托福聽(tīng)力對(duì)話五大出題原則
考生在備考托福聽(tīng)力時(shí)要有大量的練習(xí),對(duì)于托福聽(tīng)力對(duì)話,考生要在練習(xí)中總結(jié)出題點(diǎn)。為大家?guī)?lái)托福聽(tīng)力對(duì)話的五個(gè)出題原則,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
托福聽(tīng)力對(duì)話五大出題原則
第一點(diǎn):掐頭去尾原則。在聽(tīng)力對(duì)話中,一般會(huì)在開(kāi)頭前幾句表明學(xué)生的意圖,這里是一定會(huì)考目的題,需著重聽(tīng)。近期考試有的時(shí)候教授會(huì)跟學(xué)生先聊一些別的事情,比如在TPO中有一道題就是教授恭喜學(xué)生獲得一個(gè)獎(jiǎng),然后學(xué)生表示感謝,這里大概講了幾句話,然后教授問(wèn)學(xué)生今天的來(lái)意是什么,需要值得注意的事,之前寒暄的幾句話雖然不能成為主旨題的答案,但也會(huì)出一個(gè)考題。在結(jié)尾部分,一般教授會(huì)給出學(xué)生一個(gè)最終建議,或者解決方案。這樣最后一個(gè)題也很有可能會(huì)問(wèn)這個(gè)問(wèn)題是怎么解決的,或者教授給出了怎樣的建議。
第二點(diǎn):大段獨(dú)白出題原則。當(dāng)某人連續(xù)3-5句獨(dú)白的時(shí)候一定要仔細(xì)聽(tīng),因?yàn)榧热换诉@么長(zhǎng)的篇幅去講一件事,那么這件事一定非常重要,是非常容易出題的。而因?yàn)閷?duì)話部分的語(yǔ)序比較快,完全記下來(lái)根本不可能,這個(gè)時(shí)候要集中聽(tīng),聽(tīng)懂大概意思就可以了。在聽(tīng)懂的情況下可以補(bǔ)記幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞。
第三點(diǎn):建議及意見(jiàn)出題原則。教師及職員提出建議或意見(jiàn),常在對(duì)話的中后方出現(xiàn),因?yàn)榍捌诮處煻荚趦A聽(tīng)學(xué)生闡述問(wèn)題。這里需要注意的是通常在面臨學(xué)生遇到問(wèn)題的情況下,教授可能會(huì)先提出一個(gè)建議,然后被學(xué)生否認(rèn),接著教授又會(huì)提出其他建議,直到被接受為止。這個(gè)時(shí)候需要注意的是,之前提出的建議并不是最終最好的建議。
第四點(diǎn):對(duì)話糾結(jié)處出題原則。關(guān)于某一問(wèn)題連續(xù)的2-3輪討論的時(shí)候一般會(huì)出題。教授提出一個(gè)建議,被學(xué)生否定,然后又會(huì)提出建議,接著學(xué)生又會(huì)說(shuō)這個(gè)建議會(huì)產(chǎn)生不好的后果,之后再提出建議,這個(gè)時(shí)候有可能會(huì)問(wèn):第一個(gè)建議被否定的原因是什么。
第五點(diǎn):特殊語(yǔ)氣處出題原則。當(dāng)對(duì)話中兩人的語(yǔ)氣是:吃驚、懊惱、否定、轉(zhuǎn)折、疑惑、強(qiáng)調(diào)的時(shí)候要引起注意,作者一般會(huì)問(wèn)為什么文中的人會(huì)對(duì)這件事情感到吃驚、懊惱等等。
托福聽(tīng)力長(zhǎng)段子精聽(tīng)如何練習(xí)
第一階段:聽(tīng)抄至少3篇。一句一句地聽(tīng),把句子完整地寫下來(lái)。不會(huì)拼寫的寫下大致的拼法就行。一句話最多放音不超過(guò)三遍,即使沒(méi)有寫下來(lái),也不要再回頭去聽(tīng)。
第二階段:聽(tīng)大意至少五篇。以兩至三句句子為一個(gè)單位,一個(gè)單位一聽(tīng)。然后寫下這兩、三句話的大意。不需要再像第一階段一樣寫下每個(gè)單詞。
這個(gè)階段練習(xí)的是概括能力。托福長(zhǎng)段子的長(zhǎng)度決定了它的題目數(shù)量,一般來(lái)說(shuō)4~5題配上這點(diǎn)長(zhǎng)度(200個(gè)詞左右),每2~3句話必出一道題才能出夠題目數(shù)量。
第三階段:聽(tīng)全文至少5篇。聽(tīng)好之后總結(jié)下文章的key point。然后看自己聽(tīng)到的與問(wèn)題所涉及到的句子是否一致。一致就說(shuō)明你聽(tīng)到點(diǎn)子上了。那么其他的話就算有沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂的也無(wú)所謂了。
這個(gè)階段練習(xí)你對(duì)主旨題的把握,以及對(duì)重要句子的敏感度。
說(shuō)明:
1、這個(gè)過(guò)程是循序漸進(jìn)的,而且每個(gè)階段的重點(diǎn)不同。所以不要跳掉任何一個(gè)階段或者顛倒階段次序。
2、每個(gè)階段5篇是個(gè)基數(shù),大家覺(jué)得不夠可以酌情增加。
3、合理安排、認(rèn)真練習(xí)的話,兩周就可以把段子題的錯(cuò)誤控制在兩個(gè)左右。
托福聽(tīng)力提高的心得
大量而有效的練習(xí)
很多人說(shuō),對(duì)于有弱項(xiàng)者,最慘的莫過(guò)于弱在聽(tīng)力。因?yàn)檫@意味著你要在比人更短的時(shí)間里練得更多,聽(tīng)多聽(tīng)習(xí)慣了,才可能有進(jìn)步。另外干任何事情都要保證足夠的時(shí)間,特別是聽(tīng)力。如果你的聽(tīng)力還錯(cuò)在10+以上,那現(xiàn)在起每天至少要應(yīng)有2個(gè)小時(shí)左右來(lái)專練聽(tīng)力。而且這段必須保證是在教室或者宿舍安靜無(wú)干擾的環(huán)境下,全身心投入的精聽(tīng)。聽(tīng)VOA等泛聽(tīng)或者在公交車上的“偷聽(tīng)”,不能算作其中。當(dāng)然,聽(tīng)的時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)也沒(méi)有必要,這個(gè)時(shí)候還不是強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練的時(shí)機(jī),每天超過(guò)4個(gè)小時(shí)的聽(tīng)容易造成疲勞,何況根本沒(méi)有那么多聽(tīng)力材料。
托福聽(tīng)力提高心態(tài)很重要
聽(tīng)力提高是一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)的過(guò)程,不要指望在狂練一個(gè)星期、狂聽(tīng)某一類題或使某個(gè)人的某專門教材后,自己會(huì)“驚喜地認(rèn)不出自己”。整個(gè)過(guò)程都會(huì)伴隨希望-失望-又有希望的循環(huán)不斷前行的,大部分人,包括很多高分的人,即使到了快要上場(chǎng)的時(shí)候,心里還是覺(jué)得“聽(tīng)力還有待提高”。真正收獲的時(shí)候是在考完拿到成績(jī)的時(shí)候,細(xì)細(xì)品味聽(tīng)力提高之路,才感覺(jué)自己在無(wú)形之間已經(jīng)進(jìn)步了很多很多。所以學(xué)習(xí)托福一定要擺好心態(tài),筆者也曾經(jīng)因?yàn)橐恢睕](méi)有進(jìn)步都想放棄考托了,但是后來(lái)很多人都勸我,沒(méi)有盡到全力沒(méi)有到達(dá)終點(diǎn)的情況下,還是有很大的提高空間的,只是需要時(shí)間來(lái)發(fā)醞釀這個(gè)過(guò)程。
提高聽(tīng)力貴在堅(jiān)持
小編所說(shuō)的堅(jiān)持不僅指要一直訓(xùn)練,還包括每一次小的訓(xùn)練。即使是練習(xí),也應(yīng)該一套一套完整地聽(tīng),養(yǎng)成做題好習(xí)慣非常重要。不要因?yàn)槁?tīng)不清一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)或者“還差一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)”就反應(yīng)過(guò)來(lái)了,而中斷練習(xí)重聽(tīng),這樣的習(xí)慣非常不好,考試的時(shí)候一旦沒(méi)有辦法停下來(lái)重聽(tīng),精力馬上就會(huì)分散,也就是說(shuō)只要有一道題做不好后面的題就全毀掉了。嚴(yán)格評(píng)判是對(duì)自己的基本要求,不要因?yàn)槎嗦?tīng)一次某道題,得出了“正確答案”,而認(rèn)為自己不錯(cuò)了,要知道,實(shí)際上所有錯(cuò)誤的題,都是“還差一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)”就可以對(duì)的,做錯(cuò)了就是全錯(cuò),就是99.9%對(duì)也和全不懂沒(méi)有區(qū)別。 如何學(xué)習(xí)托福聽(tīng)力?
容易誤解的聽(tīng)力詞組集錦,你中招了嗎?
1.anything but
聽(tīng)力原句:
Librarian:Oh, well I guess you might think that. But when I saw it back then it was anything but boring.
語(yǔ)境釋義:并不;一點(diǎn)也不
注:近似詞組nothing but意為“只不過(guò)是”,例如:It's nothing but a joke.
2.in such short notice
聽(tīng)力原句:
Student:Hi, thanks for seeing me in such short notice.
語(yǔ)境釋義:如此倉(cāng)促
3.in person
聽(tīng)力原句:
Manager: Right, the choir. It’s nice to finally meet you in person. So, you are having problems with...
語(yǔ)境釋義:親自,當(dāng)面
4.high-end
聽(tīng)力原句:
Pro: Ok, basically they have to offer things that most people can find anywhere else, you know quality, that means better exercise equipment,high-end stuff, and classes-exercise classes may be aerobics.
語(yǔ)境釋義:高端的
5.drive…h(huán)ome
聽(tīng)力原句:
Therefore, it’s best to be a non-conformist – to do your own thing, not worrying about what other people think. That’s an important point. He really drives this argument home throughout the essay.
語(yǔ)境釋義:把(論點(diǎn)、問(wèn)題等)講得透徹、明白
6.goof off
聽(tīng)力原句:
Student: I went off to the stack and found some really good material for my part, but when I got back to our table, they were just goofing off and talking. So I went and got materials for their sections as well.
語(yǔ)境釋義:游手好閑,混日子
7.go down the drain
聽(tīng)力原句:
Student: I know, but I didn’t want to risk the project going down the drain.
語(yǔ)境釋義:前功盡棄,付諸東流
8.start from scratch
聽(tīng)力原句:
Student: But we’ve got all the sources and it’s due next week. We don’t have time to start from scratch.
語(yǔ)境釋義:從頭開(kāi)始
9.come down to
聽(tīng)力原句:
It’s been shaped by constraints over vast stretches of time, all of which comes down to the fact that the best foraging strategy for beavers isn’t the one that yields the most food or wood.
語(yǔ)境釋義:歸結(jié)為
10.open spot
聽(tīng)力原句:
I am afraid we don’t have any openings at lunch time. A lot of students want to work then, so it is really rare for us to have an open spot at that time of day.
語(yǔ)境釋義:職位空缺
11.not necessarily
聽(tīng)力原句1:
Well, design doesn't necessarily include things like sculptures or decorative walkways or… or even eye catching window displays, you know art.
聽(tīng)力原句2:
Professor:That’s another possible reason although it doesn’t necessarily explain other behaviors such as eating, drinking or sleeping.”
語(yǔ)境釋義:不一定,未必(不是“不需要”或者“不必要”的意思!)
12.be at odds with
聽(tīng)力原句:
They try to fit in with the rest of the world even though it’s at odds with their beliefs and their identities.
語(yǔ)境釋義:與…相違背、相沖突
注:在聽(tīng)力中該短語(yǔ)會(huì)有連讀,要多聽(tīng)。
13.lesser-known
聽(tīng)力原句:
Employee:You are lucky to have professor who includes the lesser-known writer like her on the syllabus, you know, not the usual authors we’ve all read.
語(yǔ)境釋義:不知名的
14.pros and cons
聽(tīng)力原句:
I mean no one really thinks that, say a bee goes through weighing the pros and cons of pollinating this flower or that flower.
語(yǔ)境釋義:權(quán)衡利弊,仔細(xì)斟酌
15.in a different light
聽(tīng)力原句:
Student: I mean... Being a waiter, I get to see a lot of the professors, like in a different light, we joke around a little you know. In the classroom, they always have to be pretty formal, but …
語(yǔ)境釋義:從不同的角度,從另外一面
16.low key
聽(tīng)力原句:
Pro: Oh, that's very thoughtful of you, Eric, but it will be low key, nothing flashy. That's not her style.
語(yǔ)境釋義:低調(diào)的,不張揚(yáng)的
17.common denominator
聽(tīng)力原句:
There are variations on this model of course, but the common denominators are always an idea of creating a shopping space that will get people to shop in the city without needing their cars.
語(yǔ)境釋義:共同點(diǎn),共性
注意:denominator本意為“分母”
18.tongue in cheek
聽(tīng)力原句:
But if you took away all the DNA that codes for genes, you still have maybe 70% of the DNA left over. That’s the so-called JUNK DNA. Though the word junk is used sort of tongue in cheek.
語(yǔ)境釋義:半開(kāi)玩笑地
19.pull them from thin air
聽(tīng)力原句:
To begin, how do we create fictional characters? We don’t just pull them from thin air, do we? I mean we don’t create them out of nothing.
語(yǔ)境釋義:憑空捏造
20.touch base
聽(tīng)力原句:
Advisor: Hi, Steven I schedule this appointment, cause it has been a while since we touched base.
語(yǔ)境釋義:聯(lián)系,進(jìn)行接觸
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