初中介詞英語用法歸納總結(jié)
初中介詞英語用法歸納總結(jié)
初中介詞英語用法歸納總結(jié)有哪些?想了解更多的信息嗎?一起來看看，以下是學習啦小編分享給大家的英語中的介詞for的用法歸納，希望可以幫到你!
英語中的介詞for的用法歸納
用法1：(表目的)為了。如：
They went out for a walk. 他們出去散步了。
What did you do that for? 你干嗎這樣做?
That’s what we’re here for. 這正是我們來的目的。
What’s she gone for this time? 她這次去干什么去了?
He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽車。
【用法說明】在通常情況下，英語不用 for doing sth 來表示目的。如：
他去那兒看他叔叔。
誤：He went there for seeing his uncle.
正：He went there to see his uncle.
但是，若一個動名詞已名詞化，則可與 for 連用表目的。如：
He went there for swimming. 他去那兒游泳。(swimming 已名詞化)
注意：若不是表目的，而是表原因、用途等，則其后可接動名詞。(見下面的有關(guān)用法)
用法2：(表利益)為，為了。如：
What can I do for you? 你想要我什么?
We study hard for our motherland. 我們?yōu)樽鎳W習。
Would you please carry this for me? 請你替我提這個東西好嗎?
Do more exercise for the good of your health. 為了健康你要多運動。
【用法說明】(1) 有些后接雙賓語的動詞(如 buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等)，當雙賓語易位時，通常用 for 來引出間接賓語，表示間接賓語為受益者。如：
She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她為她女兒做了件連衣裙。
He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他為我們煮了些土豆。
注意，類似下面這樣的句子必須用 for：
He bought a new chair for the office. 他為辦公室買了張新辦公椅。
(2) 注意不要按漢語字面意思，在一些及物動詞后誤加介詞 for：
他們決定在電視上為他們的新產(chǎn)品打廣告。
誤：They decided to advertise for their new product on TV.
正：They decided to advertise their new product on TV.
注：advertise 可用作及物或不及物動詞，但含義不同：advertise sth=為賣出某物而打廣告;advertise for sth=為尋找某物而打廣告。如：advertise for a job=登廣告求職。由于受漢語“為”的影響，而此處誤加了介詞 for。類似地，漢語中的“為人民服務(wù)”，說成英語是 serve the people，而不是 serve for the people，“為某人的死報仇”，說成英語是 avenge sb’s death，而不是 avenge for sb’s death，等等。
用法3：(表用途)用于，用來。如：
Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用來切東西的。
This knife is for cutting bread. 這把小刀是用于切面包的。
It’s a machine for slicing bread. 這是切面包的機器。
The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold. 醫(yī)生給了她一些感冒藥。
用法4：為得到，為拿到，為取得。如：
He went home for his book. 他回家拿書。
He went to his friend for advice. 他去向朋友請教。
She often asked her parents for money. 她經(jīng)常向父母要錢。
We all hope for success. 我們都盼望成功。
Are you coming in for some tea? 你要不要進來喝點茶?
用法5：給(某人)，供(某人)用。如。如：
That’s for you. 這是給你的。
Here is a letter for you. 這是你的信。
Have you room for me there? 你那邊能給我騰出點地方嗎?
用法6：(表原因、理由)因為，由于。如：
I am sorry for it. 對不起。
Thank you for coming to see me. 謝謝你來看我。
You can’t see the wood for the trees. 你只見樹木，不見森林。
He is famous for his poems. 他因為他的詩出名。
He was sent to prison for robbery. 他因為搶劫而坐牢。
I couldn’t speak for laughing. 我笑得說不出話來。
He couldn’t sleep for joy. 他高興得不能入睡。
For several reasons, I’d rather not meet her. 由于種種原因，我寧愿不見她。
【用法說明】有些表原因的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)不宜用介詞 for 來引出，而用其他介詞。如：
他由于努力工作而加了工資。
誤：For the result of his hard work, he got a pay rise.
正：As a [the] result of his hard work, he got a pay rise.
注：as a [the] result of 是習語，意為“由于……的結(jié)果”。
因為母親不在家，她只好自己做飯。
誤：For Mother (being) away, she had to cook the meal herself.
正：With Mother (being) away, she had to cook the meal herself.
注：“with+賓語+賓語補足語”可用來表示原因，此時的 with 不能換成 for。類似地，下例中的 with 也不能換成 for：
With all this work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out. 有這么多工作要做，我不知是否有時間出去。
我們祝賀你的成功。
誤：We congratulate you for your success.
正：We congratulate you on your success.
注：congratulate 后習慣上接介詞 on 表示原因。
用法7：(表目標、去向)去。如：
Is this bus for Chicago? 這輛公共汽車開往芝加哥嗎?
They’ll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他們動身去北京。
They set off for the shops. 他們買東西去了。
Is this the train for Shanghai? 這是開往上海的火車嗎?
Passengers for Tianjing must change at Beijing. 去天津的旅客必須在北京換車。
【用法說明】比較 for 與 to，兩者均可表示目的地，注意以下區(qū)別：
for 通常與 leave, start, set out, set off, head, steer, depart, be bound, be destined 等動詞連用，而 to 則通常與 come, drive, fly, get, go, lead, march, move, return, ride, run, travel, walk 等動詞連用。如：
We departed for London at 10 am. 我們上午10點動身去倫敦。
Then we drove to the station. 然后我們就開車去了車站。
有時，同一個動詞(如 sail)兩者均可連用，但含義稍有差別：用 for 通常只表示向著某目的地那個方向，并不強調(diào)到達的意思;而 to 含有到達某目的地的意思。如：
They sailed for Shanghai. 他們開船駛往廣州。
They sailed to Shanghai. 他們開船駛至廣州。
若與名詞連用，也有類似區(qū)別。如：
There will be a train for Wuhan. 有開往武漢的火車。(僅表示向武漢方向，但在武漢未必是?？空?
There will be a train to Wuhan. 有開往武漢的火車。(開往武漢方向，且在武漢停靠)(R56)
順便說一句，也有的辭書持幾乎相反的觀點，認為 for 與 to 表示目的地時，for 表示的是預定目的地，而to 表示的是假設(shè)將會到達的目的地。
初中英語介詞to的用法歸納
一：表示相對，針對
be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar, distinct, sensitive, immune, vulnerable, indispensable) to
Air is indispensable to life.
Aircrafts are vulnerable to interference caused by radiation.
This injection will make you immune to infection.
二：表示對比，比較
1：以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞，后接介詞to表示比較，如：superior ,inferior,prior,senior,junior
The quarrel happened prior to my arrival.
2: 一些本身就含有比較或比擬意思的形容詞，如equal，similar，equivalent，analogous
A is similar to B in many ways.
3：表示一些先后順序的形容詞，如：second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatory
Subsequent to the war,they returned to their hometown.
4: to也偶爾出現(xiàn)在個別動詞之后,與動詞形成固定詞組,表示比較,如:prefer to,compare to,in contrast to
compare to sth.表示比喻或比擬,而compare with sth.表示比較,如:
World is usually compared to a stage
Compared with his past,he has changed a lot.
Prefer的正確句型是:prefer A to B或prefer doing A to doing B,但當prefer后接動詞不定式時,表示比較的介
詞to就要改成rather than ,如:
The undaunted soldier preferred death to surrender.
Many people prefer spending money to earning money.
They prefer to pursue careers rather than remain home as house wives.
5: to與及個別的名詞構(gòu)成比較之意,如:alternative
Going to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner.
三: 表示修飾關(guān)系
1: 表示回復,反應(yīng)意思的詞,如:answer to question,
solution to problem,response to inquiry,reaction to proposal,reply to letter
2: 表示建筑構(gòu)件的詞匯,如: entry,entrance,approach,access,passage,exit,vent,path
the approach to a bridge引橋
the approach to science
Half of the population was estimated to have no access to the health service.
The access to education 接受教育的機會
The access to medical care 享受公費醫(yī)療的權(quán)利
3: 表示人物職位和官銜的詞,如:assistant to manager, ambassador to Spain, successor to tradition, heir to
throne,deputy to the National People’s Congress
advisor to the Prime Minister
4: 表示權(quán)利和許可的詞匯,如:right,admission
The employee finally got the admission to the boardroom.
Everyone has an equal right to ……..
5: 表示柵欄或障礙的詞匯,如:bars to development,the barrier to progress
6: 表示與書籍,文本相關(guān)的詞,如:introduction to passage.
7: 表示恭喜或是祝賀,如:
The director proposed a toast to the health of the guests.
Let’s drink to Dick’s success in business
8: 另外還有一些名詞符合這種用法,有的具有兩者息息相關(guān),缺一不可的含義.如:key to door,invitation to
party,
guide to action,limitation to life,accessory to school四: to還具有依據(jù),伴隨,和著節(jié)奏的含義,如:sing to piano, chance to the tune, stamp to the rhythm of the song, add salt to taste
(一)：表示相關(guān)聯(lián)，相連接，如：be related to,be relative to,in relation to,be relevant to,link to
Investigate all the facts related to the problem.
People often linked walth to happiness.
(二)：表示反對和贊同。
1：to引導的表示反對，抗拒，對抗意義的詞組。Be opposed to,be oppsist to,be contrary to,be adverse to,be
resistant to,be contradictory to,object to,oppose to,deny tp,be aline to
These buildings are resistant to earthquake.
They are to tally opposed to any changes being made in the plans.
2: to引導的表示同意，贊同意義的詞組：consent to,subseribe to,
The employer consented to give him a salary raise.
表示調(diào)整，使符合，使適應(yīng)的含義，如：adapt to,commodate to, adjust to,conform to,habituate to,fit to,suit
to,correspond to,cater to
She tried to habituate herself to the style of plain living.
Your action should conform to the interests of the people.
They offered various foods to cater to the need of customers.
His words doesn’t fit to his actions.
Suit your writing style to the masses.
3: 表示投降,屈服,服從的含義,如:be subject to,be subordinate to,submit to,subject to,surrender to,give in
to,confess to,admit to.
The minority is subordinate to the majority少數(shù)服從多數(shù)
Countries nearby oceans are always subject to earthquake.
He confessed to having robbed the woman of her wallet.
We’re not the kind of people to yield to any military threat.
五: 表示趨勢或傾向,如:tend to,be prone to,be inclined to,be apt to,be liable to
He’s liable to seasickness.
You are liable to come to wrong conclusion.
六: 表示對事情的堅持與執(zhí)著,如:sick to,hold o,adhere to,cling to
He still holds on to his original views.
七: 表示約束,局限,如:limit to,confine to,resrict to
He’s confined to the house by illness.
He confined his remarks to scientific mangement.
八: 表示一種習慣或是一種適應(yīng)性,如:get (be) to,used to,be accustomed to
Finally,the students got used to my teaching method.
九: 表示起因和原由,如wing to,due to,thanks to,attribute to,come down to
The flight was cancelled due to the thick fog.
The famous artist attributed his success to his wife.
十: 表示目的或結(jié)果,如:aim to,lead to,give rise to
I aim to be an excellent college teacher.
His conceit lead to his failure.
These bad condition has given rise to a lot of crises
十一: 表示命運,注定,如:be doomed to,be destined to,
All military adventures by the two super powers are doomed to fail.
十二: 表示數(shù)量上的積累或增加,如:in addition to,add to,amount to
In addition to relief supplies,he also presented with some money.
The annual output of steel amounts to 1200 tons.
十三: 表示全身心投入的含義,如:be addicted to,contribute to,devote to,commit to
He is determined to devote all his life to his.
十四: 表示展望或是回顧,如:look forward to反date back to
The church dates back to the 13th century.
十五: 表示方位概念.如:close to,next to
I don’t like wool next to my skin.
初中所有介詞知識點用法總結(jié)
♥表示方位的介詞：in，to, on
1. in 表示在某地范圍之內(nèi)。
如: Shanghai is/lies in the east of China.
上海在中國的東部。
2. to 表示在某地范圍之外。
如: Japan is/lies to the east of China.
日本位于中國的東面。
3. on 表示與某地相鄰或接壤。
如: Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.
蒙古國位于中國北邊。
♥表示計量的介詞：at, for, by
1. at表示“以……速度”“以……價格”。
如: It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour.
它以每小時900公里的速度飛行。
I sold my car at a high price.
我以高價出售了我的汽車。
2. for表示“用……交換,以……為代價”。
如: He sold his car for 500 dollars.
他以五百元把車賣了。
注意:at表示單價(price) ,for表示總錢數(shù)。
3. by表示“以……計”,后跟度量單位。
如: They paid him by the month.
他們按月給他計酬。
Here eggs are sold by weight.
在這里雞蛋是按重量賣的。
♥表示材料的介詞：of, from, in
1. of成品仍可看出原料。
如: This box is made of paper.
這個盒子是紙做的。
2. from成品已看不出原料。
如: Wine is made from grapes.
葡萄酒是葡萄釀成的。
3. in表示用某種材料或語言。
如: Please fill in the form in pencil first.
請先用鉛筆填寫這個表格。
They talk in English.
他們用英語交談。
注意: in指用材料,不用冠詞;而with指用工具,要用冠詞。
請比較: draw in pencil 與draw with a pencil.
♥表示工具或手段的介詞：by, with, on
1. by用某種方式,多用于交通。
如：by bus 乘公共汽車
by e-mail. 通過電子郵件
注意: 表示搭乘交通工具時,用by時不用冠詞,用in時要用冠詞。
請比較: I went there by bus/in a bus.
我是坐公共汽車去的那兒。
2. with表示“用某種工具”。
如:He broke the window with a stone.
他用石頭把玻璃砸壞了。
注意: with表示用某種工具時,必須用冠詞或物主代詞。
3. on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定詞組。
如：They talked on the telephone.
他們通過電話進行交談。
She learns English on the radio/on TV.
她通過收音機/電視學英語。
♥表示關(guān)于的介詞：of , about，on
1. of僅是提到或談到過某人或某事。
如: He spoke of the film the other day.
他前幾天提到了這部影片。
He thought about this matter yesterday.
他昨天考慮了這件事。
2. about指“關(guān)于”某人或某事物的較詳細的情況。
如: Can you tell me something about yourself?
你能告訴我一些關(guān)于你自己的事情嗎?
3. on指“關(guān)于”學術(shù)性的或嚴肅的事。
如: It’s a textbook on the history of china.
它是一本有關(guān)中國歷史的教科書。
♥表原因或理由的介詞：for, at，from，of, with, by，because of
1. for表示原因,常與sorry,famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等詞連用。
如: I am sorry for what I said to you.
我后悔不該對你講那些話。
2. at指情感變化的原因,意為“因聽到或看到而……”。
如: He was surprised at the news.
聽到這消息他大吃一驚。
3. from指“外在的原因”,如受傷、車禍等。
如: He died from the wound.
他因受傷而致死。
4. of指“內(nèi)在的原因”,如病、餓等。
如: The old man died of hunger.
老人死于饑餓。
5. with指生理上或情感上的由外界到內(nèi)心的原因。
如: Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.
他們聽到這個消息,欣喜若狂。
He was shaking with anger.
他氣得渾身發(fā)抖。
6. by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或無意中造成某種結(jié)果的原因。
如：Her body was bent by age.
他因年老背彎了。
She took your umbrella by mistake.
我因弄錯拿了你的雨傘。
7. because of 表示引起結(jié)果的直接原因。
如: He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.
他上個月因病退休了!
8. owing to多表示引起某不良后果的原因。
如: Owing to the rain they could not come.
由于下雨他們沒來。
9. thanks to表示引起某種幸運結(jié)果的原因,常譯為“幸虧……,多虧……”。
如: Thanks to John, we won the game.
多虧約翰,我們才贏了這場比賽。
10. out of表示動機的起因,常譯為“出于……”。
如: He asked the question out of curiosity.
他出于好奇才問了那個問題。
11. through多表示因局部而影響全局的原因。
如: The war was lost through bad organization.
戰(zhàn)爭因組織不周而失敗了。
♥表示好像或當作的介詞：like, as
1. like表示“像……一樣”,其實不是。
如: Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud.
彼得大帝像他的國家一樣強健和自豪。
2. as表示“作為,以……身份”,其實也是。
如:He talked to me as a father.
他以父親的身份跟我談話。
注: as作連詞時,可表示“好像……”。
如:The work is not so difficult as you imagine.
這工作不像你想像的那么困難。
♥表示支持或反對的介詞：against，for
against反對,for支持,互為反義詞。
如: Are you for my idea or against it?
你贊同還是反對我的想法?
表示除某人某物外的介詞：besides, except
1. besides是包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除……外,還”。
如: Thirty students went to the cinema besides him.
除他以外,還有30個學生去看了電影。(他和另外30人都去了)
He is interested in tennis besides(=as wellas)football.
除了足球,他還對網(wǎng)球感興趣。
2. except是指不包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除去”。
如: Everyone is excited except me.
除我以外的每個人都很激動。(他們激動,而我卻不激動)
All the visitors are Japanese except him.
除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(其他人是日本人,可他不是)
注意:
(A) except通常與表示全體的all, every連用;若與other連用,只能用besides。
如: He had other people to take care of besides me.
除我之外,他還要照顧別人。
(B) except是排除同類;而except for是排除非同類,常在說明基本情況后,從細節(jié)上加上修正。
如: The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
除了幾處拼寫錯誤之外,這篇作文整體還是不錯的。(作文與拼寫錯誤是非同類的)
但except for也可代替except,特別是在句首時,因為except是不能用于句首的。
如: Except George, you can all go.
除喬治外,你們都可以去。
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