“定義法引入”的具體應(yīng)用。
例如：
D/A: One ofthe best ways that parents can help their teenager children prepare for adult life is to encourage them to take a part-time job.
在這個題目中，所涉及到的名詞有parents, teenager children, adult life, 和a part-time job四個名詞及詞組，也就是說這個題目我們可以從四個角度進(jìn)行開頭段的構(gòu)思。但我們應(yīng)該優(yōu)先從最好把握的入手。不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，a part-time job屬于話題的關(guān)鍵詞眼，所以[第一步]我們可以直接針對a part-timejob進(jìn)行解釋，比如Part-time jobs, which act as a warm-up for the future career, can provide children with a general image of the society. 或者Part-time jobs is of great importance in helping children better understand the society they are live in.定義法解釋過之后，[第二步]我們要引出題目中的其它對象，最后第三步引出自己立場。比如上邊緊接著a part-time job 這一句可以For most parents, it is really an ideal choice to help their children prepare for adult life.[第三步]在點(diǎn)明觀點(diǎn)時，我們可以緊接著提出，Thus I agree with the opinion in the statement.甚至最后可以加一句，比如：my reasons will be detailed as follows. 或者my reasons are as follows.
這時我們的開頭段已經(jīng)基本搞定：
Part-time jobs, which act as a warm-up for the future career, can provide children with ageneral image of the society.For most parents, it is really an ideal choice to help their children prepare for adult life.Thus I agree with the opinion in the statement. My reasons will be detailed as follows.
這個題目還涉及到其它三個對象，也就是說，我們還可以根據(jù)上邊定義法的思路以其它三種方式引出該話題，見下文供大家參考:
Parents:
Parents, as the most essential guide in our life, love us so much that they always want a fast and steady development of us. Thus, many parents suggest their children to work on a part-time job, which acts as a warm-up for their future career. From where I stand, I agree with the suggestion to take on a part-time job during teenage period. My reasons are listed as follows.
Teenage children:
Teenage is the most crucial period in one’s life, for it is a fast developing stage both in physical and mental aspects. That is why parents are urged to figure out the most efficient way for their children to keep up with the quick development. Working on a part-time job is considered one of the best solutions for many parents. From where I stand, I agree with the suggestion to take on apart-time job during teenage period. My reasons are listed as follows.
Adult life:
Many teenagers are looking forward to the adult life while the other are reluctant to grow up. However, growing up is an inevitable process/stage in one’s life. Part-time job, which acts as a warm-up for the future career, gives children a general image of the society.From where I stand, I agree with the suggestion to take on a part-time job during teenage period. My reasons are listed as follows.
我們還可以以同樣的方法帶入其它題目，比如D/A: People should have hobbies and do physical activities that are very different from work.
這個題目所涉及名詞有work和hobbies and physical activities，我們就以work為切入點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行定義，然后引出開頭段。比如：
For most people, work takes a massive part of our whole lives. We go to school to prepare for a career, work through our best years, and eventually, after retirement, live off of pension generated from the job. However, other than the monetary part, our hobbies and physical activities might benefit us more if they were different from our jobs.
這個開頭寫法相對比較靈活，并沒有受原題目的限制，巧妙的引出了自己立場。值得大家參考。
丨Tips：
1. 在對題目中所涉及的名詞對象下定義時，建議大家從具體名詞入手，盡量避開抽象名詞，以降低自己構(gòu)思難度。
2. 一般情況下，開頭部分篇幅長度為40-60字即可。我們的寫作還是要以理由段的論述為主，所以建議同學(xué)們不要浪費(fèi)太多時間在開頭部分。
托福范文分析：要不要交不同的朋友
Some people choose friends who are different from themselves. Others choose friends who are similar to themselves. Compare the advantages of having friends who are different from you with the advantages of having friends who are similar to you. Which kind of friend do you prefer for yourself? Why?
Choosing friends that are either similar or different from one self can be a difficult task. Friends that share many similarities can offer a common purpose and way of life that is reassuring. Friends who are vastly different, on the other hand, may challenge and expand one’s mind, opening new vistas of thought where there were none before. Despite powerful arguments for both sides, I prefer friends who are different from me.
First of all, choosing friends who are different from me allows me to learn from others. For example, I have a dear friend, who, although not academically inclined like myself, is a master with technology. He works with television news stations preparing their broadcasts for dissemination to the public. I, on the other hand, am technologically challenged. Despite my technological weakness, my friend has taken me under his wing and showed me some “tricks of the trade” in sound and video editing that I would have never learned otherwise. Although I will never be able to match my friend’s expertise at mastering technological innovations, without becoming friends with someone who has a disparate skill set than my own, I would have never learned about the work that goes into producing a television broadcast.
Secondly, choosing friends that are different has challenged me to reassess my own world-view. My best friend growing up in the United States was a recent immigrant from South Korea. His family was a traditional Korean family, espousing communal values over individualistic ones, and promoting tradition and respect before innovation. Being American, however, I was raised with an individualistic attitude toward most aspects of life. Rather than ask for help, I would often struggle to overcome the challenge myself. Spending time in my Korean friend’s home made me ponder the opposing world views of “communalism” and “individualism”. I eventually came to the conclusion that incorporating a bit of each perspective in my life would provide me with the greatest balance. However, without becoming friends with someone from a different culture and mindset, I would have never had to confront my own way of viewing the world, and I would be the poorer for it.
In conclusion, I prefer choosing friends that are dissimilar from myself. Having such friends has allowed me to learn from the skills that they have that I do not share. In addition, choosing friends who are different from me has helped me realize that opposing approaches to viewing and interacting in the world can be blended into a harmonious, personal world view. Friends are vital to life. Having friends that are diverse is both a challenge and a joy, two factors that help provide a rich and rewarding life.
托福范文分析：要不要做喜歡做的事
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should sometimes do things that they do not enjoy doing. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
It is only natural that we do things that we enjoy doing. However, doing things that we hate to do is a basic component of life. I agree that people occasionally have to do things that they dislike doing. There are a great number of things that we should do but hate to do. Moreover, by doing things we hate to do first, sometimes we learn to like them.
In their personal lives, people sometimes have to accomplish tasks that they dislike doing. Who enjoys visiting a doctor, for example? We do this, however, because it is essential to taking care of our health. I do not know many people who enjoy doing household chores. But we do them because we need to maintain an orderly family life.
In their professional lives, people occasionally have to finish tasks that are not fun, but that are essential components of their jobs. Few people like to work with someone who no one else likes. But if the person is a representative of our business partner, we may have to work with the person. If we are teachers, we may sometimes have to discipline students in class, for example. by asking them to turn off their cellular phones and publishing some policy regarding similar behavior. Teachers may feel reluctant to do so, but this is part of their professional responsibilities.
Moreover, sometimes something that we hate to do turns into something enjoyable. Just by trying it, we may begin to enjoy doing it. For example, students may dislike learning some subjects at first. They have to learn them in order to graduate. Yet, somehow, they begin to enjoy learning them after some time. This also applies to other situations where people try new things.
Not everything in life in life is enjoyable. Unpleasant tasks are an essential component of life. We do not enjoy them, but we accomplish them anyway. Unexpectedly, we sometimes lead to enjoyment.
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