初中英語(yǔ)演講稿技巧解析
初中英語(yǔ)演講稿技巧，對(duì)書(shū)面表達(dá)中常用的重要語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)化整理，從簡(jiǎn)到難，逐步深入，符合語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的習(xí)慣。在知識(shí)點(diǎn)的表述上簡(jiǎn)潔、直白;對(duì)必須掌握和理解的概念均通過(guò)例句加以剖析講解，便于記憶。
1.根據(jù)聽(tīng)眾對(duì)象，注意演講的總體措詞
演講的總體措詞是嚴(yán)肅一些還是活潑一些，是有較明顯的說(shuō)教口氣還是用平等的口吻，等等，都要根據(jù)聽(tīng)眾對(duì)象而定。如果場(chǎng)下聽(tīng)眾是同齡的學(xué)生，那么演講的內(nèi)容只要風(fēng)趣一些往往就能引起共鳴。但另一方面，如果聽(tīng)眾大多是上了年紀(jì)的教師，太多的笑料反而會(huì)被認(rèn)為“不嚴(yán)肅”，“不尊重”，而引起反感。
用英語(yǔ)演講，不要用太多 i feel, i think，老是用i，顯得十分主觀，狹隘。如果通篇全是 i feel, i think 的內(nèi)容，會(huì)給人覺(jué)得缺乏說(shuō)服力。另外，perhaps, maybe 這樣的詞語(yǔ)，雖然有“客氣，謙虛”的成分，但太多會(huì)讓人覺(jué)得你演講的內(nèi)容有不可靠之處。
還有，在演講中，要少用you，多用we。用you等于把自己與聽(tīng)眾對(duì)立起來(lái)，而用we則拉近了與聽(tīng)眾的距離。比如：you should not smoke.聽(tīng)上去像教訓(xùn)人，而 let’s not smoke聽(tīng)起來(lái)是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的建議。
2.演講要越短越好
gettysburg address four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.
we are met on a great battlefield of that war. we have come to dedicate a portion of the field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that the nation might live. it is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. but in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.
the brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. the world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.
it is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. it is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us, ----that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion, ----that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, ----that this nation, under god, shall have a new birth of freedom, ----and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
其實(shí)，我們中學(xué)生練習(xí)寫(xiě)演講稿，可以短些，從4～5分鐘，500～600個(gè)詞，圍繞一個(gè)主題開(kāi)始練習(xí)。
3.英語(yǔ)演講稿的基本組成部分
從大的方面看，英語(yǔ)演講詞實(shí)際上是屬于一種特殊的說(shuō)明文或議論文，其基本組成部分是：
1)開(kāi)始時(shí)對(duì)聽(tīng)眾的稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)
最常用的是 ladies and gentlemen，也可根據(jù)不同情況，選用 fellow students, distinguished guests, mr chairman, honorable judges(評(píng)委)等等。
2)提出論題 愛(ài)愛(ài)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站
由于演講的時(shí)間限制，必須開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，提出論題。提出論題的方法有各種各樣，但最生動(dòng)，最能引起注意的是用舉例法。比如：你要呼吁大家關(guān)心貧窮地區(qū)的孩子，你可以用親眼看到的或者收集到的那些貧窮孩子多么需要幫助的實(shí)例開(kāi)始。另外，用具體的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)也是一個(gè)有效的引出論題的方法，比如：你要談遵守交通規(guī)則的話題，你可以從舉一系列有關(guān)車(chē)輛、車(chē)禍等的數(shù)據(jù)開(kāi)始。
3)論證
對(duì)提出的論題，不可主觀地妄下結(jié)論，而要進(jìn)行客觀的論證。這是演講中最需要下功夫的部分。關(guān)鍵是要把道理講清楚。常見(jiàn)的論證方法有舉例法、因果法、對(duì)比法等等，可參見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)議論文的有關(guān)章節(jié)。
4)結(jié)論
結(jié)論要簡(jiǎn)明扼要，以給聽(tīng)眾留下深刻印象。
5)結(jié)尾
結(jié)尾要簡(jiǎn)潔，不要拉拉扯扯，說(shuō)個(gè)沒(méi)完。特別是不要受漢語(yǔ)影響，說(shuō)些類(lèi)似“準(zhǔn)備不足，請(qǐng)諒解”，“請(qǐng)批評(píng)指正”這樣的廢話。最普通的結(jié)尾就是：thank you very much for your attention。
4.英語(yǔ)演講稿的語(yǔ)言特征
1)多用實(shí)詞，多用短句，少用結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)句
在英語(yǔ)演講中，and, but, so, then 等虛詞要盡量少用，that, which 等詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句也只會(huì)使句子結(jié)構(gòu)變得復(fù)雜，而使聽(tīng)眾難以跟上演講者的思路，從而影響演講的效果。相反，多使用實(shí)詞，短句，可使得演講內(nèi)容更清晰，氣勢(shì)更磅礴。
2)演講要注意使用各種修辭手法，增加演講的感染力和氣勢(shì)。英語(yǔ)演講中常用的修辭手法有：漸進(jìn)(climax)、對(duì)照(antithesis)、排比(parallelism)、警句(epigram)等等，例如：
that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.(排比)
這個(gè)民有、民治、民享的國(guó)家將不會(huì)從地球上消失。
united, there is little we can not do;
divided, there is little we can do.(對(duì)照)
團(tuán)結(jié)，我們便將無(wú)所不能;分裂，我們則會(huì)一事無(wú)成。
let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.
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