英語句子的學(xué)習(xí)方法具體有哪些
英語句子的學(xué)習(xí)方法具體有哪些
同學(xué)們?cè)趯懢渥訒r(shí)千萬不要拿句子去套方法,也不要拿方法去套句子。只要加強(qiáng)知識(shí)的積累,一定還會(huì)有更多更好的方法。以下是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編分享給大家的英語句子的學(xué)習(xí)方法的資料,希望可以幫到你!
英語句子的學(xué)習(xí)方法
一、代入法
這是進(jìn)行英語寫作時(shí)最常用的方法。同學(xué)們?cè)谡莆找欢ǖ脑~匯和短語之后,結(jié)合一定的語法知識(shí),按照句子的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),直接用英語代人相應(yīng)的句式即可。如:
◎ 他從不承認(rèn)自己的失敗。
He never admits his failure.
◎ 那項(xiàng)比賽吸引了大批觀眾。
The match attracted a large crowd.
◎ 他把蛋糕分成4塊。
He divided the cake into four pieces.
二、還原法
即把疑問句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句等還原成基本結(jié)構(gòu)。這是避免寫錯(cuò)句子的一種有效的辦法。如:
◎ 這是開往格拉斯哥的火車嗎?
Is this the train for Glasgow?
還原為陳述句:This is the train for Glasgow.
◎ 他是因?yàn)閻畚业腻X才同我結(jié)了婚。
It was because he loved my money that he married me.
還原為非強(qiáng)調(diào)句:Because he loved my money, he married me.
◎ 光速很快,我們幾乎沒法想像它的速度。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.
還原為正常語序:Light travels so fast that we can hardly imagine its speed.
三、分解法
就是把一個(gè)句子分成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子。這樣既能把意思表達(dá)得更明了,又能減少寫錯(cuò)句子的幾率。如:
◎ 我們要干就要干好。
If we do a thing, we should do it well.
◎ 從各地來的學(xué)生中有許多是北方人。
There are students here from all over thecountry. Many of them are from the North.
四、合并法
就是把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句用一個(gè)復(fù)合句或較復(fù)雜的簡單句表達(dá)出來。這種方法最能體現(xiàn)學(xué)生的英語表達(dá)能力,同時(shí)也最能提高文章的可讀性。如:
◎ 我們迷路了,這使我們的野營旅行變成了一次冒險(xiǎn)。
Our camping trip turned into an adventure when we got lost.
◎ 天氣轉(zhuǎn)晴了,這是我們沒有想到的。
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we couldexpect.
◎ 狼是高度群體化的動(dòng)物,它們的成功依賴于合作。
Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon their coopera-tion.
五、刪減法
就是在寫英語句子時(shí),把相應(yīng)漢語句子里的某些詞、短語或重復(fù)的成分刪掉或省略。如:
◎ 這部打字機(jī)真是價(jià)廉物美。
This typewriter is very cheap and fine indeed.
注:漢語表達(dá)中的“價(jià)”和“物”在英語中均無需譯出。
◎ 個(gè)子不高不是人生中的嚴(yán)重缺陷。
Not being tall is not a serious disadvantage in life,
注:漢語說“個(gè)子不高”,其實(shí)就是“不高”。也就是說,其中的“個(gè)子”在英語中無需譯出。
六、移位法
由于英語和漢語在表達(dá)習(xí)慣上存在差異,根據(jù)表達(dá)的需要,某些成分需要前置或后移。如:
◎ 他發(fā)現(xiàn)賺點(diǎn)外快很容易。
He found it easy to earn extra money.
注:it在此為形式賓語,真正的賓語是句末的不定式to earn extra money.
◎ 告訴我這事的人不肯告訴我他的名字。
The man who told me this refused to tell me his name.
注:who told me this為修飾the man的定語從句,應(yīng)置于其后。
◎ 直到我遇到你以后,我才真正體會(huì)到幸福。
It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.
注:not…until…為英語中的固定句式,其意為“直到……才……”。
七、分析法
指根據(jù)要表示的漢語意思,通過進(jìn)行語法分析和句式判斷,然后寫出準(zhǔn)確地道的英語句子。如:
◎ 從這個(gè)角度看,問題并不像人們一般料想的那樣嚴(yán)重。Seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.
注:分詞短語作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子主語一致,由于the matter與sec之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故see要用過去分詞scen.
◎ 我沒有見過他,所以說不出他的模樣。
Not having met him, I cannot tell you what he is like.
注:如果分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前,且與邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,則用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。
八、意譯法
有的同學(xué)在寫句子時(shí),一遇見生詞或不熟悉的表達(dá),就以為是“山窮水盡”了。其實(shí),此時(shí)我們可以設(shè)法繞開難點(diǎn),在保持原意的基礎(chǔ)上,用不同的表達(dá)方式寫出來。如:
◎ 湯姆一直在擾亂別的孩子,我就把他攆了出去。
Tom was upsetting the otherchildren, so I showed him the door.
◎ 有志者事竟成。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
◎ 你可以同我們一起去或是呆在家中,悉聽尊便。
You can go with us or stay athome, whichever you choose.
怎樣修改自己寫的英語句子
1.句子冗余
造成這種情況的原因一般是重復(fù)使用了形容詞,以及多余的介詞和副詞等,或者是句式不夠簡潔,比如:
Impressive internship experience in a reputable company may provide university students with a stepping stone to a well-paid job in related field.
分析:Impressive internship experience in a reputable company 表達(dá)冗余,可以直接寫成 an internship in a reputable company,同樣,may provide university students with a stepping stone to a well-paid job 可以改成 is a stepping stone to a well-paid job,整個(gè)句子可以改為:
For university students, an internship in a reputable company is a stepping stone to a well-paid job.
又比如:
Distant learning on the Internet requires a great amount of self-discipline, because there is no fixed class schedule or teacher supervision.
分析:“遠(yuǎn)程教育”應(yīng)該是 distance learning 而不是 distant learning,此外,distance learning 已經(jīng)包含了“網(wǎng)上”的概念,所以on the Internet 需要去掉。
還有一個(gè)例子:
The government seems oblivious to the public complain about its recent health care reform, which may add to the financial burden of impoverished families.
分析:這里 complain 是動(dòng)詞,名詞形式應(yīng)該是 complaint,此外,which may add to the financial burden of impoverished families 可以精簡為 which may burden impoverished families. 整個(gè)句子可以改成:
The government seems oblivious to public complaints about its recent health care reform, which may burden impoverished families.
解決辦法:減少使用不必要的形容詞和副詞,養(yǎng)成精簡句子的習(xí)慣。
2.用詞問題
出現(xiàn)這種問題的原因是寫作者對(duì)單詞的用法一知半解,想當(dāng)然地套用單詞的中文含義。比如:
The esteem for a good teacher could be jaw-dropping regionally.
分析:這里作者是想說“好老師受到了很大的尊敬”,但使用 jaw-dropping 一詞并不合適。jaw-dropping 一般用來指事物的規(guī)模很大,令人吃驚(so large or good that it amazes you)。
句子可以改成:
People in some areas hold good teachers in high esteem.
又比如:
Fairly a number of undergraduates usually concern that the shortage in vocational competitiveness has its root in diploma, however, it’s actually a fallacy most of the time.
分析:concern 作為動(dòng)詞使用時(shí)有一個(gè)含義是“使憂慮,使擔(dān)心”,但此時(shí)的搭配應(yīng)該是 something concerns somebody,而不是 somebody concerns something,這里單詞用法有誤。句子可以改成:
Many undergraduates feel that their lack of competitiveness has its root in educational background. However, that is not true.
此外,介詞和冠詞的使用也值得注意:
(1)A common problem of newcomers is that they tend to throw themselves headfirst into their current tasks without planning beforehand.
分析:“某人經(jīng)常遇到的一個(gè)問題”應(yīng)該是 a common problem for somebody,而不是 a common problem of somebody,如果使用介詞 of,一般是指問題的具體表現(xiàn),比如 the problem of street crime/drug abuse/unemployment etc.
(2)Children learn a lot about the nature by visiting zoos.
分析:如果要表達(dá)“大自然,自然界”這個(gè)概念,nature 前面不能加冠詞 the,類似的例子還有單詞 society,當(dāng)我們要指廣義上的“社會(huì)”時(shí),前面不能加冠詞 the,比如可以說:
Homelessness is a serious problem for society.
但不能說:
Homelessness is a serious problem for the society.
與此相反,有些單詞則需要加 the,比如要表達(dá)“農(nóng)村,鄉(xiāng)村”這個(gè)概念時(shí),應(yīng)該說 the countryside,我們可以說:
They live in a beautiful cottage in the countryside.
但不能說:
They live in a beautiful cottage in countryside.
解決方法:
對(duì)于前面提到的單詞誤用以及介詞搭配問題,可以通過查詞典來解決。對(duì)于冠詞使用問題,可以重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)語法書中關(guān)于冠詞的知識(shí)。推薦張滿勝老師的《英語語法新思維》第一冊(cè),書中對(duì)于名詞以及特指、泛指的概念講解非常透徹,值得深入學(xué)習(xí)。
3.邏輯跳躍
除了語法和用詞之外,句子邏輯跳躍是另外一個(gè)很常見的問題。這種邏輯跳躍通常體現(xiàn)在,句子的前后部分在邏輯上無法銜接,給讀者帶來了理解上的困難。比如:
Many fresh graduates land a job that is unrelated to their majors back in universities, which is a sign that the high education in our country may need to keep pace with the tendency of job market.
分析:由句子前半句很多大學(xué)生找的工作與專業(yè)不對(duì)口,并不能直接推導(dǎo)出我國高等教育跟不上就業(yè)市場(chǎng)趨勢(shì)的結(jié)論。很多大學(xué)生找的工作與專業(yè)不對(duì)口,很可能的原因是他們?cè)诖髮W(xué)期間學(xué)的東西與就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的要求脫節(jié)。句子可以改寫成:
Many fresh graduates end up in jobs unrelated to their majors. That is because what they have learnt in college does not match the demands of the job market.
又比如:
As the boom of technology and productivity is so incredible today, we no longer need to worry about the inadequate intake of essential nutrients.
分析:科技和生產(chǎn)力的蓬勃發(fā)展與我們不需要擔(dān)心營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)攝入問題同樣沒有必然聯(lián)系,這里改為“農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展讓我們不需要擔(dān)心營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的攝入問題”邏輯會(huì)更加通順:
Productivity improvements in agriculture have made it possible for most of us to get essential nutrients.
再舉一個(gè)例子:
Vegetables not only supply vitamins and minerals but also play a key role in improving immune system.
作者想表達(dá)的意思是“蔬菜不僅可以提供維生素和礦物質(zhì),還可以改善我們的免疫系統(tǒng)”,但這句話仔細(xì)推敲其實(shí)是有問題的。蔬菜是可以提供維生素和礦物質(zhì),但它是如何改善我們的免疫系統(tǒng)的?這句話合理的邏輯應(yīng)該是“蔬菜可以提供維生素和礦物質(zhì),這些維生素和礦物質(zhì)可以改善我們的免疫系統(tǒng)”。即:
Vegetables can supply vitamins and minerals, which play a key role in improving our immune system.
解決方法:寫句子之前先把一句話的前因后果理順,避免出現(xiàn)邏輯斷層的情況。
4.套用漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣
出現(xiàn)該問題的原因是寫作者仿造漢語的句式和搭配習(xí)慣來造句,這樣寫出來的句子給人的感覺會(huì)非常奇怪,比如:
Those who perform well in peer group at an early age should be well educated lest the pride gradually makes their talents fade away.
分析:作者像表達(dá)的意思是“那些小時(shí)候在同齡人中間出類拔萃的人需要被很好地教育,以免因?yàn)轵湴炼ㄈヌ熨x的光芒。”,“因?yàn)轵湴炼ㄈヌ熨x的光芒”這種抽象的比喻并不符合英文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。句子可以改成:
Gifted children should be given special attention lest they become self-satisfied.
解決方法:寫句子的時(shí)候不要生造表達(dá),只寫自己在詞典或者權(quán)威讀物上接觸過的用法,確保你的每一處用詞和句式都是有據(jù)可依的。
總結(jié):
每次寫完句子后可以對(duì)照上面提到的這四點(diǎn)(句子冗余、用詞問題、邏輯跳躍以及套用漢語表達(dá))檢查,確保自己寫出來的句子做到語法用詞正確,邏輯清晰,簡潔通順,為寫好段落和文章打下基礎(chǔ)。
學(xué)習(xí)英語要注意三點(diǎn)
第一,要密切注意某些單詞的特殊功能。
第二,要不斷擴(kuò)大對(duì)詞組的識(shí)別能力和運(yùn)用能力。
第三,要大量積累英語各種句型。
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