北京導(dǎo)游詞英語加翻譯
北京對外開放的旅游景點(diǎn)達(dá)200多處，有世界上最大的皇宮紫禁城、祭天神廟天壇、皇家園林北海公園、頤和園和圓明園，還有八達(dá)嶺長城、慕田峪長城以及世界上最大的四合院恭王府等名勝古跡。接下來是小編為大家整理的關(guān)于北京導(dǎo)游詞英語加翻譯，方便大家閱讀與鑒賞!
北京導(dǎo)游詞英語加翻譯1
Beijing is the capital of the people's Republic of China, a municipality directly under the central government, a national central city of China, and a center for political, cultural, educational and international exchanges. It is also the decision-making center and management center of China's economy and finance. Beijing is located in the north end of the North China Plain, connected with Tianjin in the southeast, and the rest is surrounded by Hebei Province. With a history of more than 3000 years and a history of more than 850 years, Beijing is one of the "four ancient capitals of China" and has a certain international influence. Its earliest name in literature is "Ji". Beijing is a city with the largest number of world cultural heritages in the world. Beijing is also one of the areas with the most rainfall in North China. Peking University and Tsinghua University are also located in Beijing.
Beijing has the largest number of world heritage sites (6) in the world, and is the first capital city with world geoparks in the world. Beijing is rich in tourism resources. There are more than 200 tourist attractions open to the outside world, including the world's largest imperial palace, Forbidden City, Temple of heaven, Royal Garden Beihai, Royal Garden Summer Palace and Yuanmingyuan, as well as Badaling Great Wall, Mutianyu great wall and the world's largest Siheyuan palace, Prince Gong's mansion. The city has 7309 cultural relics and historic sites, 99 National key cultural relics protection units (including the Beijing section of the great wall and the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal), 326 municipal cultural relics protection units, 5 national geoparks and 15 national forest parks. World Cultural Heritage: the Forbidden City, the Great Wall, Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site, the temple of heaven, the summer palace and the Ming Tombs. World Geopark: Fangshan World Geopark, Beijing. National Scenic Spots: Badaling, Ming Tombs and Shihua Cave. Famous streets of Chinese history and culture: Guozijian street and yandaixie street. A famous historical and cultural town in China: Gubeikou Town, Miyun County. A famous historical and cultural village in China. Mentougou District: Cuandixia village of Zhaitang town, Lingshui village of Zhaitang town, Liuliqu village of Longquan town.
In the Western Zhou Dynasty, it became the capital of Yan, one of the vassal states of the Zhou Dynasty. Since the Jin Dynasty, it has become the capital of ancient China. Since the Yuan Dynasty, it has become the capital of China. The Ming Dynasty began to expand Beijing on a large scale after becoming its ancestor. During the Ming Dynasty, Beijing became the capital of the first Han Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty carried out some renovation and expansion on the basis of the continuation of the Ming Dynasty Beijing city. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Beijing became the largest city in the world. Beijing has a history of 3000 years and 859 years. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, Beijing has been an important military and commercial city in northern China. In 1860, the Allied forces of Britain and France invaded Beijing; in 1900, the Allied forces of the eight countries invaded Beijing again. The beautiful city of Beijing was seriously damaged and looted, and a large number of cultural relics were looted by the invading forces and the bad people. After the 1911 Revolution, on January 1, the first year of the Republic of China, the capital of the Republic of China was Nanjing. In March of the same year, the capital of the Republic of China was moved to Beijing. Until the 17th year of the Republic of China, the Northern Expedition army captured Beijing, Zhang zuolin was defeated and returned to the northeast, and the Beiyang government stepped down. At the beginning of the Republic of China, the local system of Beijing was still in accordance with the Qing system, which was called shuntianfu.
Until the third year of the Republic of China, shuntianfu was changed to Jingzhao, which was directly under the central government and Beiyang government. During this period, Beijing built a new tram system and a number of modern cultural and educational institutions, such as Tsinghua University, Yanjing University, Peking University, Fu Ren University, Union Medical College, etc. After the July 7th incident in 1937, Peiping was occupied by Japan. The provisional government of the puppet Republic of China was established here, and Beiping was renamed Beijing. On August 21, 1945, the Japanese army that invaded Beijing surrendered and renamed it Peking. On January 31, 1949, the Chinese people's Liberation Army entered Beiping City, realizing the liberation of Beijing. On September 27 of the same year, the first plenary session of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference adopted the resolution on the capital, calendar, national anthem and national flag of the people's Republic of China, and Beiping was renamed Beijing. On October 1, 1949, the Central People's Government of the people's Republic of China was established in Beijing.
Beijing city not only gathers the world's five famous religions (Taoism, Buddhism, Islam, Christianity and Catholicism), but also has its own characteristics in architecture and culture. For example, in just a few kilometers on Chaofu Road, there are four religious buildings (Dongyue Temple, Dongsi mosque, longfu temple, Guangji temple, emperors' temple and Baita temple outside Chaoyang Gate). In Xuannan area of Beijing, the surrounding area with the memorial column of Beijing Jiancheng as the center, there are many famous activity places of the five religions. They are: Tianning Temple, Fayuan temple and Changchun Temple of Buddhism; baiyun temple of Taoism; Zhushikou Church of Christianity; Xuanwumen Church of Catholicism (South Hall); Niujie worship Temple of Islam; This kind of "religious and cultural area" is rare in the world's big cities, which embodies the Oriental "harmony" cultural atmosphere, the unique charm of Beijing's urban culture, and the great cohesion of the Chinese nation.
Beijing is an ancient capital for thousands of years. In history, because it has been at the intersection of the Central Plains and the northern nationalities for a long time, it has integrated the cultures, customs and languages of many nationalities. Over time, Beijing customs with local characteristics have emerged. For example, the Beijing temple fair, which integrates eating, drinking and playing.
The traditional festivals in Beijing are various in form and rich in content, which is an integral part of the long history and culture of the Chinese nation. From these popular festival customs, we can clearly see the wonderful picture of ancient people's social life. Special festivals include Longqingxia Ice Lantern Festival, Xiangshan red leaf Festival, Baiyunguan temple fair, Dongyue Temple Fair, etc.
北京，中華人民共和國首都、中央直轄市、中國國家中心城市，中國政治、文化、教育和國際交流中心，同時(shí)是中國經(jīng)濟(jì)金融的決策中心和管理中心。北京位于華北平原北端，東南與天津相連，其余為河北省所環(huán)繞。北京有著3000余年的建城史和850余年的建都史，是“中國四大古都”之一，具有一定的國際影響力，其最早見于文獻(xiàn)的名稱為“薊”。北京薈萃了自元明清以來的中華文化，擁有眾多名勝古跡和人文景觀，是全球擁有世界文化遺產(chǎn)最多的城市。北京也為華北地區(qū)降雨最多的地區(qū)之一。歷史悠久的國際高等大學(xué)北京大學(xué)、清華大學(xué)也坐落于北京。
北京是全球擁有世界遺產(chǎn)(6處)最多的城市，是全球首個(gè)擁有世界地質(zhì)公園的首都城市。北京旅游資源豐富，對外開放的旅游景點(diǎn)達(dá)200多處，有世界上最大的皇宮紫禁城、祭天神廟天壇、皇家花園北海、皇家園林頤和園和圓明園，還有八達(dá)嶺長城、慕田峪長城以及世界上最大的四合院恭王府等名勝古跡。全市共有文物古跡7309項(xiàng)，99處全國重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位(含長城和京杭大運(yùn)河的北京段)、326處市級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位、5處國家地質(zhì)公園、15處國家森林公園。世界文化遺產(chǎn)：故宮、長城、周口店北京人遺址、天壇、頤和園、明十三陵。世界地質(zhì)公園：北京房山世界地質(zhì)公園。國家級(jí)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)：八達(dá)嶺?十三陵、石花洞。中國歷史文化名街：國子監(jiān)街、煙袋斜街。中國歷史文化名鎮(zhèn)：密云縣古北口鎮(zhèn)。中國歷史文化名村。門頭溝區(qū)：齋堂鎮(zhèn)爨底下村、齋堂鎮(zhèn)靈水村、龍泉鎮(zhèn)琉璃渠村。
西周時(shí)成為周朝的諸侯國之一的燕國的都城。自金朝起成為古代中國首都中都。自元代起，開始成為全中國的首都。明朝自成祖后開始對北京進(jìn)行大規(guī)模擴(kuò)建，明朝時(shí)期北京成為第一個(gè)漢族王朝的首都。清朝在延續(xù)明北京城的基礎(chǔ)上又進(jìn)行了一些修繕和擴(kuò)建。至清末北京成為當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最大的城市。北京有著3000余年的建城史和859余年的建都史。自秦漢以來北京地區(qū)一直是中國北方的軍事和商業(yè)重鎮(zhèn)。1860年，英法聯(lián)軍打進(jìn)北京;1900年，八國聯(lián)軍再次打進(jìn)北京，美麗的北京城受到了非常嚴(yán)重的破壞和洗劫，大量文物被侵略軍和壞民劫掠。1911年辛亥革命后，民國元年1月1日，中華民國定都南京，同年3月遷都北京，直至民國十七年中國國民dang北伐軍攻占北京，張作霖?cái)』貣|北，北洋政府下臺(tái)。民國伊始，北京的地方體制仍依清制，稱順天府。
直至民國三年，改順天府為京兆地方，直轄于中央政府北洋政府。這一時(shí)期，北京新建了有軌電車系統(tǒng)，和一批現(xiàn)代的文化教育機(jī)構(gòu)，如清華大學(xué)、燕京大學(xué)、北京大學(xué)、輔仁大學(xué)、協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院等。1937年七七事變后，北平被日本占領(lǐng)。偽中華民國臨時(shí)政府在此成立，且將北平改名為北京。1945年8月21日，入侵北京的日本軍隊(duì)宣布投降，重新更名為北平。1949年1月31日，中國人民解放軍進(jìn)入北平市，實(shí)現(xiàn)對北京的解放。同年9月27日中國人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議第一屆全體會(huì)議通過《關(guān)于中華人民共 和國國都、紀(jì)年、國歌、國旗的決議》，北平更名為北京。1949年10月1日，中華人民共和國中央人民政府在北京宣告成立。
北京城不僅匯聚了世界上著名的五大宗教(道教、佛教、伊斯蘭教、基督_、天主教)，而且這五大宗教建筑和文化也各有特色。比如，現(xiàn)在我們行駛的朝阜路上，短短幾公里，就聚居了四個(gè)宗教(朝陽門外的東岳廟、東四清真寺、隆福寺、廣濟(jì)寺、歷代帝王廟、白塔寺)的建筑，而在北京宣南地區(qū)，以北京建城紀(jì)念柱為中心的周邊地區(qū)，可以說聚集了五大宗教的許多著名活動(dòng)場所。這些場所有：佛教的天寧寺、法源寺、長椿寺;道教的白云觀;基督_珠市口教堂;天主教宣武門教堂(南堂);伊斯蘭教牛街禮拜寺;這種“宗教文化區(qū)”在世界大城市中是罕見的，體現(xiàn)了東方“和”的文化氛圍，體現(xiàn)了北京城市文化的獨(dú)特魅力，體現(xiàn)了中華民族的偉大凝聚力。
北京是座千年古都，歷史上，因長期處于中原與北方民族的交匯處，故而曾融合了眾多民族的'文化、習(xí)俗與語言。久而久之，便產(chǎn)生出了富有本地特色的北京風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。例如集吃喝玩樂于一體的北京廟會(huì)等。
北京的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日形式多樣、內(nèi)容豐富，是中華民族悠久歷史文化的一個(gè)組成部分。從這些流傳至今的節(jié)日風(fēng)俗里，可以清晰地看到古代人民社會(huì)生活的精彩畫面。特色的節(jié)日如龍慶峽冰燈藝術(shù)節(jié)、香山紅葉節(jié)、白云觀廟會(huì)、東岳廟廟會(huì)等。
北京導(dǎo)游詞英語加翻譯2
Hello everyone! Welcome to Badaling scenic spot for sightseeing. I'm very glad to accompany you today. I hope you can have a good time in Badaling.
The Great Wall is a magnificent defensive building in ancient China. It starts from Shanhaiguan in the East and ends at Jiayuguan in the west, and runs across the north of China. Winding more than 12000 Li, it is famous for the "Great Wall". It was listed in the world cultural heritage list in 1987. It is called "the longest defensive wall in the world" by experts and scholars.
The first time that China built the Great Wall was in the spring and Autumn Period in the 7th century BC, and the earliest country to build the Great Wall was the state of Chu. The great wall of the state of Chu is called "Fangcheng" in historical records, with a length of nearly a thousand li. Qi was also one of the earliest states to build the Great Wall. The great wall of Qi started from Pingyin in Shandong Province in the West and entered the sea in the East. It is the most preserved site of the Great Wall in the spring and Autumn period.
Qin Shihuang was born in 220 BC__ After the unification of China in 1949, the old Great Wall in the north of Qin, Zhao and Yan was first repaired. At the cost of "building a city of thousands of miles and building a people of thousands of miles", he began to build the Great Wall, which is more than 7000 kilometers long, from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the East. Since then, the Great Wall has stood in the east of the world, experiencing thousands of years of wind, frost, rain and snow.
In the early Western Han Dynasty, in order to resist aggression and protect the newly developed "Silk Road". It has built a great wall of more than 10000 kilometers from Lop Nor in Xinjiang in the west to Liaodong in the East. This is also the longest Great Wall in the history of our country.
After the establishment of Ming Dynasty, it faced the threat of Mongolia and Jurchen. From the beginning of Zhu Yuanzhang, General Xu Da was sent north to build the Great Wall. Until the end of Ming Dynasty, it was overhauled 18 times, lasting more than 260 years. Until Hongzhi 20__ In, it was completed from the Yalu River in the east to Jiayuguan in the West. Through Liaoning, Hebei, Beijing, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu and other provinces and autonomous regions. The Great Wall is more than 12700 Li long. And along the Great Wall is divided into nine defense areas, known as "nine sides and nine towns". Moreover, in many important pass areas, especially in the north of Beijing City, multiple walls were built. These are the Badaling Great Wall we see now.
The scale of the Great Wall built in the Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties is the largest compared with other dynasties. So the three construction climaxes in history are the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty.
Now, let me introduce the Badaling Great Wall. Badaling Great Wall is located in Yanqing County, northwest of Beijing. It is the best preserved section of the Great Wall in Beijing with the best engineering quality and the most rigorous structure. This section of the great wall takes the urn city as the center, reaching the seventh floor in the South and the twelfth floor in the north, with a total length of 4770 meters. It is the only channel leading to the outside of the Great Wall in Beijing area and the front position of Juyongguan. From here, you can reach Yongning and Sihai in the East, Xuanhua and Datong in the west, Jingcheng in the south, Yanqing in the north and Badaling in all directions. Badaling pass was built in 1520__ The city is 7.5 meters high and 4 meters thick. There is a plaque on each of the East and West gates, with "Juyong Wai Town" in the East and "north gate lock key" in the West. At the entrance of Guancheng, there is a cannon with a length of 2.85 meters and a caliber of 10.5 cm, which is called "Shenwei general". Now let's look at the wall of the Great Wall in Badaling. This section of the city wall is about 5.8 meters narrow at the top and 6.5 meters wide at the bottom. It consists of four basic structures. 1、 City wall, two, city tower, three, pass, four, beacon tower. There is a ticket door in the wall and a stone ladder in the middle. The top can hold 5 horses in parallel. Beacon tower is also known as beacon, beacon, wolf Yantai. It is independent of the city wall, almost every other mile there is a, composed of the Great Wall defense alarm system.
Whenever enemy troops invade, the beacon towers burn beacon fires to convey military information. Burning smoke during the day is called beacon. At night a fire is called a flint. And because wolf dung is often used as fuel, the smoke is high and hard to dissipate, so it is also called "wolf smoke". Moreover, it was stipulated in the Ming Dynasty. More than 100 of the invading soldiers lit a cigarette and fired a gun, about 500 soldiers fired two cigarettes and two guns, more than 1000 soldiers fired three cigarettes and three guns, more than 5000 soldiers fired four cigarettes and four guns, if more than 10000 soldiers were involved, five cigarettes and five guns.
From Badaling to the south is the famous Xiongguan, Juyong Pass. Juyong Pass is one of the most famous passes of the great wall and an important barrier to the northwest of ancient Beijing. It got its name from Qin Shihuang's construction of the Great Wall. That is to say, the prisoners and the people who have been punished in the palace are caught here to let them build the Great Wall. And lived. Juyongguan was called juyongsai in Han Dynasty and junduguan in Sui Dynasty. When it was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, it became the strongest section of the Ming Great Wall. There are both military headquarters and administrative organizations here. Juyong Pass in ancient times was also lush with extraordinary scenery. Juyong jucui, one of the eight famous scenic spots in Yanjing, refers to this place. In addition, there are many places of interest, such as Yang LIULANG's Shuanmazhuang, Mu Guiying's dianjiangtai, and baifengzhong, where dragons and phoenixes play. Not only that, but also Juyong Guanzhong has a white jade platform, called Yuntai, which was built in 1345. Because there were three Tibetan pagodas built on the stage and the coupons under the stage, it was originally called "crossing the street pagoda". In the early Ming Dynasty, the pagoda was destroyed, and then the Tai'an temple was built. In the early Qing Dynasty, the temple was destroyed again, and now there are only pillar bases and watchposts. There are also six kinds of seal cutting scriptures in Sanskrit, Tibetan and basiba on the inner wall, which are important objects for studying ancient Chinese characters.
Having said so much, let me tell you a story to relax. The name of the story is called "Meng Jiangnu crying the Great Wall". It's about Qin Shihuang building the Great Wall. At that time, in order to speed up the project, it began to draw civil servants from all over the country. Meng Jiangnu's husband, fan Qiliang, was also transferred to build the Great Wall soon after her wedding.
In the twinkling of an eye, three years later, fan Qiliang never heard from him. Meng Jiangnu couldn't eat well and sleep well. Suddenly, one night. Meng Jiangnu had a dream that her husband was hungry and cold, and his clothes didn't cover her body. She kept shouting "I'm cold, I'm hungry!" Meng Jiangnu woke up and decided to go to her husband, and brought him dry food and warm clothes. All the way along the Great Wall in search of his husband. She went to Shanhaiguan to find out that many people had died to build the Great Wall. Her husband, fan Qiliang, was also tired to death and buried under the Great Wall. This news is like a bolt from the blue, Meng Jiangnu immediately began to cry, crying earth shaking, sections of the great wall collapsed, eight hundred miles long. Now the project manager was in a hurry to report to Qin Shihuang who was coming here to inspect the progress of the project. The first emperor of Qin sent someone to arrest Meng Jiangnu to find out the reason. After seeing her, Qin Shihuang was fascinated by her beauty and insisted on calling her "empress Zhenggong". Although Meng Jiangnu was full of anger, she still held down her hatred and had an idea. She had to ask Qin Shihuang to agree to her three conditions before she could become the "Empress of the palace". The first is to find the body of his husband fan Qiliang; the second is to hold a state funeral for his husband; and the third is to ask the first emperor of Qin to wear mourning and flag for fan Qiliang. After listening to the three conditions proposed by Meng Jiangnu, the first emperor of Qin thought for a moment. In order to get the beautiful Meng Jiangnu, he insisted. Meng Jiangnu, wearing filial piety, paid homage to the tomb of fan Zhaliang, who died for the construction of the city. Her long cherished wish was fulfilled. Facing the rolling Bohai Sea, she jumped up and threw herself into the sea.
At the end of the story, do you think Qin Shihuang is fatuous and overbearing? Let's ignore him first. Start climbing the great wall and be a hero!!
大家好!歡迎大家到八達(dá)嶺景區(qū)觀光旅游。今天有幸陪同大家一起參觀，我很高興，希望各位能在八達(dá)嶺度過一段美好的時(shí)光。
長城是我們古代一項(xiàng)極為雄偉的防御性建筑，它東起山海關(guān)，西至嘉峪關(guān)，橫貫我國北部。婉蜒一萬兩千多里，故以“萬里長城”聞名于世。并于1987年被列入《世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄》。被專家學(xué)者們稱為“世界上最長的防御性城墻”。
中國最早修建長城是在公元前7世紀(jì)的春秋時(shí)期，最早修筑長城的國家是楚國。楚國長城在歷史文獻(xiàn)記載上稱作“方城”，長度近千里。齊國也是諸侯國中修筑長城較早的國家，齊長城西起山東平陰，東入大海。是春秋時(shí)期長城中遺址保存最多的。
秦始皇于公元前220__年統(tǒng)一中國后，先修繕了秦、趙、燕三國北部的部分舊長城。并開始以“修萬里城，筑萬里人”的代價(jià)修建西起臨洮、東到遼東，長達(dá)7000多千米的長城。從此萬里長城巍然屹立于世界的東方，經(jīng)歷千百年的風(fēng)霜雨雪。
西漢初期，為了抵御侵略和保護(hù)新開發(fā)的“絲綢之路”。修筑了西起新疆羅布泊，東到遼東，長達(dá)一萬多千米的長城。這也是我國歷史上最長的一條長城。
明朝建立后，面對蒙古和女真的威脅。從朱元璋開始就派大將徐達(dá)北上修筑長城。直到明朝滅亡，先后大修十八次，歷時(shí)260余年。直到弘治20__年，才完成了東起鴨綠江邊，西到嘉峪關(guān)。途經(jīng)遼寧、河北、北京、山西、陜西、內(nèi)蒙古、寧夏、甘肅等省市自治區(qū)。全長12700多里的長城。并把長城沿線劃分為九個(gè)防御區(qū)域，稱為“九邊九鎮(zhèn)”。而且還在許多重要關(guān)隘地區(qū)，特別是北京城的北面，修筑了多重城墻。這些就是我們現(xiàn)在所看到的八達(dá)嶺長城了。
秦、漢、明三朝在歷史上修筑長城的規(guī)模，相比其他朝代來講是最大的。所以說在歷史上的三次修筑高潮就是秦朝、漢朝、明朝。
現(xiàn)在，我就來介紹一下八達(dá)嶺長城。八達(dá)嶺長城位于北京西北部的延慶縣，是北京地區(qū)長城中保存最完好，工程質(zhì)量最佳，結(jié)構(gòu)最嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)囊欢?。這段長城以甕城為中心，南至七樓，北到十二樓，全長4770米。它是北京地區(qū)通向塞外的唯一通道，是居庸關(guān)的前沿陣地。由此地東可到永寧、四海，西可到宣化、大同，南可抵京城，北可通延慶，四通八達(dá)，所以叫做八達(dá)嶺。八達(dá)嶺關(guān)城建于1520__年，城高7.5米，厚4米。東西兩門各有一塊牌匾，東為 “居庸外鎮(zhèn)”，西為“北門鎖鑰”。關(guān)城入口處有一尊長2.85米，口徑10.5厘米的大炮名叫“神威大將軍”?，F(xiàn)在請大家看八達(dá)嶺這段長城的城墻。這段城墻上窄下寬，上窄約5.8米，下寬約6.5米。分別由四種基本構(gòu)造構(gòu)成。一、城墻，二、城臺(tái)，三、關(guān)隘，四、烽火臺(tái)。墻內(nèi)有券門，中間有石梯相連。頂部可容5匹馬并行。烽火臺(tái)又稱烽堠、烽燧、狼煙臺(tái)。它獨(dú)立于城墻之外，幾乎每隔一里就有一座，組成了萬里長城的防御報(bào)警系統(tǒng)。
每當(dāng)有敵兵進(jìn)犯的時(shí)候，烽火臺(tái)就燃烽火，傳遞軍情。白天燃煙稱烽。夜晚舉火稱燧。又因?yàn)榻?jīng)常用狼糞做燃料，煙飄的高又不易消散，所以也叫做“狼煙”。而且，在明朝規(guī)定。來犯敵兵百余人點(diǎn)一煙放一炮，五百人左右兩煙兩炮，千余人以上三煙三炮，五千人以上四煙四炮，如果事萬人以上，五煙五炮。
從八達(dá)嶺一直向南，就是著名的雄關(guān)——居庸關(guān)了。居庸關(guān)是萬里長城最有名的關(guān)隘之一，為古代北京西北的重要屏障。以秦始皇修長城“徙居庸徒于此”而得名。也就是說把囚犯、和受過宮刑的人，抓到這里來讓他們修長城。并且居住了下來。居庸關(guān)在漢朝時(shí)叫居庸塞，隋朝叫軍都關(guān)。到了明朝重新修筑后，成了明長城中最堅(jiān)固的一段。這里既有軍事指揮部、又有行政管理機(jī)構(gòu)。古時(shí)的居庸關(guān)同樣林木蔥郁，景致非凡，著名的燕京八景之一“居庸疊翠”指的就是這里了。除此之外還有許多名勝古跡，象楊六郎的栓馬樁、穆桂英的點(diǎn)將臺(tái)、游龍戲鳳的白鳳冢等七十二處名勝。不但如此，而且居庸關(guān)中還有一座始建于1345年的漢白玉高臺(tái)，人稱云臺(tái)。因臺(tái)上曾建有3座藏式佛塔，臺(tái)下為券門，故原稱“過街塔”。明初佛塔被毀，后又建泰安寺。清朝前期，寺又被毀，現(xiàn)僅有柱礎(chǔ)和望柱。內(nèi)壁還留有用梵文、藏文、八思巴文等6種文字篆刻的經(jīng)文，是研究我國古代文字的重要實(shí)物。
說了這么多了，下面我給大家講一個(gè)故事來放松一下。故事的名字呢就叫做“孟姜女哭長城”。說的是秦始皇修筑長城的事。當(dāng)時(shí)為了加快工程速度，又開始在全國各地抽調(diào)民夫。孟姜女的丈夫范杞梁在新婚不久，也被抽調(diào)去充當(dāng)修長城的民夫了。
轉(zhuǎn)眼三年過去了，范杞梁杳無音信，急得孟姜女吃不好睡不香。突然，有一天夜里。孟姜女做夢，夢到他的丈夫饑寒交迫，衣不遮體，還不停的喊“我冷啊，我餓呀!”孟姜女驚醒后決定去找丈夫，并給他帶上了干糧和御寒的衣服。一路沿著長城尋找他的丈夫。她四處打聽，走到山海關(guān)才知道，為修長城死了很多人，丈夫范杞梁也被累死了，并埋在長城下，尸骨都找不到。這一消息如同晴天霹靂，孟姜女頓時(shí)就傷心地痛哭起來，哭得驚天動(dòng)地，長城一段段的倒塌，足有八百里長。這下可急壞了工程總管，急忙去報(bào)告正來此巡查工程進(jìn)展的秦始皇。秦始皇趕忙派人把孟姜女抓來尋問根由。當(dāng)見到之后，秦始皇卻被她的美貌迷住了，非要封她為"正宮娘娘"。孟姜女雖然怒火滿腔，但還是壓住心頭仇恨，靈機(jī)一動(dòng)，將計(jì)就計(jì)地非要秦始皇答應(yīng)她三個(gè)條件，之后才能當(dāng)"正宮娘娘"。一要找到丈夫范杞梁的尸體;二要為其丈夫舉行國葬;三要秦始皇為范杞梁披麻戴孝、打幡送葬。秦始皇聽罷孟姜女提的三個(gè)條件，思索片刻，為了得到貌美如花的孟姜女，便硬著頭皮答應(yīng)下來，孟姜女戴著孝拜了為筑城而死的范札梁墳?zāi)购螅拊敢褍?，面對滾滾的渤海，縱身一躍，投海自盡了。
故事講完了，大家覺得秦始皇是不是昏庸霸道?咱們先不管他怎么樣。開始登長城做好漢吧!!
北京導(dǎo)游詞英語加翻譯3
Beijing, formerly known as Peking, was the capital of the Yuan Dynasty as early as 1271. Hundreds of years later, Beijing, as the imperial capital, is now more prosperous.
People who come to Beijing for the first time by train will feel that the railway station is very busy and the bus is very convenient. It is said that the bus in Beijing has the longest bus length and the most bus routes in China. But because traffic jams are frequent, it is not the best choice to travel in Beijing by bus. Beijing's subway line through the city underground, as many as a dozen, there is no traffic jam, is the preferred way of travel for the vast majority of people.
In Beijing, the most worry is playing. There are many scenic spots in Beijing, such as Tiananmen Square, the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, the summer palace, Xiangshan, Happy Valley, the zoo, Yonghe palace, Prince Gong's mansion, the temple of heaven, the temple of earth, Lugou Bridge, the China World Monument, the new site of CCTV, and so on. When I come to Beijing for the first time, it is estimated that it will take me a month to enjoy all these scenic spots. In other cities, it may cost a lot of money to visit places of interest, but in Beijing, it's not expensive. For example, in the peak season of Badaling, it's 45 yuan, in the zoo, it's 50 yuan, and half price for students. Tiananmen Square, China Century Monument and other attractions are free of charge. Although admission fees for scenic spots are not high, accommodation in Beijing is very expensive. Generally, the price of a small hotel is tens of yuan a night, that of a slightly larger hotel is more than 100 yuan, and that of a standard room in a medium-sized hotel is about 200-300 yuan. If you want to stay in Beijing for a few more days, you'd better go together and rent a short-term suite in advance, which can save a lot of money.
北京原名北平，早在公元1271年，元朝就定都于此，幾百年過去了，身為帝都的北京如今更加的繁華。
坐火車初次來來北京的人，都會(huì)覺得火車站很熱鬧，公交很便捷。據(jù)說北京的公交是我國城市公交車車長最長的，公交線路最多的，但因?yàn)槎萝囀菚r(shí)經(jīng)常的事，所以在北京出行坐公交并不是最佳的選擇。北京的地鐵線貫通城市地下，多達(dá)十幾條，還沒有堵車的困擾，是絕大多數(shù)人首選的出行方式。
在北京，最不愁的就是玩。北京的景點(diǎn)很多，如天安門、長城、故宮、頤和園、香山、歡樂谷、動(dòng)物園、雍和宮、恭王府、天壇、地壇、盧溝橋、中華世界壇、中央電視臺(tái)新址，等等。初次來到北京，要想把這些景點(diǎn)都盡興的游覽一遍，估計(jì)需要一個(gè)月的時(shí)間。游覽名勝古跡，在其他的城市門票可能是筆不小的花費(fèi)，但在北京門票并不算貴，像八達(dá)嶺門票旺季45元，動(dòng)物園50元，學(xué)生半價(jià);天安門、中華世紀(jì)壇等景點(diǎn)還是免費(fèi)進(jìn)入的。景點(diǎn)門票雖然收費(fèi)不高，但寸土寸金的北京住宿卻很貴。一般的小旅社價(jià)格要幾十元一晚，稍微大一點(diǎn)的賓館價(jià)格要一百多元，中等酒店賓館的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間價(jià)格要在二百到三百元左右。建議去北京游玩的人們，如果想多留幾天最好結(jié)伴而行，事先租好短期租用的套房，這樣可以省下不少錢。
北京導(dǎo)游詞英語加翻譯4
Beijing, the ancient capital of Six Dynasties in China, has a long history and a relatively complete architectural pattern. Beijing, the capital of the people's Republic of China, is the center of China's politics, culture and international exchanges. Therefore, Beijing has a rich and colorful ancient and modern cultural landscape and profound cultural heritage.
Beijing covers an area of 16807.8 square kilometers, with Jundu mountain in the north and Xishan Mountain in the West. Dongling Mountain at the junction of Hebei Province is 2303 meters above sea level, the highest peak in Beijing. There are Miyun reservoir, Huairou reservoir and Ming Tombs Reservoir in the territory; there are five other rivers, namely Chaobai River, Beiyunhe River, Yongding River, Juma River and Tanghe River.
Beijing's climate is temperate continental monsoon climate with distinct seasons: a little sandstorm in spring and low temperature. Summer is hot with showers. In autumn, the weather is sunny, mild and crisp, which is the golden season for tourism; but in late autumn, it is cooler in the morning and evening, and hot at noon. In winter, the climate is dry and cold with less snow.
When you come to Beijing for sightseeing, you can't miss the snacks with Beijing characteristics and the famous food with a long history. Famous dishes include Beijing roast duck, instant boiled mutton and court dishes.
Beijing's specialties are: Wang Mazi scissors, Angong Niuhuang Pill, Qiuli paste, preserved fruit, Poria cocos cake, Liubiju pickles. Local products are: Jingbai pear, Gaishi, Liangxiang chestnut, hawthorn, walnut, Miyun jujube, apricot.
北京,是中國六朝古都,歷史源遠(yuǎn)流長,保存著較為完整的古代建筑格局。北京,是中華人民共和國的首都,簡稱京,是中國的政治、文化和國際交往的中心,由此北京有著豐富多彩的古代、現(xiàn)代的人文景觀,有著博大精深的文化底蘊(yùn)。
北京全市面積16807.8平方公里,在北面有軍都山,西面有西山,與河北交界的東靈山海拔2303米是北京市的最高峰。境內(nèi)有密云水庫、懷柔水庫和十三陵水庫;其他還有潮白河、北運(yùn)河、永定河、拒馬河和湯河五大河。
北京的氣候?qū)儆跍貛Т箨懶约撅L(fēng)性氣候,季節(jié)分明:春季略有風(fēng)沙,氣溫偏低。夏季炎熱,有陣雨。秋季天氣晴朗、溫和,天高氣爽,是旅游的黃金季節(jié);但深秋早晚較涼,中午較熱。冬季氣候干燥、寒冷,雪較少。
來北京觀光旅游不能錯(cuò)過具有北京特色的風(fēng)味小吃和悠久歷史的名吃。名吃有北京烤鴨、涮羊肉、宮廷菜。
北京的特產(chǎn)有:王麻子刀剪、安宮牛黃丸、秋梨膏、果脯蜜餞、茯苓夾餅、六必居醬菜。土產(chǎn)有:京白梨、蓋柿、良鄉(xiāng)板栗、山楂、核桃、密云小棗、杏。
北京導(dǎo)游詞英語加翻譯5
Beijing is a national historical and cultural city with a history of 3000 years. Beijing used to be the capital of Six Dynasties in history. In more than 2000 years since the state of Yan, many magnificent palace buildings have been built, making Beijing the city with the largest number of imperial palaces, gardens, temples and tombs and the richest content in China. Among them, the Imperial Palace in Beijing was called the Imperial Palace in the Ming Dynasty and the Forbidden City in the Qing Dynasty. It used to be the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and lived in 24 emperors. The magnificent buildings perfectly reflect the traditional Chinese classical style and Oriental style. It is the largest existing palace in China and even the world, and is a precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. The temple of heaven is famous both at home and abroad for its reasonable layout and exquisite construction
Siheyuan is the general name of the traditional northern houses with the main house, inverted seat house and east-west wing house around the middle courtyard. Beijing siheyuan, originated from the courtyard style houses of Yuan Dynasty, is the most important residential building in old Beijing. The narrow alleys between the green tile and grey brick quadrangles are the famous old Beijing Hutong.
The religious temples in Beijing are all over the capital. The existing famous ones are: Fayuan temple, Tanzhe Temple, Jietai Temple, Yunju temple, Badachu temple, etc. The White Cloud View of Taoism. Beijing Niujie worship Temple of Islam, etc. Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism), such as the Yonghe temple, the Catholic Xishiku Catholic Church, Wangfujing Catholic Church, etc. There are many Christian churches, such as gangwa city church and Chongwenmen church.
The central axis of Beijing refers to the central axis of Beijing in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The urban planning of Beijing has the characteristics of symmetry with the palace city as the center. The central axis of Beijing starts from Yongdingmen in the South and ends at Zhonggulou in the north, about 7.8 km long. From south to north are Yongdingmen, Qianmen Jianlou, Zhengyangmen, Zhonghuamen, Tiananmen, Duanmen, Wumen, Forbidden City, shenwumen, Jingshan, Di'anmen, houmenqiao, Gulou and bell tower. From Yongdingmen, the south end of the central axis, there are Tiantan, xiannongtan, Taimiao, sheji altar, Donghuamen, xihuamen, Andingmen and Deshengmen, which are symmetrically distributed along the central axis. Mr. Liang Sicheng, a famous Chinese architect, once said: "the unique magnificent order of Beijing is produced by the establishment of this central axis." Yongdingmen, Zhonghuamen and Di'anmen were demolished after the founding of the people's Republic of China. In recent years, Yongdingmen tower has been rebuilt.
北京是有著三千年歷史的國家歷史文化名城。北京在歷史上曾為六朝都城，在從燕國起的2000多年里，建造了許多宏偉壯麗的宮廷建筑，使北京成為中國擁有帝王宮殿、園林、廟壇和陵墓數(shù)量最多，內(nèi)容最豐富的城市。其中北京故宮，明朝時(shí)叫大內(nèi)宮城，清朝時(shí)叫紫禁城，這里原為明、清兩代的皇宮，住過24個(gè)皇帝，建筑宏偉壯觀，完美地體現(xiàn)了中國傳統(tǒng)的古典風(fēng)格和東方格調(diào)，是中國乃至全世界現(xiàn)存最大的宮殿，是中華民族寶貴的文化遺產(chǎn)。天壇以其布局合理、構(gòu)筑精妙而揚(yáng)名中外，是明、清兩代皇帝“祭天”
四合院是以正房、倒座房、東西廂房圍繞中間庭院形成平面布局的北方傳統(tǒng)住宅的統(tǒng)稱。北京四合院源于元代院落式民居，是老北京城最主要的民居建筑。一座座青瓦灰磚的四合院之間形成的窄巷，就是著名的老北京胡同。
北京的宗教寺廟遍布京城，現(xiàn)存著名的有：佛教的法源寺、潭柘寺、戒臺(tái)寺、云居寺、八大處等。道教的白云觀等。伊斯蘭教的北京牛街禮拜寺等。藏傳佛教(喇嘛教)的雍和宮等，天主教西什庫天主堂、王府井天主堂等?；絖的缸瓦市教堂、崇文門教堂等。
北京中軸線是指元、明、清時(shí)的北京城的中軸線，北京的城市規(guī)劃具有以宮城為中心左右對稱的特點(diǎn)。北京的中軸線南起永定門，北至鐘鼓樓，長約7.8公里。從南往北依次為，永定門，前門箭樓，正陽門，中華門，天安門， 端門，午門，紫禁城，神武門，景山，地安門，后門橋，鼓樓和鐘樓。從這條中軸線的南端永定門起，就有天壇、先農(nóng)壇;太廟、社稷壇;東華門、西華門;安定門，德勝門以中軸線為軸對稱分布。中國著名建筑大師梁思成先生曾經(jīng)說：“北京的獨(dú)有的壯美秩序就由這條中軸線的建立而產(chǎn)生。” 永定門、中華門、地安門都在中華人民共和國成立后被拆毀，而近年來又重新修建了永定門城樓。
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北京導(dǎo)游詞英語加翻譯
