高二考好英語(yǔ)閱讀理解方法
在閱讀理解題上得分的多少很大程度上決定著高考英語(yǔ)的總成績(jī)。而且，閱讀量有逐漸擴(kuò)大且閱讀速度進(jìn)一步提高的趨勢(shì);選題多種多樣，涉及到社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、日常生活各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。今天小編為大家推薦治療的方法。
高二考好英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的方法介紹
1.4篇75—80分鐘，平均每篇15—20分鐘。
2.讀文章的時(shí)間分配：用6—8分鐘完成第一遍閱讀，10—14分鐘來(lái)琢磨題目，每題平均2分鐘。
高考閱讀的特點(diǎn)：
?、傥恼聠卧~量不大，但句型結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。(熟背大綱，將每篇文章中的長(zhǎng)難句摘錄下來(lái)，加以背誦)
?、谧髡叩挠^點(diǎn)不一定明確。
?、圻x項(xiàng)的迷惑性比較大。
高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中做題誤區(qū)：
1.讀的太快，做題靠印象和直覺(jué)。(要求每一道題回到原文去找答案)
2.先看題目，后讀文章。(與先讀文章后看題目的比較)
高考閱讀方法：先通讀全文，重點(diǎn)讀首段、各段的段首段尾句，然后其他部分可以略讀，再審題定位，重疊選項(xiàng)，選出答案。要有把握文章宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)、中心句的能力。
3.閱讀中需要特別注意并做記號(hào)的有：
①標(biāo)志類(lèi)、指示類(lèi)的信息。
a.表示并列關(guān)系：
and;also;coupledwith等
b.表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：
but;yet;however;bycontrast等
c.表示因果關(guān)系：
therefor;thereby;consequently;asaresult等
d.表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：
inadditionto;even;what‘more;furthermore等
e.表示重要性的詞：prime;aboveall;first等
以上關(guān)鍵詞有助于我們對(duì)文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)的把握
?、诰哂懈星樯曙@示作者態(tài)度的詞：blind盲目的(貶)excessively過(guò)分的(貶)。
高二英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的題型解說(shuō)
一、主旨大意題
主旨大意題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)所讀材料(或所讀材料片斷)中心思想的概括。做這類(lèi)題時(shí)，考生應(yīng)通讀全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同時(shí)注意文章的主題句，因?yàn)橹黝}句表達(dá)中心思想，其他句子均圍繞主題句進(jìn)行展開(kāi)。主題句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方，但位于段落中間(通常是第一段或最后一段的中間)也是完全可能的。主旨大意題的考查形式很多，如概括標(biāo)題、主題、段意、中心思想等。請(qǐng)看2005年浙江卷中的一個(gè)段落：
In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget. But none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible.
◎What is the subject discussed in the text?
A. The writer’s unhappy school life
B. The writer’s eagerness to earn money
C. The writer’s experience as a full-time worker
D. The writer’s hard work in an apple plant
原文共有五個(gè)自然段，上面摘錄的只是文章的第1個(gè)自然段，但是如果考生訓(xùn)練有素的話，只要讀完這個(gè)段落就可猜出此題的答案了。因?yàn)槲恼碌谝痪湔f(shuō)In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget，接著作者用but引出一個(gè)新的情況(即主題句)：none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. 再接下來(lái)又說(shuō)：The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible. 聰明的讀者至此應(yīng)該可以猜測(cè)到，下面的幾個(gè)段落肯定是介紹這個(gè)apple plant 的work是如何的hard，它的pay是如何的poor，它的working conditions 是如何的terrible 等。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有選項(xiàng)D所表述內(nèi)容合乎上面的分析，故選D。
二、事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
顧名思義，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題即指針對(duì)文章的某個(gè)事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)而設(shè)置的試題。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的命題方法很多，如可能是對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)用同義結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換后進(jìn)行考查、也可能是將文章中的幾個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)(通常是四個(gè))放在一起要求考生判斷是非(選出正確的一項(xiàng)或選出錯(cuò)誤的一項(xiàng))或?qū)讉€(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行排序等。解答這類(lèi)試題時(shí)，一個(gè)常用的方法就是運(yùn)用定位法，即根據(jù)題干或選項(xiàng)中的線索詞從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子，與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較從而確定答案(此時(shí)要特別注意一些常見(jiàn)的同義轉(zhuǎn)換或簡(jiǎn)單換算)。請(qǐng)看200年安徽卷中的一道事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題：
Tuition Fees(學(xué)費(fèi))
Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from ,000 to ,000 a year. For further information: tui@waikato.ac.nz
Accommodation(住宿)
You can have a room in a 4-bedrcom flat, which will cost about 0 a month with other regular living costs of about 0 a month for one person. For further information: ave@walkato.ac.nz
◎You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.
A. ,250 B. ,000 C. ,000 D. ,000
根據(jù)Tuition fees一節(jié)的內(nèi)容可知，一年的學(xué)費(fèi)最低為5,000美元，再根據(jù)Accommodation(住宿)一節(jié)可知，除學(xué)費(fèi)外，還有住宿費(fèi)(每月100美元)和生活費(fèi)(每月150美元)，即一年大約共3,000美元，所以在WaiKato大學(xué)讀書(shū)一年至少要花費(fèi)5,000+3,000=8,000美元，故答案為B。
三、代詞指代題
這類(lèi)題要求考生根據(jù)一定的上下文推測(cè)代詞的指代意義，它主要考查考生在一定語(yǔ)境中對(duì)上下文邏輯關(guān)系的正確理解。做這類(lèi)題時(shí)，考生不僅要讀懂相關(guān)句子的句意，理順相關(guān)句子的邏輯關(guān)系，而且還要學(xué)會(huì)合理變通，尤其要學(xué)會(huì)變通理解其中的同義表達(dá)。請(qǐng)看2005年天津卷中的一個(gè)片斷和一個(gè)道詞義猜測(cè)題：
Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this. Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society. The act of discovery, even in the relatively predictable(可以預(yù)見(jiàn)的) sense that it occurs in everyday learning, involves(涉及) a “sudden insight” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation. As we have seen, everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past, which is involved in the solution.
◎What does the underlined word “this” refer to?
A. Great contributions to the society.
B. Long-time study of the subject matter.
C. Various statements about problem solving.
D. Complete devotion to artistic creation.
此題答案選B。答案的直接依據(jù)是文章中的Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this 這兩句話。從句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)上看，this在此指代的應(yīng)是they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time，比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有B與之吻合，因?yàn)檫x項(xiàng)中的long-time與原文中的over fairly long periods of time屬同義表達(dá)，選項(xiàng)中的study of the subject matter 與原文中的devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem屬同義表達(dá)。
四、詞義猜測(cè)題
即要求考生根據(jù)一定的上下文猜測(cè)生詞的詞義。它是高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，同學(xué)們應(yīng)引起充分重視。猜測(cè)生詞詞義的方法很多，常用的有同義解釋法、因果推斷法、前后對(duì)比法、基本構(gòu)詞法、語(yǔ)境理解法、舉例說(shuō)明法、常識(shí)背景法、類(lèi)屬分析法等。請(qǐng)看2005年安徽卷中一道詞義猜測(cè)題：
More American people take their troubles with them on holiday, according to a new survey. Although 40 percent said that the main reason for going away is to escape pressure(壓力) from work, almost all said they worry more than they do at home. Only four in every 100 said that they are happy and free of care.
◎The underlined word “survey” in the first paragraph most probably means ______.
A. research B. review C. exhibition D. examination
此題答案選A。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，同時(shí)結(jié)合常識(shí)，文中所提到的事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該是“調(diào)查和研究”得出的(其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)可排除)。
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