初一上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納總結(jié)
初一上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納總結(jié)
英語(yǔ)學(xué)得好不好,開(kāi)始的第一年起著至關(guān)重要的作用,所以在初一學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是很有必要的。以下是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編分享給大家的初一上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納,希望可以幫到你!
初一上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納
一、48個(gè)國(guó)際音標(biāo)及26個(gè)英文字母的正確書寫
要熟練掌握元音和輔音,5個(gè)元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正確占格及單詞間距。
二、be動(dòng)詞的用法
be動(dòng)詞有三種變形,分別是:am, is, are。記憶口訣:
"我"用am, "你"用are, is用于"他、她、它";單數(shù)全都用is,復(fù)數(shù)全部都用are。
三、人稱及人稱代詞的不同形式(主格和賓格)
1、三種人稱:第一人稱(I, we),第二人稱(you, you),第三人稱(he, she, it, Maria)。
2、人稱代詞的主格,即人稱代詞位于句子主語(yǔ)位置時(shí)的形態(tài):I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。
3、人稱代詞的賓格,即人稱代詞位于句子賓語(yǔ)位置時(shí)的形態(tài):me, us, you, you, him, her, it。
4、形容詞性物主代詞:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。
5、名詞性物主代詞:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。
6、反身代詞:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。
四、基數(shù)詞(表示數(shù)量多少的詞,大致相當(dāng)于代數(shù)里的自然數(shù))
zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。
五、一般疑問(wèn)句及特殊疑問(wèn)句
1、一般疑問(wèn)句:能用Yes或No來(lái)回答的問(wèn)句。一般疑問(wèn)句句尾讀升調(diào)。
2、特殊疑問(wèn)句:不能用Yes或No來(lái)回答的問(wèn)句。特殊疑問(wèn)句句尾讀降調(diào)。
六、可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)
可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。
1、規(guī)則變化:
(1)一般情況直接在詞尾加"-s ",如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;
(2)以s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的詞,要在詞尾加"-es ",如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;
(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,變y為i再加"-es ",如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;
(4)部分以f (e)結(jié)尾的詞,變f (e)為"ves ",如:knife-knives, half-halves等;
(5)以o結(jié)尾的詞,加"-s "或"-es ",如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。記憶口訣:除了"英雄"hero外,凡是能吃的,加"-es ",不能吃的加"-s "。
2、不規(guī)則變化:
(1)改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;
(2)單、復(fù)同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;
(3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等。
七、簡(jiǎn)單句的成分及主謂一致原則
最基本構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ),其中謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞來(lái)充當(dāng)。
主謂一致原則,就是句子的謂語(yǔ)要始終與主語(yǔ)保持?jǐn)?shù)量上的一致性。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)(簡(jiǎn)稱"三單")時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要相應(yīng)變成單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)非"三單"時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用原形。實(shí)意動(dòng)詞變"三單"的規(guī)則如下:
(1)一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加"-s ",如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;
(2)以字母s, x,ch, sh結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加"-es ",如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;
(3)以o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞一般加"-es ",如:do-does, go-goes等;
(4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先變y為i,再加"-而是",如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;
(5)have的三單形式是has。
八、冠詞的用法(名詞前面必須要有冠詞)
冠詞分為定冠詞(the)和不定冠詞(a, an)兩種。
1、定冠詞the表示"特指",可譯為"這個(gè)"、"那個(gè)"、"這些"、"那些"。
2、不定冠詞a, an用來(lái)表明(可數(shù))名詞的數(shù)量是"一個(gè)"。an用于以元音開(kāi)頭(注意不是以元音字母開(kāi)頭)的單詞前,a則英語(yǔ)非元音開(kāi)頭的單詞前。
3、不定冠詞a, an與基數(shù)詞one的區(qū)別是:不定冠詞不是刻意強(qiáng)調(diào)"數(shù)量",而基數(shù)詞則強(qiáng)調(diào)"數(shù)量"。
九、助動(dòng)詞(do, does )的用法
只有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)才涉及使用助動(dòng)詞。以like為例:
(1)當(dāng)句子為肯定句時(shí)不涉及使用助動(dòng)詞,只涉及"主謂一致"原則。
eg : I like English a lot.
Michael likes Chinese food very much.
(2)當(dāng)句子為否定句時(shí),要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的人稱來(lái)決定使用相應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞:當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為"三單"時(shí),要使用does;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為"非三單"時(shí),用助動(dòng)詞原形do。例如把下列句子變否定句:
Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.
They like sports.------They don't like sports.
(3)當(dāng)句子變疑問(wèn)句時(shí),同樣要根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)來(lái)決定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子變問(wèn)句:
Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.
Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.
十、名詞所有格
1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;
2、用of表示"......的",但要從of后往of前翻譯:a book of mine(我的一本書)
3、have與of的區(qū)別:
have一般表示"主動(dòng)擁有",往往用于有生命的人或動(dòng)物;無(wú)生命的物體一般不能"主動(dòng)擁有",表示所屬關(guān)系時(shí)要用of。例如:
I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.
a door of the house
十一、初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)之課本中的知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1、Unit 1 --Unit 2
(1)問(wèn)候語(yǔ):
Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.
How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.
Hi! Hello!
How do you do?
(2)道別用語(yǔ):
Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次見(jiàn)面,see用于熟人間)
Nice to meet/ see you, too.
Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!
(3)介紹人或者物的句型:This is...
(4)Excuse me.與I'm sorry.的區(qū)別:
Excuse me.是要引起對(duì)方的注意,而I'm sorry.則是向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?/p>
(5)詞組be from = come from
(6)當(dāng)問(wèn)句中問(wèn)到this/ that時(shí),回答要用it;問(wèn)到these/ those時(shí),要用they來(lái)回答。 例如: What's this in English?----It's an eraser.
What are those?----They are books.
(7)對(duì)Thanks.的回答:That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.
(8)look the same = have the same looks
give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.
be like = look like
in the tree/ on the tree (樹(shù)上結(jié)的、長(zhǎng)出來(lái)的用on,否則用in)
in red(穿著紅色的衣服)
in the desk(在空間范圍之內(nèi))
in English(用英語(yǔ))
help sb. do sth.
(9)both與all的區(qū)別:
both表示"兩者都......";all表示"三者及以上都......"。
2、Unit 3--Unit 4
(1)speak的用法
speak與say不同:speak表示"說(shuō)"的動(dòng)作,不表示"說(shuō)"的內(nèi)容;say則表示"說(shuō)"的內(nèi)容。
speak后面除了能接"語(yǔ)言"外,不能直接接?xùn)|西,后面加了to則表示"對(duì)......說(shuō)"。
help sb. with sth.(幫助某人做/補(bǔ)習(xí)......)
want to do sth.(想要做某事)
would like to do sth.
not...at all(一點(diǎn)都不);Not at all.(沒(méi)關(guān)系/別介意)
like...a lot = like...very much
(2)some和any的區(qū)別:
口訣:some用于肯定句,否定、疑問(wèn)變any。例如:
I have some money.
I don't have any money.
Do you have any money?
(3)have a seat = take a seat(請(qǐng)隨便坐)
(4)祈使句(表示命令或請(qǐng)求的句子)
祈使句一般都省略了主語(yǔ)You,所以其否定句直接用Don't開(kāi)頭。例如:
Don't go there!
(5)問(wèn)職業(yè):
What does sb. do?
What is sb.?
What's sb.'s job?
(6)work與job的區(qū)別:
work是未必有報(bào)酬的"工作",例如homework, housework;而job則一定是有報(bào)酬的"工作"。
(7)on指在物體的表面,不論這個(gè)面是否水平的,例如:
on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground
(8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在醫(yī)院里)
look after(照料/照顧/照看)
help oneself(請(qǐng)自便/隨便吃)
(9)表示"建議"的句型:"做某事如何?"
What about (doing) sth.? (英式英語(yǔ))
How about (doing) sth.? (美式英語(yǔ))
Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?
(10)"吃"一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper
have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper
take one's order
be kind to sb.
(11)try on這個(gè)詞組可合可分:名詞可以放在這個(gè)詞組的中間或后面,但代詞只能放在詞組的中間。
(12)在口語(yǔ)中往往用take表示"買"。
(13)how many與how much的區(qū)別:
how many + 可數(shù)名詞;how much + 不可數(shù)名詞
(14)What do you think of...? 是詢問(wèn)對(duì)方對(duì)某事物的看法;
How do you like...? 是問(wèn)對(duì)方對(duì)某事物喜歡的程度。
think about(考慮)
Thank you all the same. (即使對(duì)方?jīng)]能幫上忙,也要禮貌道謝)
Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作為動(dòng)詞,不能單獨(dú)使用。)
(15)one與it的區(qū)別:
當(dāng)上下文說(shuō)的是同一種類事物時(shí),任意一個(gè)可以用one來(lái)代替;如果上下文所說(shuō)的是同一個(gè)事物時(shí)則用it。例如:
Ann :I have a yellow bag.
Jane :I have a green one.
Tom : Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?
Mike : Look, it's over there.
(16)倒裝句
Here you are.
Here it is.
(17)be free (有空/免費(fèi))
forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)
forget doing sth.(忘了做過(guò)某事)
What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...?
(18)go + v.-ing結(jié)構(gòu)的含義:為了實(shí)現(xiàn)某目的才去的。例如:
go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等
(19)have to do sth.(非主觀因素,強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀因素,"不得不去做某事")
must 則表示主觀愿望
(20)fly a kite = fly kites
be free = have time
(21)句型"該干某事了。":It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.
例如:該吃午飯了.
It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch.
(22)時(shí)間的表述
當(dāng)分針?biāo)傅臅r(shí)間大于0分、小于等于30分鐘時(shí),用"分鐘"past"小時(shí)"。例如:
8:23--twenty-three past eight
當(dāng)分針?biāo)傅臅r(shí)間大于30分鐘、小于60分鐘時(shí),用"剩余的時(shí)間"to"下一個(gè)整點(diǎn)"。例如:
8:49--eleven to nine
當(dāng)然,還可以直接按照小時(shí)、分鐘去讀出時(shí)間,例如:
8:23--eight twenty-three; 8:49--eight forty-nine
整點(diǎn)則在數(shù)詞后加"-o'clock",例如:8:00--eight o'clock
在鐘點(diǎn)前介詞要用at.
初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)
名詞:所有事物的名稱
1,名詞的種類:
專有名詞:首字母大寫(山脈,河流,國(guó)家等)China
普通名詞:首字母不大寫(普通的事物的名稱)desk ,pen
2,名詞的數(shù):
可數(shù)名詞:可以數(shù)的名詞(有單復(fù)數(shù))ruler,pen,pencil
不可數(shù)名詞:不可以數(shù)的名詞(沒(méi)有單復(fù)數(shù))bread,meat,water,
可數(shù)名詞變化規(guī)則
1,一般加s,例如:pen---pens
2,以s,sh,ch,x結(jié)尾加es,例如:bus—buses,brush—brushes,watch—watches,box—boxes
3,以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾,去掉y為I 加es 例如:baby---babies
4,以f,fe 結(jié)尾,去掉f,fe 加ves life---lives, leaf---leaves
5,以有生命的o 結(jié)尾加es 例如:hero---heroes,tomato---tomatoes,potato---potatoes,mango---mangoes
6,復(fù)合名詞遇見(jiàn)man,woman兩個(gè)詞時(shí),兩個(gè)名詞都要加復(fù)數(shù)
A man teacher---two men teachers
不規(guī)則的變化
Is,am----are, his,her,its----their,does---do,has---have,his,hers,its---theirs,
Isn’t ---aren’t , I ---we, you---you,me---us,he,she,it---they,him,her,it---them,
Your---your,yours---yours,my---our,mine---ours,that---those,this---these,fish—fish,sheep---sheep,deer---deer,Chinese---Chinese, Japanese---Japanese,man---men,woman—women,tooth---teeth,foot---feet,mouse---mice
單數(shù)句變成復(fù)數(shù)句
This is my book--- These are our books
不可數(shù)名詞的量化
A cup of 一杯。。。,a glass of 。。。一玻璃杯,a tin of 。。。一聽(tīng)。。。,a can of 。。。一罐。。。,
A box of 。。。一盒子。。。,a bag of 。。。 一包。。。,a bar of 。。。一條。。,a piece of 。。。一片。。。
例如:I have a cup of water 我有一杯水 I have two cups of water 我有兩杯水
I have a box of apples 我有一箱蘋果,I have two boxes of apples 我有兩箱蘋果
名詞所有格:
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