民族英雄鄭成功英文簡介
鄭成功，明末清初軍事家，抗清名將，民族英雄。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的民族英雄鄭成功英文簡介，供大家參閱!
鄭成功簡介
Zheng Chenggong (1624.08.26-1662.06.23), the name of Mori, also known as Fusong, the word Yan, big wood. Fujian Quanzhou Nanan people, native of Henan Gushi. Han nationality, the late Ming and early Qing military strategist, anti-Qing Ming, national hero. His father Zheng Zhilong, his mother Tian Chuan's. Hongguang when the monitor students, because the Mongolian Emperor Wu Ming dynasty country name "Zhu", thanks to the name of success, and seal loyalty Xiao Bo, the world called "Zheng cite surname", "Zheng Guozheng", "country name Lord", and because of Mongolia Calendar imperial seal Yanping Wang, called "Zheng Yanping".
In the 1645 years (Qing Shunzhi two years, Hong Guang first year) Qing army into the south, and soon Zheng Zhilong descent, Tian Chuan in the chaos in the suicide; Zheng Chenggong led his father in the southeastern coastal areas of China anti-Qing, Nan Ming later become one of the main military forces , Once by the sea raids, surrounded by Qingjiang Ningfu (the original Ming Dynasty Nanjing), but the end of the Qing army repulsed, only by virtue of naval advantage to keep Quanzhou House Xiamen, Kinmen. 1661 (Qing Shunzhi eighteen years, Yongli fifteen years) led his army across the Taiwan Strait, the following year to defeat the Dutch East India Company in Taiwan (now Taiwan Tainan City) garrison, to recover Taiwan, open Zheng's in Taiwan rule.
There are "extended Wang set" world. Zheng Chenggong after the death of the Taiwan people continue to build temples worship, which Tainan Yanping County Temple is the most important.
鄭成功為政舉措
military
Southeast anti-clear
1646 (Qing Shunzhi three years, Longwu two years) Qing soldiers into the Fujian, his father Zheng Zhilong welcome, he cried admonition do not listen, from the anti-Qing. And Zhang Huangyan after the Northern Expedition, shock southeast.
1646 (Qing Shunzhi three years, Longwu two years) in February, Emperor Wu (Ming Tang Wang Zhu Yu key) moved to Yanping House. In March, Zheng Chenggong in the extension of the dragon to the Emperor "Chen": "According to the risk control choke, picking will be aggressive, the ship co-attack, through foreign countries" (later known as "Yanping Chen"), was Emperor Wu Qi Zheng, Feng Zheng Chenggong as "loyalty filial piety", thanks to Fang Jian, hanging "recruit big general" India. In the extension of the military command, the navy training base, patrol Nanping Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi border. In late August, Zheng Chenggong farewell to Emperor Wu, in Yanping Minjiang and Qing army fighting, "confrontation disadvantage, the rate of the south." "Then with a pass to escape the Golden Gate" to "recruit big generals," the name of the flag in the gold, Xiamen coastal area.
1653 years (Qing Shunzhi ten years, Yongli seven years), Long Wuxing Feng Zhenggong as "Yanping Gong".
1658 years (Qing Shunzhi fifteen years, Yongli twelve years) the first month, Zheng Chenggong was Ming Yongli Emperor Jin called "Yanping County", later also known as Zheng Chenggong Zheng Yanping.
Recovered from Taiwan
1624 (Apocalypse four years), the Dutch colonists invaded Taiwan, the implementation of brutal colonial rule. 1661 (Junji eighteen years), Zheng Chenggong led the army from Kinmen, Xiamen, crossing the sea to recover Taiwan.
Politics
To build Ming Zheng
Zheng Chenggong expelled the Netherlands, recovered Taiwan, the implementation of the following measures:
1, political measures. Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan after the first to establish the regime, the abolition of the Dutch invaders of all colonial institutions and institutions, he was embedded in the East are clear, set up a government two counties. House for the Tianfu County, County for the county, million years County. Tianxing County, North Road, million years County Road South Road. Also set up a security on the island division, specializing in the management of the affairs of this area. From Taiwan to establish the same county with the mainland government system.
2, national policy. Zheng Chenggong led his troops into Taiwan, the strict rule of the army, ordered not to harass the mountain nation, not allowed to encroach on the mountain of cultivated land. But also vigorously promote education, in the Gaoshan residential areas set up rural private school, send children to school students can reduce tax and corvee.
Development of the island
The first is to actively implement the system of reclamation and reclamation, in order to solve the problem of food shortage. Zheng Chenggong in Taiwan vigorously promote the garrison, this apartment in agriculture. A few years later the army can not only self-sufficiency, but also surplus food paid to the government. Followed by the mainland residents to encourage Taiwan to engage in reclamation. Help Gaoshan improve production technology.
Under the efforts of Zheng Chenggong's father and son and the efforts of the people of all ethnic groups in Taiwan, Taiwan has gradually emerged from the backward state, catching up with other rich areas of the mainland, becoming a beautiful and rich island of the motherland.
Economy
Business is an integral part of the socio-economy. Zheng Chenggong use of Taiwan surrounded by the sea, foreign trade convenient favorable conditions, vigorously develop overseas trade. In Xiamen, he often sent merchant ships to Southeast Asian countries to trade, to Taiwan, the Qing Dynasty, the implementation of the "sea ban", not allowed the mainland merchant ships, Zheng Chenggong more exclusive maritime trade, he continued and Japan, Siam, Vietnam, the Philippines, Cambodia And other countries through the trade, the Taiwan native products, such as deerskin, deer, camphor, sulfur, sugar and other export abroad, in exchange for the necessary sword, armor and daily necessities. The development of overseas trade is active in the commodity economy, but also increased the revenue of Zheng Chenggong. These trade measures have promoted the development of Taiwan's economy, and even more than 20 years after Zheng Chenggong, Taiwan's economy and the mainland gradually developed simultaneously.
Diplomacy
Want to take the Philippines
1565 (Jiajing forty-four years), the Spanish colonial rule of the Philippines. 1603 years (Wanli thirty-one years) and 1639 (Chongzhen twelve years), the Spanish colonists second massacre in the Philippines overseas Chinese businessmen, the death toll of more than fifty thousand public
After learning of the situation of the overseas Chinese in the Philippines, in 1657 (twelveteen years of the Qing dynasty and eleven years), Zheng Chenggong sent a letter to an overseas Chinese company in Batavia, which asked him to stop with the Philippines. Spanish colonists trade. Zheng Chenggong has repeatedly expressed concern about the overseas Chinese in the Philippines, and proposed to rate the Philippines to punish the Spaniards.
1662 (Kangxi first year), Zheng Chenggong captured Taiwan, the April sent to the Catholic Italian priest Li Keruo to the Philippines to the Spanish governor to submit the credentials, condemned the killing of the crime of plundering overseas Chinese, strict reform, But the Spaniards instead in Manila for the third time on the massacre of overseas Chinese.
Zheng Chenggong heard the news furious, decided to enlist the expedition, revenge for the overseas Chinese. On the one hand, he arranged for the army, sent secretly with the overseas Chinese in the Philippines to contact, so that when the outside should be outside, but not yet sent troops, he learned that his son Zheng Jing in Xiamen with the nurse Chen's Adultery, Zheng Chenggong rage, life will Zheng Tai kill Zheng Jing, Zheng Tai can not bear to resist the life. Zheng Chenggong under the anger, but also suffering from malaria, soon died.
Later, Zheng Jing also in 1670 (Kangxi nine years) and 1671 (Kangxi ten years) twice prepared to send fleet to call Manila, but because of the San Francisco chaos Zheng Jing led the West to Fujian to support Geng Jingzhong did not send troops to the Philippines.
Borrowed from Japan
1658 (Nanming Yongli twelve years, that is, the Qing Dynasty Shunzhi fifteen years, the first year of the Japanese million) in June, Zheng Chenggong sent Guiwu, as the monks east of Japan Nagasaki, submitted Zheng Chenggong to Tokugawa shogunate four generations General Tokugawa's archives. Zheng Chenggong first praised the shogunate in the epistle, and then combined with his own experience, said: "Success was born in the sunrise, long and cloud from, a world of security, war in the division of Zhen Ji", and the Tang will Xu Surnamed Li Yu Yu, Yan Zhenqing to self-encouragement, to show resistance to clear determination. Zheng Chenggong hope to develop friendly relations with Japan, but the key is the end of the letter, pointed out: "ZTE Yi Er, dare to monk Guiwu, as ever come. Wen difficult to understand, the word is not satisfied," metaphor Nanming will , Begging soldiers song pen hidden by Guiwu, such as past to Nagasaki noodles. According to the Japanese Ordinary Society of "encyclopedia" 18th cloud, the shogunate refused to Zheng Chenggong borrowing request, millet Yuan Jiro "Japanese modern history" Chapter IV Yixuan shogun not allowed to send troops. However, in fact Tokugawa family this is the actual action to respond to Zheng Chenggong begging soldiers.
鄭成功歷史評價(jià)
Ming Dynasty evaluation
Wang Guangguang: "is a hero, non-and also!"
Zhu Yu key: "Su Wen Zheng has a horse, really deserved reputation."
Zheng Hongkui: "This is my family thousands of miles!"
Qian Qianyi: "the tone of the more clear, not vulgar. Juvenile have this, honest genius also."
Qu style plow: "look very high, his future will be Wei device."
Zhang Mingyan: "theft of the event, the first in the people and the legislature, especially in the ... ... that is, if the Lord of the East are the Battle of the East (that is, attack Taiwan war), Qi Cheng that the island is enough to start a business foundation Want to install the civil and military will be the official room, so that there is no worries, Shu was specifically to restore, but since ancient times did not smell the baggage dependents, home outside the barbarians, and then operating the original ... ... so when the division, Meaning, first fear.
Lu Ruo Teng: "Jinling City, Qin, Han since a few wars; victory over the attack is difficult, not heard of not hundreds of thousands of soldiers. Minnan Yi Lu is the most powerful, year after the break without legislation camp .Pippy three thousand whale sea, straight Yi Dajiang not stay line: melon step, Dantu under the fierce battle, Jiangnan County and shocked; dragon tiger hump ancient city, the queue to see the door to open the door greeted. Once Hu rush together,
Evaluation of the Qing Dynasty
Ai Xinjue Luo Ye: 1662 (the first year of the Qing Emperor Kangxi, Yongli sixteen years) in July, Zheng Chenggong died in Taiwan. Kangxi title essay a couplet, the cloud: "four towns more than two hearts, two islands Tuen division, dare to the southeast fight half of the wall; kings no inch soil, corner of the anti-Chi, Fang know overseas solitary. The emperor under the edict: "Zhu success of the Department of the house of the minister, non-I chaos Chenzi. Imperial government officials, escort success and sub-two coffins, burial Nanan, set mound, built temple worship of the. "
Huang Zongxi: Zheng not out of Taiwan, only since the founding of the legislation, Zhang Sima poems blame; that there are virtuous Zheng who, but also among the Tian Heng, between Xu City. A reason! Otherwise, since Myanmar, after the dust, the Central Plains of the system must carry on; and Zheng to a country of travel to the country on the island, said it is a new moon. In the past there: Zhou Li Wang lost his country, Xuan Wang is not established, called the public, Zhou Gong two-phase administration, No. said "Republic"; Republican fourteen years, not tied to Li Wang, not under the Xuan Wang, after the gentleman Did not think that the week of the system must also. In this case, Zheng can be described as in vain.
Wu Yanhua, Qing Taiwan Yi order, the joint wrote: "Chung Hee Yue Ling, as the victory of the cotton is the new moon; compliance with the beach and the Department of China has a saint."
Wang Ketai, Qing Fujian governor, the joint wrote: "loyalty and sense of the sky, the sea will be isolated island is now; economic customs, all the mountains to stay with future generations to open." Another joint wrote: "lonely lonely, Haoji amazement to stay through the ages; positive people righteousness, Mo teach success or failure on the hero.
Zhou Maoqi, the Qing Dynasty government prefect, the joint wrote: "independence of the holy dynasty; to open the ancient shortage."
Zhang Qiguang: "Health for the priest, dead for God, unique through the ages; now by the name, the past by the surname, forgiveness is perfect."
Shen Baozhen: "open the eternal was not surprising, the pioneers left the mountains and rivers, for the people of the world; a very life can not be the case, the shortcomings of the heavens and the earth, is the grid is finished." (1875)
Liu Ming Chuan: "thanks to the surname, home break Jun death, Yong Yi alone, a foundation in the mountains and rivers to do; the father of the book, the word Yan Yizheng, Qiandao Festival, enjoy the beans in the sun on the sunny days." (1889 Couplets)
Qiu Fengjia: "by the scholar king, presided over the half wall of the old mountains and rivers, for the world to read the color of the students; drive outside the exit, open up a new career, is willing to re - drums in China.
Chen Mo: "indulge in the island is not open face, mountain reclamation, three hundred years of the Department of grass to survive, imitation Jizi, than Tian Heng, Chester painstaking, special to itchy air jordan; is the first win, The festivals, the seventeen months of the moon and moon, fill the sea of Yunnan, even Zhejiang water, heroes without life, long hanging liver and gallbladder waves.
Cai Dongfan: Sun desperate domineering, the shape of Li Dingguo loyalty, Zheng Zhi Long's despicable, see Zheng Chenggong righteousness, a Hu Hu in Yunnan, a Xinghai overseas, although the subsequent to Zhi Zhi, pawn results, but loyalty inherent Enough.
Western evaluation
Tang Jintai: country name is not a rude Hai Kou. He never fought for the benefit of the individual. He had all the loyal people in the land of mainland China and Taiwan. His life to recover the Ming Dynasty Jiangshan for the job. He is not brutal, at least not as militaristic as the Europeans of the same age. Zheng Chenggong did not object to the Christian doctrine itself, and if the missionaries were killed because the soldiers obeyed the command of the coach, it was because they were Dutch, not because they were missionaries. When we compare the behavior of the nationals with the Dutch and the Spaniards to the Chinese, we will only stand on the side of the surname.
Members of the country may be the most outstanding figure in the modern history of the East, and no one of the heroes who are active in the sea of China is comparable to the heroic master of the heroic and accomplished great cause. The ability to behave in the ascension of the call and the parties from the scene, do not want to do the people, by oppression, have invested in his own.Although he law enforcement mountains, and many people are two or three times older elders, but Can be obsessed, only ordered from, this is where his power and influence.
Japan evaluation
Taiwan during the Japanese rule, in the public school in Taiwan had taught children singing "song of Zheng Chenggong." Tainan Yanping Jun Wang Temple was changed to Japanese style "mountain shrine", and renovated for the shrine style, but its Fuzhou-style architectural pattern roughly retained. After the war the National Government and then to Yanping County Temple, and the original Fuzhou-style buildings all removed, converted into Chinese North-style palace-style buildings and in the entrance archway to set up the KMT emblem to show China's orthodox regime.
Japan has little Chinese thought and is influenced by the water school, and the water school is based on the impact of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Zhu water, making the Japanese history more attention to the great meaning of the theory and development of respect for the imperial theory.
"Great Japanese History" is the essence of its essence. Regardless of the end of the minds of the idea of reform, or today's ancient emperor pedigree, all without "big Japanese history" thinking of contaminated. In this ideology system, for the Ming Dynasty priest Zheng Chenggong life engaged in anti-Qing Fuming's power, the Japanese Quartet Red Liang as: loyalty empty pass country surnamed Ye, see Tatar won the Chinese side.
Republican evaluation
At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, nationalism was popular among the revolutionaries and the people. Zheng Chenggong was portrayed as "national heroes against foreign rule" in many journals and biographies. At the same time, many scholars began to Zheng Chenggong as "the world will" the founder, trying to full of revolution and Zheng anti-Qing pull on the relationship, to vigorously promote.
In the 1930s, China in the context of the Japanese aggression, Zheng Chenggong's publications began to pop, with Japanese descent Zheng Chenggong in these publications which have become a symbol of Japanese imperialism.
After the outbreak of the incident in February 1947, by the National Government sent to Taiwan to defend the defense minister Bai Chongxi, through Tainan, that went to Yanping County Temple to Zheng Chenggong salute, and set up a stone in front of the temple in recognition of Zheng Chenggong's " ", To promote loyalty to the leader, the spirit of the country.
In 1950, shortly after the withdrawal of the "Central Government of the Republic of China", "Chiang Kai-shek," the president, "revitalized the Chinese" plaque, hanging in Yanping County Temple Temple entrance. 1963 demolition of the original Fuzhou-style building to China's northern palace architecture to show orthodoxy.
As Zheng Chenggong retreated to Taiwan's situation, and the "national government" similar, and Zheng Chenggong "national hero", "loyal to the leader", "traditional cultural virtue" and other image has been deeply rooted, as the national government propaganda model.
In Taiwan, there are many schools, streets, towns and towns are named from the commemoration of Zheng Chenggong. (Hereinafter referred to as Taipei's successful secondary school), the original Taiwan Provincial Institute of Technology changed to the National Successful University, Nantou County, Taiwan, the name of the township, Taichung County, the success of the ridge, Yanping Road, mountain road, Tainan City, Dongning Road.
Continental evaluation
In the 1950s, the history textbooks of the People's Republic of China, praised Zheng Chenggong "expelled the forces of foreign invaders in Taiwan ... by the respect of our people." In the history of the textbook reads: "Zheng Chenggong in Taiwan to establish power, unity of the local Han people and the people of Gaoshan people, and jointly develop the cause of production."
During the Cultural Revolution, many historical figures in China were re-examined and evaluated, and Zheng Chenggong was no exception. Since Zheng's allegiance to the Ming dynasty was regarded as the "reactionary" feudal dynasty, although once regarded as a national hero, Zheng Chenggong but also escape the fate of the media and scholars ignored; during the Cultural Revolution, almost few people dare to comment, Zheng Chenggong and Taiwan.
After the Cultural Revolution, Zheng Chenggong again to "beat the Western colonial", "Taiwan to return to the motherland" and "national hero" posture, back to the textbooks, until today. In March 2005, Jiang Zemin, who had just resigned as chairman of the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China, gave the Central Military Commission and the leaders of the State Council a series of porcelain carvings on the theme "Zheng Chenggong's recovery of Taiwan".
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