考研英語教育類閱讀理解及參考答案
考研時期對于英語閱讀理解的復習，包含了教育和科技等題型。下面是學習啦小編給大家整理的考研英語教育類閱讀理解及參考答案，供大家參閱!
考研英語教育類閱讀理解及參考答案：A new Harvard study
A new Harvard study shows that immigrant boys and girls fare very differently in the outside world
When it comes to schooling, the Herrera boys are no match for the Herrera girls. Last week, four years after she arrived from Honduras, Martha, 20, graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles. She managed decent grades while wor
king 36 hours a week at a Kentucky Fried Chicken. Her sister, Marlin, 22, attends a local community college and will soon be a certified nurse assistant. The brothers are a different story. Oscar, 17, was expelled two years ago from Fairfax for carrying a knife and later dropped out of a different school. The youngest, Jonathan, 15, is now in a juvenile boot camp after running into trouble with the law. "The boys get sidetracked more," says the kids' mother, Suyapa Landaverde. "The girls are more confident."
This is no aberration. Immigrant girls consistently outperform boys, according to the preliminary findings of a just-completed, five-year study of immigrant children--the largest of its kind, including Latino, Chinese and Haitian kids--by Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco of the Harvard Graduate School of Education. Though that trend holds for U.S.-born kids as well, the reasons for the discrepancy among immigrants are different. The study found that immigrant girls are more adept at straddling cultures than boys. "The girls are able to retain some of the protective features of [their native] culture" because they're kept closer to the hearth, says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco, "while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the new culture" by helping their parents navigate it.
Consider the kids' experiences in school. The study found that boys face more peer pressure to adopt American youth culture--the dress, the slang, the disdain for education. They're disciplined more often and, as a result, develop more adversarial relationships with teachers--and the wider society. They may also face more debilitating prejudices. One teacher interviewed for the study said that the "cultural awareness training" she received as part of her continuing education included depictions of Latino boys as "aggressive" and "really macho" and of the girls as "pure sweetness."
Gender shapes immigrant kids' experiences outside school as well. Often hailing from traditional cultures, the girls face greater domestic obligations. They also frequently act as "cultural ambassadors," translating for parents and mediating between them and the outside world, says Carola Suarez-Orozco. An unintended consequence: "The girls get foisted into a responsible role more than the boys do." Take Christina Im, 18, a junior at Fairfax who arrived from South Korea four years ago. She ranks ninth in a class of 400 students and still finds time to fix dinner for the family and work on Saturdays at her mother's clothing shop. Her brother? "He plays computer games," says Im.
The Harvard study bears a cautionary note: If large numbers of immigrant boys continue to be alienated academically--and to be clear, plenty perform phenomenally--they risk sinking irretrievably into an economic underclass. Oscar Herrera, Martha's dropout brother, may be realizing that. "I'm thinking of returning to school," he recently told his mother. He ought to look to his sisters for guidance.
By Arian Campo-Flores Newsweek; 7/1/2002, Vol. 140 Issue 1, p51, 2/3p, 1c
注(1)：本文選自Newsweek，7/1/2002，p51;
注(2)：本文習題命題模仿對象2005年真題Text 1。
1.In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by
[A]posing a contrast
[B]justifying an assumption
[C]making a comparison
[D]explaining a phenomenon
2.The statement “they also frequently act as ‘cultural ambassadors’”(Line two, Paragraph
4) implies that
[A]they work as a translator for their parents
[B]they help their parents have a better understanding of the foreign culture
[C]they encourage their parents to go into the outside world
[D]their parents help them realize their dream of becoming an ambassador.
3.Immigrant boys do not fare well in the outside world because of the following reasons,
except that
[A]American youth culture has a bad influence on the boys
[B]people have prejudice against them
[C]their sense of responsibility is not as strong as that of the girls
[D]they do not get well along with the teachers and the outside world
4.Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco have eventually found in their study that
[A]the immigrant boys should not be allowed to go into the outside world
[B]the immigrant boys have no judgment about the youth culture
[C]the immigrant girls do a better job than the immigrant boys
[D]the immigrant boys should be severely disciplined
5.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
[A]All the dropouts should receive good education.
[B]Many immigrant boys are likely to fall into trouble in the future.
[C]Schooling education has been neglected.
[D]More attention should be paid to the immigrant children.
答案：CBACB
篇章剖析
本文采用提出問題——分析問題的模式，指出移民中男孩子和女孩子在學業(yè)方面的表現(xiàn)差別很大，并進一步分析其原因，指出可能會造成的后果。文章第一段以馬撒的兄弟姐妹為例，指出家中男孩和女孩在學業(yè)上的差別;第二段、第三段和第四段來分析造成這一現(xiàn)象的原因;第五段指出可能會造成的后果。
詞匯注釋
fare [feE(r)] vi進展;成功
Carolina Herrera 卡羅琳娜•赫蕾拉，著名時裝品牌創(chuàng)始人
sidetrack [5saIdtrAk] vt.導入側(cè)線, 轉(zhuǎn)移目標, 使受牽制
aberration [AbE5reIF(E)n] n.失常;偏差
outperform [9aJtpE`fR:m] vt.做得比…好，勝過
preliminary [prI5lImInErI; (?@) -nerI] adj. 預備的, 初步的
discrepancy [dI5skrepEnsI] n. 相差, 差異, 矛盾
adept at熟練于...
straddle [5strAd(E)l] v. 跨騎
navigate [5nAvI^eIt] vt. 航行于, 駕駛, 操縱, 使通過
peer [pIE(r)] n. 同齡人;同事
discipline [5dIsIplIn] v. 懲戒，懲罰
adversarial [ 9AdvE`seErIEl] adj. 敵手的,對手的,對抗(性)的
debilitate [dI5bIlIteIt] vt. 使衰弱, 使虛弱
macho [5mB:tFEu] adj. 男子的，男子氣的
gender [5dVendE(r)] n. [語法] 性, <口>性別, 性, 性交
hailing from來自，在某地生長
mediate [5mi:dIeIt] v. 仲裁, 調(diào)停, 作為引起...的媒介, 居中調(diào)停
foist [fCIst] vt. 偷偷插入, 使混入, 硬賣給, 私自添加, 把...強加(于), 把...塞(給)
alienate [5eIlIEneIt] v. 疏遠
phenomenally [fI5nRmInElI] adv. 現(xiàn)象上地, 明白地;驚人地
irretrievably [IrI5tri:vEb(E)li] adv. 不能挽回地, 不能補救地
look to sb. for sth. 依賴或指望某人提供或做某事物
難句突破
1.Immigrant girls consistently outperform boys, according to the preliminary findings of a just-completed, five-year study of immigrant children--the largest of its kind, including Latino, Chinese and Haitian kids--by Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco of the Harvard Graduate School of Education.
主體句式：Immigrant girls consistently outperform boys…
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是一個簡單句。according to意為“依據(jù)，按照”，來補充說明“Immigrant girls consistently outperform boys”這一結(jié)論緣自何處;“the largest of its kind”是study的同位語;including現(xiàn)在分詞進一步修飾study; by表示這項研究是由誰來做的。
句子譯文：根據(jù)哈佛大學教育學研究生院的馬賽羅和卡羅拉•蘇瑞茲-歐羅科剛剛完成了一項歷時五年的初步研究結(jié)果——這項研究是同類研究中規(guī)模最大的，研究對象為移民子女，其中包括拉丁美洲人、中國人和海地人，移民女孩子的表現(xiàn)一貫比男孩子出色。
題目分析
1.答案為C,屬事實細節(jié)題。作者以馬撒的兄弟姐妹為例，意在指出男孩和女孩在學業(yè)方面的不同表現(xiàn)，從而引出論題。
2.答案為B，屬推理判斷題。從第二段"while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the
new culture" by helping their parents navigate it.我們知道這些移民孩子的父母對新文化的理解、把握和適應(yīng)還得益于孩子的幫助。原文對應(yīng)信息是：“They also frequently act as "cultural ambassadors," translating for parents and mediating between them and the outside world, says Carola Suarez-Orozco.”從這句話我們可以看出"cultural ambassadors"的含義。
3.答案為A，屬事實細節(jié)題。選項B在文中的對應(yīng)信息是第三段的“They may also face more
debilitating prejudices.”;選項C在文中的對應(yīng)信息是第四段的“the girls face greater domestic obligations”;選項D在文中對應(yīng)的信息是第三段的“They're disciplined more often and, as a result, develop more adversarial relationships with teachers--and the wider society.”;只有選項A不正確，它的意思與文中對應(yīng)的信息有出入，原文對應(yīng)信息是第三段的“The study found that boys face more peer pressure to adopt American youth culture--the dress, the slang, the disdain for education.”
4.答案為C，屬事實細節(jié)題。文中第一段以對比手段入手，在第二段開頭就引出了文章的
論題。原文對應(yīng)信息是“Immigrant girls consistently outperform boys, according to the preliminary findings of a just-completed, five-year study of immigrant children--the largest of its kind, including Latino, Chinese and Haitian kids--by Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco of the Harvard Graduate School of Education.”
5.答案為B，屬推理判斷題。原文對應(yīng)信息是“If large numbers of immigrant boys continue
to be alienated academically--and to be clear, plenty perform phenomenally--they risk sinking irretrievably into an economic underclass.”
參考譯文
哈佛大學一項新的研究結(jié)果表明，移民中男孩和女孩在外面世界的發(fā)展差別很大
談到學業(yè)問題，身穿赫蕾拉美侖美奐時裝的男孩根本無法與穿同樣時裝的女孩相比。上周，也就是從洪都拉斯來到美國四年之后，20歲的馬撒從洛杉磯的費爾法克斯高中畢業(yè)。盡管每周都要在肯德基快餐店工作36個小時，但是她還是取得了相當好的成績。她的姐姐馬林今年22歲，在當?shù)氐囊凰鐓^(qū)大學讀書，不久就將成為一名有資格證書的助理護士。她兄弟們的情況就完全不一樣了。17歲的奧斯卡兩年前因為攜帶小刀被費爾法克斯學校開除，后又從另一所學校輟學。最小的喬納森今年15歲，惹上官司后現(xiàn)在在青少年新兵訓練營。“這些男孩子多不走正道，”孩子們的母親蘇雅帕•蘭達沃爾德說，“而女孩子卻越發(fā)自信了。”
這非常合乎常規(guī)。根據(jù)哈佛大學教育學研究生院的馬賽羅和卡羅拉•蘇瑞茲-歐羅科剛剛完成了一項歷時五年的初步研究結(jié)果——這項研究是同類研究中規(guī)模最大的，研究對象為移民子女，其中包括拉丁美洲人、中國人和海地人，移民女孩子的表現(xiàn)一貫比男孩子出色。雖然這種趨勢在美國出生的孩子中也存在，但是在移民中產(chǎn)生這種差異的原因卻是不相同的。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，移民女孩子比男孩子更善于包容不同的文化。馬賽羅•蘇瑞茲-歐羅科說，“女孩子能保留本民族文化里的一些保護性特點”，因為女孩子跟家庭的關(guān)系更加緊密，所以在幫助父母跨越這一新文化的過程中，“她們最大限度地獲取了新文化的技能”。
我們再來考慮孩子們在學校的經(jīng)歷。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與女孩子相比，男孩子在接受美國年輕人文化——衣著、俚語以及對教育的蔑視等——方面面臨更多的來自同齡人的壓力。他們會受到更多的懲戒，因此，他們跟老師以及外界社會更容易發(fā)展成一種敵對關(guān)系。他們還可能會面對更多的使人意志衰弱的偏見。研究中接受采訪的一位老師說，她所接受的繼續(xù)教育中的“文化意識培訓”部分把拉丁美洲男孩描述成“好斗的”、“真正大男子主義的”的人，而對女孩子的描述是“清純可人”。
性別也決定了移民孩子的課余生活經(jīng)歷。由于女孩子常常處在傳統(tǒng)文化的氛圍之中，她們要對家庭承擔更多的責任?？_拉•蘇瑞茲-歐羅科說，她們常常擔當“文化大使”的角色，為她們的父母作作翻譯，幫助他們與外部世界溝通。這產(chǎn)生了一種意想不到的結(jié)果：“與男孩子相比，女孩子不得不承擔起更多的責任。”我們以克里斯蒂娜伊•殷為例。她今年18歲，四年前從韓國來到這里，現(xiàn)在是費爾法克斯中學三年級學生。在全班400名學生中，她排名第九位，但她還能抽出時間給她的家人做正餐，每周六還要在她媽媽的服裝店里幫忙。她弟弟干什么呢?殷說，“他在打游戲。”
哈佛大學的研究帶著一種警示性口氣：如果大量的移民男孩子在學業(yè)上繼續(xù)荒廢下去—說得清楚些，有很多人荒廢得令人難以置信—他們將冒將來在經(jīng)濟上不可挽回地陷入底層社會的危險。馬撒輟學的弟弟奧斯卡•赫雷拉可能已經(jīng)認識到了這一點。他最近告訴他的母親說，“我在考慮重新回到學校去。”他應(yīng)該向他的姐姐們求教指導意見。
考研英語教育類閱讀理解及參考答案：YOU WIN
YOU WIN! PAY BANK 0,000
For parents, the scary part begins after the letter comes.
As long as her parents can remember, 13-year-old Katie Hart has been talking about going to college. Her mother, Tally, a financial-aid officer at an Ohio
university, knows all too well the daunting calculus of paying for a college education. Last year the average yearly tuition at a private, four-year school climbed 5.5 percent to more than ,000. The Harts have started saving, and figure they can afford a public university without a problem. But what if Katie applies to Princeton (she's threatening), where one year's tuition, room and board--almost ,000 in 2002--will cost more than some luxury cars? Even a number cruncher like Tally admits it's a little scary, especially since she'll retire and Katie will go to college at around the same time.
Paying for college has always been a humbling endeavor. The good news: last year students collected billion in financial aid, the most ever. Most families pay less than full freight. Sixty percent of public-university students and three quarters of those at private colleges receive some form of financial aid--mostly, these days, in the form of loans. But those numbers are not as encouraging as they appear for lower-income families, because schools are changing their formulas for distributing aid. Eager to boost their magazine rankings, which are based in part on the test scores of entering freshmen, they're throwing more aid at smarter kids--whether they need it or not.
The best way to prepare is to start saving early. A new law passed last year makes that easier for some families. So-called 529 plans allow parents to sock away funds in federal-tax-free-investment accounts, as long as the money is used for "qualified education expenses" like tuition, room and board. The plans aren't for everyone. For tax reasons, some lower- and middle-income families may be better off choosing other investments. But saving is vital. When's the best time to start? "Sometime," says Jack Joyce of the College Board, "between the maternity ward and middle school."
Aid packages usually come in some combination of grants, loans and jobs. These days 60 percent of all aid comes in the form of low-interest loans. All students are eligible for "unsubsidized" federal Stafford loans, which let them defer interest payments until after graduation. Students who can demonstrate need can also qualify for federal Perkins loans or "subsidized" Staffords, where the government pays the interest during school. Fortunately, this is a borrower's market. "Interest rates are at their lowest level in the history of student loans," says Mark Kantrowitz, publisher of Finaid. Kantrowitz expects rates to fall even further when they're reviewed this summer.
Traditional scholarships, academic or athletic, are still a part of many families' planning. Mack Reiter, a 17-year-old national wrestling champion, gets so many recruiting letters he throws most away. He'll almost certainly get a free ride. Without it, "we would really be in a bind," says his mother, Janet. For everyone else, it's worth the effort to pick through local and national scholarship offerings, which can be found on Web sites like collegeboard.com.
By Kevin Peraino With Pat Wingert and Karen Springen, in Chicago Newsweek; 4/8/2002, Vol. 139 Issue 14, p50, 2p
注(1)：本文選自Newsweek,4/8/2002,p50;
注(2)：本文習題命題模仿對象2004年真題Text 2.
1.What does the author intend to illustrate with the example of the Harts?
[A]the difficulty of paying the tuition
[B]the far-sight of the parents
[C]the promising future of Katie
[D]the increasing tuition in the university
2.What can we infer from the second paragraph?
[A]Some families are too poor to pay the full amount of the tuition.
[B]The parents do not favor the form of loans.
[C]Paying the tuition makes the parents feel humble.
[D]Those who are in great need may not get what they need.
3.The last paragraph suggests that ___________.
[A]many recruiting letters failed to provide Mack Reiter with scholarships
[B]Mack Reiter wanted to help his family go out of the trouble
[C]traditional scholarships are a good solution to the tuition problems in some families
[D]Mack Reiter was very proud of his national wrestling championship
4.What does the author mean by “better off”(Line 5, Paragraph 3)?
[A]richer
[B]wiser
[C]happier
[D]luckier
5.Which of the following is true according to the text?
[A]The Harts prefer a public university to a private one.
[B]It is much easier to pay the tuition at present.
[C]All students can get the aid package.
[D]Traditional scholarships are still attractive to some families.
答案：ADCBD
篇章剖析
本文采用提出問題——分析問題的模式，指出支付高昂的大學學費對很多家庭來說都有些力不從心，以及一些助學貸款及其它資助項目所起的作用。第一段提出問題，以哈特家為例，說明支付大學學費對家庭造成的壓力;第二段指出大多數(shù)家庭支付大學學費的方式以及存在的一些問題;第三段指出家庭存錢的作用;第四段指出資助項目的形式;第五段指出傳統(tǒng)獎學金的吸引力。
詞匯注釋
daunting [5dC:ntIN]adj.使人畏縮的
calculus [5kAlkjJlEs]n.微積分學, 結(jié)石
tuition [tju:5IF(E)n; (?@) 5tu:-]n.學費
number cruncher n.搗弄數(shù)字者;能夠進行復雜、大量運算的人
boost[bu:st]v.推進
sock away把錢存放起來
better off (doing something) adj.(對于做某事來說)是較為明智的
maternity ward n.產(chǎn)科病房
the College Board大學委員會
eligible[5elIdVEb(E)l]adj.符合條件的,合格的
defer[dI5f\:(r)]vt.使推遲, 使延期
wrestling [5res(E)lIN]n.[體]摔跤
in a bind adv.處于困境
難句突破
1.So-called 529 plans allow parents to sock away funds in federal-tax-free-investment accounts, as long as the money is used for "qualified education expenses" like tuition, room and board.
主體句式：plans allow parents to sock away …
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是個條件復合句。主句是529 plans allow parents to sock away funds，federal-tax-free-investment是一個復合名詞; as long as引導條件從句，be used for 意為“用做某一目的”，like是介詞，后跟名詞，共同來修飾qualified education expenses.
句子譯文：這就是所謂的529方案。該方案準許父母把錢存在聯(lián)邦免稅投資賬戶上，但他們所存的錢只能用于支付類似學費、食宿費等“符合資格教育費用”。
2.Without it, "we would really be in a bind,"
主體句式：Without it, "we would really be in a bind,"
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：從without我們可看出此句是虛擬語氣，in a bind是固定搭配，意思是“處于困境”。
句子譯文：要不是這樣的話，那么“我們真的就陷入困境了。”
題目分析
1.答案為A,屬推理判斷題。原文對應(yīng)信息是：“Even a number cruncher like Tally admits it's
a little scary, especially since she'll retire and Katie will go to college at around the same time.”
2.答案為D，屬推理判斷題。原文對應(yīng)信息是：“Eager to boost their magazine rankings, which are based in part on the test scores of entering freshmen, they're throwing more aid at smarter kids--whether they need it or not.”
3.答案為C，屬推理判斷題。原文對應(yīng)信息是：“Traditional scholarships, academic or athletic,are still a part of many families' planning.”
4.答案為B，屬猜詞題。文中提到的方案有助于存錢，但這樣的方案并不適于每一個人，
然后給出了其中的一個原因，來說明對于低收入和中等收入的家庭來講，選擇其它投資方式會比這種方式好。由此可猜出詞義。
5.答案為D, 屬推理判斷題。選項A意思不準確，文中提到公立大學和私立大學的學費問題，但并沒有表明家長的態(tài)度和傾向;選項B意思不對，文中對應(yīng)信息是第二段;申請貸款并不是無條件的，這是選項C的錯誤所在。
參考譯文
你贏了!那就向銀行付140,000美元吧!
對父母來說，錄取信到了以后，令人恐慌的事情也就隨之開始了
卡蒂的父母記得，13歲的卡蒂·哈特一直在談?wù)撋洗髮W的事。她的母親塔利是俄亥俄大學的一名負責給學生貸款的工作人員，她對大學教育費用是一個多么令人心跳畏縮的數(shù)字再熟悉不過了。去年，私立四年制大學的年平均學費增長了5.5%，超過17,000美元。哈特家已經(jīng)開始存錢了，估計支付公立大學的費用不成問題。但是，如果卡蒂要申請普林斯頓大學的話(她是這樣威脅的)，那該怎么辦呢?上這樣的大學一年的學費和食宿費在2002年大約是34,000美元，這比買幾輛豪華轎車還貴。就連塔利這樣搞數(shù)字工作的人也承認這真有點讓人恐慌，尤其是她即將面臨退休、卡蒂要上大學這兩件事幾乎在同時發(fā)生。
支付大學費用一直都是讓人難以啟齒的尷尬事。有條好消息：去年學生獲得的財政資助達740億美元，這比以往獲得的都多。大多數(shù)家庭都不是一次全部付清學費。60%的公立大學學生和四分之三的私立大學的學生要接受某種形式的財政資助——現(xiàn)在大多是以貸款的形式發(fā)放。但是這些數(shù)字對于那些低收入家庭來說，并不象它表面上看起來那樣令人鼓舞，因為學校正在改變它們的資助發(fā)放方案。那些想急于提高其雜志排名的學校——學校排名在一定程度上取決于入學新生的成績——把更多的資助給了成績較好的學生——不管他們是否需要這種資助。
最好的準備辦法就是早點開始存錢。去年通過的一項新的法律使一些家庭存錢的方法變得容易了一些。這就是所謂的529方案。該方案準許父母把錢存在聯(lián)邦免稅投資賬戶上，但他們所存的錢只能用于支付類似學費、食宿費等“符合資格教育費用”。這一方案并不是對每一個人都適合。由于稅收原因，對于那些低收入和中等收入家庭來說，如果選擇其它的投資方向，他們會生活得更富裕些。但是存錢是頭等大事。那么什么時候開始存錢最合適呢?大學委員會的杰克·喬伊斯說，“從產(chǎn)科病房開始到上中學這個階段的任何時候都行。”
一攬子資助計劃通常以助學金、貸款和兼職相結(jié)合的形式提供?，F(xiàn)在有60%的資助項目是以低息貸款形式提供的。所有學生都有資格獲得聯(lián)邦“非補貼性”斯戴福德貸款。這種貸款可以使學生把利息支付推遲到畢業(yè)以后。確實能證明經(jīng)濟上有困難的學生還有資格申請聯(lián)邦帕金斯貸款或聯(lián)邦“補貼性”斯戴福德貸款，這種貸款的利息在學生就讀期間由政府償付。所幸的是，現(xiàn)在是借方的市場。《資助》雜志出版商馬克•坎特羅威茨說：“現(xiàn)在的利率是學生貸款史上最低的。”坎特羅威茨認為，今年夏天進行回顧評論時，利率可能還要降低。
爭取獲得學術(shù)或體育等傳統(tǒng)獎學金仍然是很多家庭計劃的一部分。17歲的邁克·賴特是全國摔跤冠軍，他收到了很多招收信，但大部分信都被他扔到了一邊。他幾乎肯定會獲得全額免費。他的母親珍妮特說，要不是這樣的話，“我們真的就陷入困境了。”對于其他人來說，值得費些工夫去搜尋地方和國家提供的獎學金。這類獎學金可以在collegeboard.com這樣的網(wǎng)站上找到。
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