關(guān)于貝多芬的英文簡介
關(guān)于貝多芬的英文簡介
路德維希·凡·貝多芬，偉大的德國作曲家、維也納古典樂派代表人物之一，下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理的關(guān)于貝多芬的英文簡介，希望對你有用!
路德維希·凡·貝多芬簡介
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) A great German composer, one of the representatives of the classical musicians in Vienna, plays a decisive role in the development of world music (from the classical period to the romantic period) Role, known by the world as "music Saint".
貝多芬生平介紹
Beethoven was born on December 16, 1770 in the Rhine River from France not far from the town - Bonn. He was born in the Flemish family, a family of music. His grandfather called Rutwick, the head of the band of the Bonn Palace Orchestra, whose father was an alcoholic tenor. His mother is a maid, a cook's daughter. Beethoven has revealed his musical talent since childhood, his father eager to train him as a prodigy like Mozart, from an early age put him and the violin at home, or forced to practice next day in the harpsichord. At the age of eight, he began to perform at the concert and try to compose music, but his music education during this period has been very messy and unorganized.
At the age of twelve, he was able to play freely and served as assistant to the organist Niefe (Christian Gottlob Neefe, 1748-1798). At that time he began to learn music with Nie Fei. Nie Fei is a multi-faceted musician, he expanded Beethoven's artistic vision, so that Beethoven familiar with the German classical art of some excellent examples, and to consolidate Beethoven's understanding of the purpose of lofty. Beethoven's formal learning and systematic upbringing, in fact, began with the intensive teaching and training of Nie Fei: Nie Fei also led him to teach Mozart in Vienna in 1787. Mozart after listening to his performance, it is predicted that one day Beethoven will shake the whole world. Beethoven arrived in Vienna shortly after the death of his mother, he had to immediately back to Bonn. As a result of the family's drag, until the fall of 1792 his father died, he came to Vienna for the second time, but then Mozart is no longer alive. Beethoven came to Vienna for the second time and quickly won the title of the most outstanding performer in Vienna (especially improvisation). Later, he studied with Joseph Haydn (1732-1809), and later with Schenck, Johann Albrechtsberger (1736-1809) and Antonio Salieri (Antonio Salieri , 1750-1825) and others to learn. He was in Bonn through contacts with the intellectuals of Browning, access to many well-known professors, writers and musicians, and from them, by the "hurricane" trend of influence. His democratic ideology was mature in the years before the French Revolution, but grew rapidly in the revolutionary era. Known as the music giant.
The ideology of the French bourgeois revolution in 1789 gave him a lot of inspiration, thus laying his world of humanism. Convinced that human equality, the pursuit of justice and freedom of personality, hate feudal autocratic oppression. Although the three classical composers of Vienna in the life of the famous composer is quite close, but Beethoven's ideas with Haydn and Mozart is clearly not the same "era." Haydn was insulted, but he was occasionally irritated, but always submissive, when the progressive literary trends and revolutionary emotions are rarely make him excited, his music and the struggle is always insulated. Mozart's spirit is not less than Haydn, he is brave to resist, prefer poverty and can not tolerate the insult of the archbishop, but in his music, from that full of sunshine and youthful joy behind, often can still feel a trace Pain, depression and sadness. Only Beethoven, he is not only angry against the feudal system of autocracy, and with his music called for people to fight for freedom and happiness. Beethoven's creation in the Bonn period (1782-1792), mostly small piano pieces, ensemble and song, etc., this period can be said that he is only in the creative preparation phase. In his first decade of the creation of Vienna (1792-1802), the most famous works are "Sorrowful", "Moonlight" piano sonata and "Crowe" violin sonatas and the third piano concerto. But during this period, he has a further understanding of social and political issues, but also aware of his efforts to explore the goal. 1802 - 1812, his creation into the mature period, this time later became his "heroic age."
The mature process of Beethoven's creative activity appears to be rather slow, but it is actually very solid. When he was thirty when he began to write the first symphony, and in such a age of Mozart has written about forty symphonies.
Beethoven's life is very bumpy, and he was deaf in his later years; he began to feel awakened from the age of 26 in 1796, but until 1801, when he was sure that his ear was unable to heal, he told him this matter friend. But his love of art and love for life overcame his personal suffering and despair - suffering became the source of his creative power. In such a spiritual crisis to the peak of the time, Beethoven with strong will to overcome the difficulties he began to create his optimism of the third "hero" symphony. "Hero" symphony marks the spirit of Beethoven's turn for the better, but also marks the creation of his "heroic age" of the beginning.
Beethoven's later stage in Vienna, because of Europe is experiencing a serious political reactionary period, that Metternich's reactionary rule is particularly rampant period, his creation is also showing a temporary decline (1813-1817). From 1818 onwards, in the last ten years of Beethoven's life (1818-1827), he was created with giant perseverance in the case of deafness in his ears, deterioration of health and poverty and spiritual torture, Ninth "Chorus" Symphony ", summed up his glorious, epic life and show the good wishes of mankind.
Beethoven died in Vienna on March 26, 1827. He did not have a loved one beside him, but at the time of the burial on the same month he formed a wave of mass. All the schools were suspended for mourning and twenty thousand The mass escorted his coffin, and his tombstone was engraved with the inscription of the Austrian poet Grayl Patch (1791-1872): "When you stand in front of his coffin, Mourning, but a lofty affection; we only have such a talent for him to say: he has done a great cause ...
Beethoven is one of the great composers in the history of world art. His creation embodies his giants' character, reflecting the progressive thoughts of that era. His revolutionary heroic image can be used "through suffering - to joy; Through the struggle - to win "to be summarized. His works are both magnificent and very simple and clear, his music content is rich, but also easy for the audience to understand and accept. Beethoven's music embodies the pain and joy of the people of that era, the struggle and the victory, so it has always inspired people, encouraged people's morale, even now makes people feel kind and encouraged.
Beethoven's "Symphony No.9", "Fifth Symphony of Destiny", "Symphony of the Sixth Pastoral", "Third, Fourth, Fifth Piano Concerto", "Moonlight", "Sorrowful Piano Sonata "," solemn mass "," fate "and so on, these are rid of classicalism, show freedom, passionate and beautiful movement.
Therefore, Beethoven vowed never to give up the music Beethoven's career Beethoven's growth era, it was Joseph II's "enlightened autocratic" period, the Bonn rulers also implemented some improvement measures. Bonn became one of the centers of the German Enlightenment.
Beethoven was born and began his struggle with fate. His father would like to open up his musical talent, always regarded him as a child prodigy everywhere to show off. At the age of four, the father let him sit in the piano all day (the piano is a form and organization similar to the instrument of the piano, before the piano appeared in a keyboard instrument), or put him and a violin Together in a room. His father always forced him to learn with violence. At the age of eleven, Beethoven joined the theater band. At the age of thirteen, he became a great organist. He was not sorry for music, it was very lucky.
From 1781 onwards, Beethoven at work in the theater at the same time, with the band command Naifu learn Bach's "average law piano" and composing method. Nefer is a composer who is very cultivated and tends to be an enlightened conductor, and he has contributed to the development of German national opera and opera. Beethoven, by learning from the teacher, recognized the importance of studying the German national music tradition and under the guidance of the Nuffai also accepted the influence of the Enlightenment, the German progressive literature had a keen interest.
Beethoven as a pianist has the skill to all people have left a deep impression. He is not only a successful performer, but also a good teacher. He soon became a prolific composer. His works are popular and twenty-five or six years old can be easily sold to publishers.
Beethoven had a harbinger of deafness near the beginning of the year, and the young composer was uneasy about the ominous omen, which was conceivable. For a time he thought of suicide. Beethoven kept writing a lot of music. But with the passage of time, he was the music audience loved music attention is diminishing. But he is constantly successful. Beethoven was almost deaf when he was 50 years old. The results he no longer on stage performances, and even become more lonely quirks. He is not as productive as he used to be, and the work gives a sense of torture. At that time he was mainly for himself and some ideal future audience and composer. It is said that he had told a critic that his work "was not created for you but for the future generation."
If the most talented composer of the time and space is full of deafness, it is better to say that it is one of the most ruthless mockery of fate; if Beethoven, despite the pain of deafness, continue with a superhuman perseverance To ensure the quality of the work, then this is an inspiring, almost incredible achievements. But the fact is more unexpected than imagined: in fact Beethoven in the complete deaf years, the music to write out of his early works of the standard. Most people think that his work in his later years is the greatest masterpiece of his life. He died in Vienna in 1827, 57 years old.
Beethoven created a large number of works, including nine symphonies, 32 piano sonatas, five piano concerto, ten piano violin sonata, a series of string quartet, sound music, opera, and many other music. But compared with the number of his many songs, more importantly, its quality. His work to the perfect imagination and unrestrained feelings organically integrated. Beethoven uses his own playing to keep people's chord, and they never think that instrumental music is a secondary art.
Beethoven is a rather creative composer, and many of the changes he has brought to the music have produced the effect of immortality. He expanded the size of the orchestra, increased the length of the symphony, and expanded their fields. He proved that the piano has a very wide range of uses, making it a first-class instrument to make a contribution. Beethoven represents the transition from classical to romantic. His work brings inspiration to many romantic songs.
Beethoven has a great influence on many of the later composers, including various styles of people such as Brahms, Wagner, Schubert and Chukovsky. He also opened the way for many people, such as Berlioz, Gustav Mahler, Strauss and so on.
Although John Sebastian Bach is almost famous with him, but Beethoven's music than Bach's music has a wider range, the number of more listeners, and Beethoven made many innovations than Bach's works on Later music development has a more profound impact.
Beethoven's symphony works more by the use of extended sonata form, his creative ideas broad, magnificent, deep thinking, image contrast, rich and varied, in the processing of the song have reached the overall unity of the work in the creation of the In the original symphony in the third movement of the small step dance into a scherzo, the opera in the world of contradictions and conflicts through the struggle to win the dramatic performance techniques applied to the symphony, in the ninth symphony even joined the chorus , Expanded the performance of the symphony and the atmosphere. In addition, in the creation of the symphony, Beethoven made bold innovation in the staircase, to establish the status of the clarinet in the band, in the ninth symphony in the use of four trombone, etc., formed a novel style, A new field, with this innovative form of music to fully express his inner world, reflecting the progress of society at that time, the European classical music to the development of the highest peak, creating a 19th century European romantic music Precedent.
But Beethoven's last years were the most tragic and painful years of his life, and the threat of loneliness and poverty made him troubled and alone, and died in Vienna on 26 March 1827. It is said that in his dying moment, the storm thunder and lightning, Beethoven raised his dry arm to the sky for the final blow. This life is endless fighting spirit, all focused on his immortal masterpiece.
Beethoven is one of the greatest creators of human art. On the one hand, he has a remarkable musical talent, hot rebellious temperament and giant strong character; the other hand, his indomitable will and the sense of responsibility of society and the noble ideas, the formation of his special quality as a musician. Through his own creation, especially in his nine symphonies, he reflected the great movement of the people and the most progressive thought of that era. He wrote a series of symphonic works by profound philosophical and touching artistic images of the times and the fate of the individual, showing the rise from struggle to victory, from darkness to light, from suffering to happiness to the bourgeoisie Period of the spiritual process, his nine symphonies like pearls always glittering.
Beethoven has the spirit of rebellion and freedom of advocacy. In 1807, Beethoven lived in the Duke of Liqinovsky, Vienna. One day, the Duke's family came to a large number of guests, they were at that time Napoleon stationed in Vienna, the French officer. The Duke wanted to invite the guests to listen to music and send someone to Beethoven, but did not explain the situation to Beethoven. Beethoven is unknown, with his new written "warm" sonata happily came. Into the living room to see, was actually a bunch of occupation forces, Beethoven immediately refused the request of the Duke, the Duke angry, even the plate from the face of Beethoven played the order, Beethoven for Li Xunovsky's shameless sellers Act angrily to the extreme, he ignores the torrential rain in the night to pick up the score and leave, and the Duke to send him a statue before the fall of a crushed.
The next day the Duke received a letter from the duke, and the status of the duke was born with the occasional birth, and the reason why I became Beethoven was all about me. The Duke now has plenty, and the future is Beethoven is always only one! "Perhaps the actual situation than the information contained in the more violent, but Beethoven's friends try to cover up the past. In the Wegler database, "Wegler and Brewer's family friend Beethoven" had a letter from Reese to Weigler on December 28, 1837, saying, "If there is no Earl of Oppsdorf and others present , Be afraid that the fighting will inevitably occur, Beethoven has raised a chair ready to Ricky Novsky Prince of the head of the blow, because Beethoven hiding in the room tied to the door, the prince opened the door but fortunately Opusdorf Between the two of them. "The cause of the quarrel was that Beethoven refused Ricky Novsky to play for several French officers who called him a dinner party.
Through the analysis and analysis of nine symphonies in Beethoven, especially the analysis of the four (ie, the third, fifth, six, nine) thematic symphonies, we can not only understand the basic picture of Beethoven's creation That great and pure thought, but also can understand the major innovations in symphony creation, you can see how the symphony from Haydn, Mozart era transition to Schubert, Mendelssohn as the representative of the new development period.
As early as Beethoven was born he was recognized as a world-renowned musician, he is a great classical composer, but also a pioneer of romantic sent to history. In 1827, when Beethoven died, many of my friends and admirers came to offer condolences.
Beethoven was buried in the Waehringer Friedhof. The literary master, Greer Pazzo, once said in the eulogy that "Beethoven gave all of his talents to the crowd, and there was nothing from them, and he was far from the crowd." The Beethoven, 1828 was also buried here, accompanied by him. In order to commemorate Schubert's young genius musician, in the Wei Lingge cemetery next to the construction of a Schubert garden (Schubertpark). Today, the Schubert Garden on the Weilinger Street is where many tourists hang around.
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