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學(xué)習(xí)啦>學(xué)習(xí)方法>通用學(xué)習(xí)方法>學(xué)習(xí)方法指導(dǎo)>

初二英語語法學(xué)習(xí)方法有哪些(2)

時間: 東艷656 分享

  2. 直接引語變成間接引語時,一些詞匯的變化規(guī)律

  直接引語

  1. am / is

  2. are

  3. have / has

  4. will

  5. can

  6. may 間接引語

  1. was

  2. were

  3. had

  4. would

  5. could

  6. might

  用括號中所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

  1. She said I _____(be)hard-working.

  2. Peter told me he _____(be)bored yesterday.

  3. She said she _____(go)swimming last Sunday.

  4. Bobby said he _____(may)call me later.

  5. Antonio told me he _____(read)a book then.

  答案:1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading

  請轉(zhuǎn)述他人說的話:

  1. I go to the beach every Saturday. (Tom)

  2. I can speak three languages. (Lucy)

  3. I will call you tomorrow. (Mike)

  4. I’m having a surprise party for Lana. (she)

  (五)

  if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句

  結(jié)構(gòu):if+一般現(xiàn)在時,主語+將來時

  含義:如果……,將要……

  例如:If you ask him, he will help you.

  如果你請求他,他會幫助你。

  If need be, we’ll work all night.

  如果需要,我們就干個通宵。

  根據(jù)中文提示,完成句子

  1. 如果你參加聚會,你將會過得很開心。

  If you ________ the party, you __________.

  2. 如果明天下雨,我們將不去野餐。

  If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.

  3. 如果你經(jīng)常聽英文歌,你將會喜歡英語的。

  If you often ________, you _________________.

  答案:

  1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time

  2. If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the picnic

  3. If you often listen to English songs, you’ll like English

  二. 完形填空特點及解題思路

  (一)題型分類與特點

  完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個詞,留下一些空格,要求考生借助短文保留的部分,從所給的短文整體出發(fā),在正確理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)句子和句子間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系、詞的用法和習(xí)慣搭配等,用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞語填空,使補全后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。這種題型測試的內(nèi)容從形式上看是單詞或短語的填空,但它必須注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語搭配和語法結(jié)構(gòu)正確,所以在空格上所填的詞必須符合語義適用和語法正確兩條原則,只考慮某一側(cè)面都可能導(dǎo)致錯誤。中考中完形填空試題的基本題型分兩類:完形填空選擇題和完形填空題。

  1. 完形填空選擇題:該題型的特點是將一篇短文中若干詞語抽掉留下空格,對每一空格提供若干個選擇項,要求考生通讀短文后,在理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上,運用所學(xué)的詞匯、句型、語法等語言知識,從所提供的備選項中選出一個最佳答案,使短文內(nèi)容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語教材難易程度相當(dāng),字數(shù)在150-200個單詞之內(nèi),多數(shù)設(shè)置10個左右空格,所設(shè)考點涉及詞匯、語法及對短文內(nèi)容的理解。短文的第一句一般不設(shè)空,以期提供一個語境,對每一空格設(shè)置的選項基本都屬于相同或?qū)Φ鹊脑~類,給判定選擇帶來一定的干擾,側(cè)重考查了考生準(zhǔn)確運用詞匯的能力及對短文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。

  2. 選詞填空題:該題型的特點是把抽出的詞打亂順序,不按原文順序排列,放在短文前面或后面的方框內(nèi),有時還增加幾個文外的詞,要求考生從中選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~以正確的形式填入短文空格內(nèi)。

  (A)

  Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase (短語)“have a day off”. He 2 , then he had an idea. “Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? ”he asked the teacher. “Of course, you can. ”replied (答復(fù))the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teacher’s door. “May I have a day off 5 ? ”The teacher was very surprised, “Didn’t you 6 it just now? ”“Yes, sir. But I can’t be here 7 , either. ”The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, “Why didn’t you say‘May I have two days off? ’”The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. “But you only 10 us‘have a day off! ’”

  ( )1. A. but B. and C. or D. for

  ( )2. A. thought hardly

  B. thought hard and hard

  C. hard thought

  D. thought and thought

  ( )3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D. Mr

  ( )4. A. strike B. best C. hit D. knock

  ( )5. A. also B. again C. too D. once

  ( )6. A. speak B. tell C. say D. do

  ( )7. A. tomorrow

  B. the day after tomorrow

  C. yesterday

  D. the day before yesterday

  ( )8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing

  ( )9. A. with B. on C. in D. by

  ( )10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D. were teaching

  (B)

  請根據(jù)內(nèi)容從所給的15個單詞中選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)?0個填入空白處,使短文完整,有些詞要根據(jù)需要作適當(dāng)?shù)脑~形變化。

  than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what

  A generation gap (代溝)has become a serious problem. I read a _______(1)about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _______(2)after quarrels (爭吵)with parents. I think this is _______(3)they don’t have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _______(4)time in the office. _______(5)they don’t have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _______(6)they don’t have the same topics(話題)to talk about. I want to _______(7)parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _______(8)your parents. They are the people who _______(9)you. So tell them your thoughts (想法). In this way, you can have a better _______(10)of each other.

  完形填空選擇題的一般解題思路是:

  1. 跳過空格、通讀全文、把握大意。先跳過空格,通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文,獲得整體印象,做到弄清文脈、抓住主旨,較好地把握短文大意。要在閱讀理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上才開始判定選擇,切忌倉促下筆。

  2. 結(jié)合選項、綜合考慮、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上,再結(jié)合所給備選項細讀全文,聯(lián)系上、下文內(nèi)容,注意從上、下文的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語搭配及從選擇項中尋找解題的提示,以詞、句的意義為先,再從分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)入手,根據(jù)短文意思、語法規(guī)則、詞語固定搭配等進行綜合考慮,對備選項逐一進行分析、比較和篩選,排除干擾項、初步選定答案。

  3. 瞻前顧后、先易后難、各個擊破。動筆時要瞻前顧后、通篇考慮、先易后難。對比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做,一下子不能確定答案的,先跳過這一空格,繼續(xù)往下做,最后回過頭來再集中精力解決難點。這時可結(jié)合已確定答案的選項再讀一遍短文,隨著對短文理解的深入,可以降低試題的難度,提高選擇的正確率。

  4. 復(fù)讀全文、逐空驗證、彌補疏漏。完成各道題選擇后,把所選的答案代入原文,再把全文通讀一篇,逐空認真復(fù)查。看所選定的答案是否使短文意思前后連貫、順理成章,語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確,是否符合習(xí)慣表達法。如發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤答案或有疑問的,應(yīng)再次推敲、反復(fù)斟酌、做出修正。

  完形填空試題的一般解題思路是:

  1. 跳過空格、通讀短文、了解大意。解題時先跳過空格,通讀完形填空的短文,了解全篇的內(nèi)容和要旨。要重視首句,善于以首句的時態(tài)、語氣為立足點,理清文脈,推測全文主題及大意。

  2. 復(fù)讀短文、確定語義、判斷詞形。把握短文大意后再認真復(fù)讀短文,利用上下文的語境,結(jié)合所學(xué)過的知識,先確定空格處所需詞語的意義,再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置,判斷其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?,從而確定所填詞的詞性,再依據(jù)詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則,判斷所填的詞的正確形式。

  3. 三讀短文、上下參照、驗證答案。在短文的每一空白處填上一個詞后,將完成的短文再細讀一遍,上下參照,連貫思考。把所填的答案放入短文中進行檢驗,可從上、下文內(nèi)容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順理成章,語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無誤等進行綜合驗證,凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。

  (三)課文閱讀指導(dǎo)

  1. 初中閱讀

  閱讀理解能力

  (1)理解主旨要義

  (2)理解文中具體信息

  (3)根據(jù)上下文猜測生詞的意義

  (4)做出簡單判斷的推理

  (5)理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

  (6)理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度

  2. 培養(yǎng)良好閱讀習(xí)慣

  (1)擴大視距

  (2)克服聲讀

  (3)克服逐字讀

  3. 猜測詞文

  (1)通過標(biāo)題或主題句進行預(yù)測

  (2)文章的標(biāo)題或主題句可包括作者的意圖和傾向、篇章的總體意義和深層意義,因此通過文章標(biāo)題或主題句進行預(yù)測,以便正確理解。

  (3)通過語篇標(biāo)記進行預(yù)測

  (4)語篇標(biāo)記包括關(guān)聯(lián)詞、轉(zhuǎn)換詞也包括其他關(guān)鍵詞。

  (5)利用背景知識預(yù)測

  (6)利用圖片進行預(yù)測

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