TED英語(yǔ)演講：不能受限于聽(tīng)故事
本期TED演講嘉賓Sisonke Msimang女士認(rèn)為好的故事是必須的，但是它們并沒(méi)有我們想象中那么神奇，相反，好的故事往往容易麻痹人們的思想，給人制造一種幻象，好像這個(gè)世界因?yàn)樗鼈冏兊酶昧?，但真?shí)的情況卻不是我們想象中那樣的。那么真相是什么呢?什么才能真正幫助我們讓世界變得更好呢?讓我們從她詼諧又深刻的演講中找尋答案吧。下面是小編為大家收集關(guān)于TED英語(yǔ)演講：不能受限于聽(tīng)故事，歡迎借鑒參考。
演說(shuō)題目：不能受限于聽(tīng)故事，要看到故事的背后
演說(shuō)者：Sisonke Msimang
So earlier this year, I was informed that Iwould be doing a TED Talk. So I was excited, then I panicked, then I wasexcited, then I panicked, and in between the excitement and the panicking, Istarted to do my research, and my research primarily consisted of Googling howto give a great TED Talk.
今年年初， 我被告知要發(fā)表一場(chǎng) TED 的演說(shuō)。一開(kāi)始我很興奮，然后變成緊張，然后又很興奮，然后又很緊張， 就在興奮與緊張之間， 我開(kāi)始進(jìn)行一些研究， 我的研究主要是用 Google 搜尋：如何發(fā)表一場(chǎng)完美的 TED 演說(shuō)。
And interspersed with that, I was GooglingChimamanda Ngozi Adichie. How many of you know who that is?
在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，我也查詢了奇瑪曼達(dá).恩格茲.阿迪契。有多少人知道她是誰(shuí)嗎?
So I was Googling her because I alwaysGoogle her because I'm just a fan, but also because she always has importantand interesting things to say. And the combination of those searches keptleading me to her talk on the dangers of a single story, on what happens whenwe have a solitary lens through which to understand certain groups of people,and it is the perfect talk. It's the talk that I would have given if I had beenfamous first.
我Google了她因?yàn)槲医?jīng)常Google 她，因?yàn)槲沂撬姆劢z，而且因?yàn)樗偸侵v了 重要又有趣的事情。所有搜尋到的結(jié)果，總是把我引導(dǎo)到她的演講，關(guān)于只聽(tīng)單一故事的危險(xiǎn)性，關(guān)于當(dāng)我們只用一種視角去觀察某些特定群體的后果。這是一場(chǎng)完美的演講。如果當(dāng)初是我先成名的話，這就是我想進(jìn)行的演講。
You know, and you know, like, she's Africanand I'm African, and she's a feminist and I'm a feminist, and she's astoryteller and I'm a storyteller, so I really felt like it's my talk.
你知道，就像，她是非洲人，而我也是非洲人;她是女權(quán)主義者，而我也是女權(quán)主義者; 她講故事，而我也講故事;所以我真的認(rèn)為那是我的演講。
So I decided that I was going to learn howto code, and then I was going to hack the internet and I would take down allthe copies of that talk that existed, and then I would memorize it, and then Iwould come here and deliver it as if it was my own speech. So that plan wasgoing really well, except the coding part, and then one morning a few monthsago, I woke up to the news that the wife of a certain presidential candidatehad given a speech that --that sounded eerily like a speech given byone of my other faves, Michelle Obama.
所以我決定學(xué)習(xí)寫(xiě)程序，然后去入侵因特網(wǎng)，把所有這場(chǎng)演講的影片全部刪除，然后我會(huì)把演講內(nèi)容背熟，然后就把它當(dāng)成自己的演講說(shuō)出來(lái)。整個(gè)計(jì)劃進(jìn)行得非常成功，除了寫(xiě)程序的部分之外;直到在幾個(gè)月前的一個(gè)早上，當(dāng)我醒來(lái)時(shí)，看到一則新聞當(dāng)中，某位總統(tǒng)候選人的太太發(fā)表了一場(chǎng)演說(shuō)──感覺(jué)很詭異，聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是另一個(gè)我喜歡的人在演講，米歇爾.歐巴馬。
And so I decided that I should probablywrite my own TED Talk, and so that is what I am here to do. I'm here to talkabout my own observations about storytelling. I want to talk to you about thepower of stories, of course, but I also want to talk about their limitations,particularly for those of us who are interested in social justice.
于是我決定應(yīng)該寫(xiě)一篇自己的 TED 演講稿，這就是我現(xiàn)在要做的。我要說(shuō)的是自己對(duì)于「說(shuō)故事」的觀察。當(dāng)然，我會(huì)告訴你故事的力量，但是我也想談它的局限性， 特別是對(duì)于我們之中，某些關(guān)注社會(huì)正義的人。
So since Adichie gave that talk seven yearsago, there has been a boom in storytelling. Stories are everywhere, and ifthere was a danger in the telling of one tired old tale, then I think there hasgot to be lots to celebrate about the flourishing of so many stories and somany voices. Stories are the antidote to bias. In fact, today, if you aremiddle class and connected via the internet, you can download stories at thetouch of a button or the swipe of a screen.
自從七年前阿迪契的演講之后，說(shuō)故事形成一股風(fēng)潮。到處都是故事，雖然這可能是老生常談，但我還是認(rèn)為能有這么多的故事，能有這么多的聲音出現(xiàn)，是很值得慶祝的事。故事是偏見(jiàn)的解藥。實(shí)際上，如今，如果你屬于中產(chǎn)階級(jí)，而且能連上因特網(wǎng)，你可以下載很多故事，只需要按下鼠標(biāo)按鈕，或是滑動(dòng)觸控屏幕。
You can listen to a podcast aboutwhat it's like to grow up Dalit in Kolkata. You can hear an indigenous man inAustralia talk about the trials and triumphs of raising his children in dignityand in pride. Stories make us fall in love. They heal rifts and they bridgedivides. Stories can even make it easier for us to talk about the deaths ofpeople in our societies who don't matter, because they make us care. Right?
你可以藉由收聽(tīng) Podcast， 了解加爾各答地區(qū)的 賤民階層如何生活。 你可以聽(tīng)到澳洲的原住民談?wù)撽P(guān)于教育出端莊、 具有自尊的孩子， 所需要進(jìn)行的嘗試與成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 故事讓我們相愛(ài)。 故事能治愈裂痕，弭平分歧。 故事甚至能讓我們更容易 談?wù)撋鐣?huì)上某些市井小民的死亡，因?yàn)楣适伦屛覀冴P(guān)注這些事。 對(duì)嗎?
I'm not so sure, and I actually work for aplace called the Centre for Stories. And my job is to help to tell stories thatchallenge mainstream narratives about what it means to be black or a Muslim ora refugee or any of those other categories that we talk about all the time.
我不是很確定， 事實(shí)上我在一個(gè)叫「故事中心」的地方工作。我的工作是幫助人們 說(shuō)出一些挑戰(zhàn)主流論述的故事，例如我們經(jīng)常討論的議題：身為黑人，穆斯林，難民 以及其他族群，背后所代表的含意。
But I come to this work after a long history as a s
ocial justice activist, and soI'm really interested in the ways that people talk about nonfictionstorytelling as though it's about more than entertainment, as though it's aboutbeing a catalyst for social action. It's not uncommon to hear people say thatstories make the world a better place. Increasingly, though, I worry that eventhe most poignant stories, particularly the stories about people who no oneseems to care about, can often get in the way of action towards social justice.Now, this is not because storytellers mean any harm.
但是我接手這份工作，是在我長(zhǎng)期從事社會(huì)正義行動(dòng)之后，而且讓我非常感興趣的，是人們?cè)谡務(wù)摗讣o(jì)實(shí)故事」時(shí)所持的態(tài)度和方式，認(rèn)為它不只是娛樂(lè)， 認(rèn)為它是社會(huì)行動(dòng)的催化劑。 我們常聽(tīng)到人們說(shuō)：故事能讓世界更美好。不過(guò)我開(kāi)始擔(dān)心： 即使是最讓人感動(dòng)的故事， 特別是那些市井小民的故事，也經(jīng)常會(huì)妨礙到社會(huì)正義的進(jìn)行。 這不是因?yàn)檎f(shuō)故事的人故意要造成傷害。
Quite the contrary. Storytellersare often do-gooders like me and, I suspect, yourselves. And the audiences ofstorytellers are often deeply compassionate and empathetic people. Still, goodintentions can have unintended consequences, and so I want to propose thatstories are not as magical as they seem. So three -- because it's always got tobe three -- three reasons why I think that stories don't necessarily make theworld a better place.
恰恰相反， 說(shuō)故事的人通常是想要做好事的人， 例如我，以及在座的你們。 而聽(tīng)故事的人 通常也是充滿熱情和同情心的人。但是，好的動(dòng)機(jī)也會(huì)導(dǎo)致 意想不到的后果， 所以我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是， 說(shuō)故事并不像看起來(lái)那么神奇。 有三個(gè)原因，總是要有三個(gè)── 我認(rèn)為有三個(gè)原因，故事不一定會(huì)讓世界變得更好。
Firstly, stories can create an illusion ofsolidarity. There is nothing like that feel-good factor you get from listeningto a fantastic story where you feel like you climbed that mountain, right, orthat you befriended that death row inmate. But you didn't. You haven't doneanything. Listening is an important but insufficient step towards socialaction.
首先，故事能產(chǎn)生一種 「共同一致」的幻覺(jué)。 沒(méi)有其他東西能夠像 聽(tīng)了奇幻故事一樣， 能帶給你更好的感覺(jué)了; 就彷佛是你自己征服了那座山，是的。或者是你和一位死刑犯成為朋友。 但是你并沒(méi)有真的去做。 你沒(méi)有完成任何事。 傾聽(tīng)故事是很重要的一步， 但對(duì)于社會(huì)行動(dòng)來(lái)說(shuō)，仍然不足夠。
Secondly, I think often we are drawntowards characters and protagonists who are likable and human. And this makessense, of course, right? Because if you like someone, then you care about them.But the inverse is also true. If you don't like someone, then you don't careabout them. And if you don't care about them, you don't have to see yourself ashaving a moral obligation to think about the circumstances that shaped theirlives.
第二，我認(rèn)為人們經(jīng)常會(huì)被 那些令人喜愛(ài)、具有人性化的 角色和主人公所吸引。 而且這也符合常理，是不是? 因?yàn)槿绻阆矚g他們，你自然就會(huì)關(guān)心他們。但反之亦然。如果你不喜歡他們，你自然也不會(huì)關(guān)心他們。如果你不關(guān)心他們，你自然也不會(huì)認(rèn)為 自己負(fù)有道義責(zé)任，去思考那些人周遭的生活環(huán)境。
I learned this lesson when I was 14 yearsold. I learned that actually, you don't have to like someone to recognize theirwisdom, and you certainly don't have to like someone to take a stand by theirside. So my bike was stolen while I was riding it --which is possible if you're riding slowlyenough, which I was.
我在 14 歲時(shí)學(xué)到了這一點(diǎn)。我學(xué)到的是，實(shí)際上你不一定要喜歡某個(gè)人，才能認(rèn)可他的智慧; 而且你也不需要喜歡某個(gè)人，才能和他站在同一陣線。我的腳踏車被偷了， 在我騎著它的的時(shí)候──這是可能的，如果你騎得夠慢， 我當(dāng)時(shí)就是這樣。
So one minute I'm cutting across this fieldin the Nairobi neighborhood where I grew up, and it's like a very bumpy path,and so when you're riding a bike, you don't want to be like, you know --
就在我正要穿過(guò)一片田地的時(shí)候， 就在內(nèi)羅畢附近，我生長(zhǎng)的地方， 因?yàn)槁贩浅Ｆ閸绮黄剑?所以當(dāng)你騎車時(shí)， 你不會(huì)想要......你知道的──
And so I'm going like this, slowlypedaling, and all of a sudden, I'm on the floor. I'm on the ground, and I lookup, and there's this kid peddling away in the getaway vehicle, which is mybike, and he's about 11 or 12 years old, and I'm on the floor, and I'm cryingbecause I saved a lot of money for that bike, and I'm crying and I stand up andI start screaming. Instinct steps in, and I start screaming, "Mwizi,mwizi!" which means "thief" in Swahili. And out of thewoodworks, all of these people come out and they start to give chase. This isAfrica, so mob justice in action. Right?
所以我就騎得很慢。 突然間，我摔倒在地上。 當(dāng)我躺在地上時(shí)，抬頭一看， 有個(gè)小孩正騎著車逃跑， 他騎著我的腳踏車。 他大概 11 或 12 歲， 我還倒在地上， 然后我大哭，因?yàn)槲掖媪撕芫玫腻X(qián) 才買了這輛腳踏車，于是我一邊哭，一邊站起來(lái)大喊。 出于本能，我開(kāi)始大喊： "Mwizi, mwizi! " 這在斯瓦希里語(yǔ)中代表「小偷」的意思。 這時(shí)候許多人從伐木場(chǎng)跑出來(lái)， 他們開(kāi)始追趕。 這是在非洲，當(dāng)時(shí)暴民政治 正在興起。是吧?
And I round the corner, and they'vecaptured him, they've caught him. The suspect has been apprehended, and theymake him give me my bike back, and they also make him apologize. Again, youknow, typical African justice, right? And so they make him say sorry. And so westand there facing each other, and he looks at me, and he says sorry, but helooks at me with this unbridled fury. He is very, very angry. And it is thefirst time that I have been confronted with someone who doesn't like me simplybecause of what I represent. He looks at me with this look as if to say,"You, with your shiny skin and your bike, you're angry at me?"
當(dāng)我走到轉(zhuǎn)角時(shí)， 他們已經(jīng)抓住了小偷。他們已經(jīng)抓住了他。 嫌犯已被逮捕， 他們要他把腳踏車還給我， 而且他們還要他道歉。 你知道，這是典型的非洲正義，是吧? 所以他們要他說(shuō)：對(duì)不起。 我們當(dāng)時(shí)就面對(duì)面站著，他看著我，說(shuō)了對(duì)不起。 但是他用非常憤怒的表情看著我， 他非常，非常生氣。 這是我第一次直接面對(duì)著， 一個(gè)只是因?yàn)槲业纳矸?而不喜歡我的人。 他帶著那種神情看著我，彷佛在說(shuō)：「你，你有光滑的皮膚， 還有一輛腳踏車，你對(duì)我生氣?」
So it was a hard lesson that he didn't likeme, but you know what, he was right. I was a middle-class kid living in a poorcountry. I had a bike, and he barely had food. Sometimes, it's the messagesthat we don't want to hear, the ones that make us want to crawl out ofourselves, that we need to hear the most.
我知道他不喜歡我，這的確不好受， 但是你知道嗎，他這樣想是正常的。 在這個(gè)貧窮的國(guó)家， 我是一個(gè)生長(zhǎng)在中產(chǎn)階層的小孩。 我擁有一輛腳踏車，而他幾乎連食物都沒(méi)有。 有時(shí)候，有些訊息是我們不想聽(tīng)的; 但是那些讓我們坐立難安的訊息， 卻正是我們最需要聽(tīng)的。
For every lovable storyteller whosteals your heart, there are hundreds more whose voices are slurred and ragged,who don't get to stand up on a stage dressed in fine clothes like this. Thereare a million angry-boy-on-a-bike stories and we can't afford to ignore themsimply because we don't like their protagonists or because that's not the kidthat we would bring home with us from the orphanage.
在每一位我們所喜愛(ài)的故事演說(shuō)者背后，有成百上千個(gè)被忽略、疲憊不堪的聲音， 他們沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)穿上這么好的衣服，站在這個(gè)講臺(tái)上。有數(shù)百萬(wàn)則像是腳踏車上生氣男孩的故事，我們不應(yīng)該忽視他們，只是因?yàn)槲覀儾幌矚g那些故事里的主角，或者只是因?yàn)?，他不是我們?cè)诠聝涸?想領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的那個(gè)小孩。
The third reason that I think that storiesdon't necessarily make the world a better place is that too often we are soinvested in the personal narrative that we forget to look at the biggerpicture. And so we applaud someone when they tell us about their feelings ofshame, but we don't necessarily link that to oppression. We nod understandinglywhen someone says they felt small, but we don't link that to discrimination.
而第三個(gè)原因， 我認(rèn)為故事不一定能讓世界更美好， 是因?yàn)槲覀兘?jīng)常 過(guò)于投入在個(gè)人敘事中， 而讓我們忘記去綜觀全局。 當(dāng)某些人告訴我們他們感覺(jué)到羞辱時(shí)， 我們會(huì)為他們鼓掌， 但這時(shí)我們不一定會(huì)聯(lián)想到壓迫。 當(dāng)有人說(shuō)他們覺(jué)得自己渺小， 我們會(huì)理解地點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭， 但是我們不會(huì)聯(lián)想到這是歧視。
The most important stories, especially for social justice, are those that doboth, that are both personal and allow us to explore and understand thepolitical.
那些最重要的故事，特別是有關(guān)社會(huì)正義的， 是那些能夠兼顧兩方面的故事， 不僅能讓我們心有所感， 又能讓我們?nèi)ヌ骄亢屠斫馑澈蟮恼巍?/p>
But it's not just about the stories we likeversus the stories we choose to ignore. Increasingly, we are living in asociety where there are larger forces at play, where stories are actually formany people beginning to replace the news. Yeah? We live in a time where we arewitnessing the decline of facts, when emotions rule and analysis, it's kind of boring, right?
但這不僅僅是關(guān)于我們所喜歡的故事，以及我們所選擇忽視的故事兩者間的比較。 逐漸的，我們生活的社會(huì)里出現(xiàn)了一股愈來(lái)愈大的力量。事實(shí)上，許多人開(kāi)始用故事來(lái)取代新聞。沒(méi)錯(cuò)吧? 我們所處的時(shí)代，正在見(jiàn)證著：事實(shí)開(kāi)始不被重視， 情感開(kāi)始主導(dǎo)一切，而理性的分析，令人感覺(jué)枯燥，對(duì)吧?
Where we value what we feel more than what we actually know. Arecent report by the Pew Center on trends in America indicates that only 10percent of young adults under the age of 30 "place a lot of trust in themedia." Now, this is significant. It means that storytellers are gainingtrust at precisely the same moment that many in the media are losing theconfidence in the public. This is not a good thing, because while stories areimportant and they help us to have insights in many ways, we need the media.
我們重視自己的感覺(jué)遠(yuǎn)勝過(guò)我們實(shí)際知道的真相。探討美國(guó)趨勢(shì)的皮尤研究中心 最近有一份報(bào)告，顯示在 30 歲以下的年輕人當(dāng)中，只有 10% 的人 「非常信任傳播媒體」。這是很重要的警訊。這意味著，在講述故事的人贏得信任的同時(shí)，傳播媒體正在失去大眾的信心。這不是件好事。因?yàn)楣适码m然很重要，它能幫助我們?cè)诤芏喾矫娅@得領(lǐng)悟，但是我們?nèi)匀恍枰獋鞑ッ襟w。
From my years as a social justice activist, I know very well that we needcredible facts from media institutions combined with the powerful voices ofstorytellers. That's what pushes the needle forward in terms of social justice.
在我從事社會(huì)正義行動(dòng)的時(shí)期，我很清楚的知道，我們需要結(jié)合傳媒機(jī)構(gòu)提供的可靠事實(shí)，以及講述故事者，強(qiáng)而有力的聲音。這才能推動(dòng)社會(huì)正義的前進(jìn)。
In the final analysis, of course, it isjustice that makes the world a better place, not stories. Right? And so if itis justice that we are after, then I think we mustn't focus on the media or onstorytellers. We must focus on audiences, on anyone who has ever turned on aradio or listened to a podcast, and that means all of us.
最后的分析，當(dāng)然，只有正義 才能讓這個(gè)世界更美好。而不是故事本身，對(duì)吧? 所以說(shuō)如果我們追求的是正義，我認(rèn)為我們不應(yīng)該聚焦在媒體或是講故事的人身上。 我們必須關(guān)注聽(tīng)眾，關(guān)注那些打開(kāi)收音機(jī)或收聽(tīng) podcast 的人，這就意味著我們每一個(gè)人。
So a few concluding thoughts on whataudiences can do to make the world a better place. So firstly, the world wouldbe a better place, I think, if audiences were more curious and more skepticaland asked more questions about the social context that created those storiesthat they love so much. Secondly, the world would be a better place ifaudiences recognized that storytelling is intellectual work.
最后我有一些想法， 關(guān)于聽(tīng)眾能做些什么， 讓這個(gè)世界更美好。 首先，我認(rèn)為這個(gè)世界會(huì)變得更好， 如果聽(tīng)眾能夠更加好奇、更加質(zhì)疑，并且對(duì)于他們喜愛(ài)的故事 背后的社會(huì)脈絡(luò)， 提出更多問(wèn)題。 其次，這個(gè)世界會(huì)更加美好， 如果大家能意識(shí)到 說(shuō)故事是耗費(fèi)腦力的工作。
And I think itwould be important for audiences to demand more buttons on their favoritewebsites, buttons for example that say, "If you liked this story, clickhere to support a cause your storyteller believes in." Or "click hereto contribute to your storyteller's next big idea." Often, we arecommitted to the platforms, but not necessarily to the storytellers themselves.And then lastly, I think that audiences can make the world a better place byswitching off their phones, by stepping away from their screens and steppingout into the real world beyond what feels safe.
另外我認(rèn)為有件事對(duì)聽(tīng)眾來(lái)說(shuō)是非常重要的，就是要求他們喜愛(ài)的網(wǎng)站增加更多的按鈕，比如說(shuō)，像這樣的一個(gè)按鈕：「如果你喜歡這個(gè)故事，請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊這里，支持講故事那人所捍衛(wèi)的信念?！?或者是「點(diǎn)擊這里 來(lái)捐贈(zèng)她下一個(gè)大理念」。我們一般總是忠于某個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺(tái)，而不是在故事人的本身。最后，我想大家可以讓世界更美好， 我們可以關(guān)掉手機(jī)，遠(yuǎn)離各種電子屏幕，走進(jìn)這個(gè)真實(shí)，但感覺(jué)不太安全的世界。
Alice Walker has said, "Look closelyat the present you are constructing. It should look like the future you aredreaming." Storytellers can help us to dream, but it's up to all of us tohave a plan for justice.
艾麗斯.華克曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，「仔細(xì)看著你正在建造的當(dāng)下，那應(yīng)該是你夢(mèng)想中的未來(lái)?！?講故事的人能幫助我們?nèi)?mèng)想， 但是最終還是要靠我們自己為正義制定計(jì)劃，采取行動(dòng)。
Thank you.(Applause)
謝謝大家。(掌聲)
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